-^tw rff-x XTE HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA v;^ r VOLUME IV NORTH CAROLINA BIOGRAPHY BY SPECIAL STAFF OF WRITERS ILLUSTRATED THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO AND NEW YORK 1919 1 Copyright, 1919 BY THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY ^^,^Z^%a.^.c^<y/^^'-^^^^^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Hon. Nathaniel Boyden. A concise summaiy of the life and distinguished services of Hon. Na- thaniel Boyden was given recently by Chief Justice Clark upon the acceptance of a portrait of the former justice. Said Judge Clark: "He was a soldier in the War of 1812 and the son of a soldier of the Eevolution, and his son served the South with distinction in the War of of 1861-65. He came to this state in 1822 and was several times a member of the Legislature. In 1847 he was a member of Congress, and again in 1868. He was appointed to the Supreme Court in May, 1871, and served two and a half years tiU his death in November, 1873. "Admitted to the bar in 1823, he served in his profession with great distinction for nearly half a century. During that time it was his custom to attend forty-eight courts each year, and he practiced regularly in twelve counties. ' ' When appointed to the Supreme Court Bench, Judge Boyden was in his 75th year, being the oldest man ever appointed to this bench. Judge Boyden brought to this court the accumulated learning and experience of nearly fifty years at the bar and the intesity of energy and love of labor which had gained him success and fortune in that forum, and commanded for him a well earned reputation here. ' ' Nathaniel Boyden was born at Conway, Mass- achusetts, August 16, 1796. The Boyden family was long established in England, where the name is found in records covering three centuries. It was from ancestors of wealth and distinction that Nathaniel Boyden derived many qualities that enabled him to adorn the positions he held in life. The ancestor of all the earlier members of the famUy was Thomas Boyden, who left Ipswich, Suffolk County, England, in April, 1635, and on the ship Francis came to Massachusetts. There is an extended genealogical work entitled ' ' Thomas Boyden and his descendants. ' ' His son, Thomas Boyden, Jr., born at Watertown, Mass- achusetts, September 26, 1639, married Martha Holden, daughter of Richard Holden, who , c^me to America in the ship Francis in 1634. From Watertown they moved to Groton. Their son, Jonathan Boyden, was born September 27, 1675, lived and died in Groton. The family names ot neither of his wives have been preserved. His son, Josiah Boyden, bom at Groton September 21, 1701, moved to Deerfield about 1762, and in 1767 was one of those who sighed the petition asking for a division of the township. The answer to that petition was the Town of Conway. Josiah Boyden first married Eunice Parker. Their son John Boyden, father of Judge Boyden, was born at Conway, Massachusetts, January 29, 1764, and was the first male child of European par- ents born in that township. He died October 2, 1857, at the great age of ninety-three. As a soldier in the Revolution he stood on guard at one end of the cable stretched across the Hudson River to prevent the passing of the sloop of war Vulture when Benedict Arnold was plotting to betray West Point, and he often reverentially spoke of seeing Washington when he made his unex- pected visit to West Point after Arnold 's flight. John Boyden enlisted several times during the Revolution. His first enlistment was for three months at Ticouderoga. Aside from his military service he spent his life as a farmer at Conway. Judge Boyden 's mother, Eunice Hayden, was the daughter of Dr. Moses Hayden, a learned phy- sician of Conway. Eunice Hayden was a sister of Hon. Moses Hayden, a member of Congress from New York. On this side of the family William Hayden came to America in 1630. The Haydens long held legal appointment in England from the king and Nathaniel Boyden probably derived his brilliant talents as a lawyer from his mother's family. Nathaniel Boyden displayed the martial spirit of his ancestors and at the age of fifteen enlisted in the War of 1812. For his services he was granted a land warrant for 160 acres. He was liberally educated, preparing for college at Deer- field Academy, and attending in succession Wil- liams College, and Union College in New York, whence he wa9 graduated in July, 1821. He studied law while in college, and also under his uncle Hon. Moses Hayden. In 1822 Nathaniel Boyden came south for the purpose of teaching school. In the fall of that year he and his companion, a clock-maker's agent, named Sidney Porter — grandfather of the late ' ' O. Henry ' ' — alighted from the stage coach near King's Crossroads in Guilford County, North Caro- lina; and after breakfast, having surveyed the scane, they determined on the spur of the moment to remain, rather than continue to their destination further south. Nathaniel Boyden found a school to teach at King's Cross Roads and at the same time ac- quainted himself with the North Carolina Legal Code and Procedure. Later he taught school in Madison, Rockingham County, where he met Ruth, great-niece of Governor Alexander Martin. She became his wife January 20, 1825. In December, 1823, he was licensed to practice and settled near Germanton in Stokes County, where he resided until his removal to Surrey County in 1832. In 1842 he moved to Salisbury which was his home until his death, November 30, 1873. Aside from these facts it is possible to obtain something approaching a better estimate and char- acti lization of Judge Boyden from the words of Dr. Archibald Henderson of the University of HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Isorth Carolina, in his address on presenting the portrait of Judge Boydeu to the Supreme Court. In appreciation of Nathaniel Boyden's powers as a lawyer, Dr. Henderson said: "Brought into competition, at the outset of his legal career with men of the stamp of Ruflin, Murphey, Nash, Settle, Yancey and the Moreheads, he met every eanergency tlirough the extraordinary gifts with which nature and study had endowed him — vigor- ous intellect, perception quick as light, and an ability in mental reasoning well-nigh phenomenal. A later contemporary thus characterizes him: 'He delighted in the practice of the noble profession which he so much adorned and in which he reached so high an eminence. The fine intellectual conflicts to which it gave rise had for him in- describable charms. They were meat and drink to his nature. Self reliance never forsook him for a moment. His moral courage was sublime. He never slirank from the performance of any duty nor hesitated to take any responsibility. His fidel- ity to his chiefs was never doubted. With all these high qualities, being well grounded in the law and thoroughly understanding its great cardi- nal principles, success was inevitable. ' ' ' From his time of retirement from Congress until his elevation to the Bench he was actively engaged in the practice of his profession over a circuit of twelve counties. For more than thirty years he regularly attended the sessions of the Supreme Court of the State. Endowed with an eminently practical mind and extraordinary in- dustry, he attained to great repute and achieved a handsome competency. As Associate Justice of this Court during the two and a half years of his incumbency, Judge Boyden delivered opinions, which, for practical wisdom, broad knowledge, and cogency in reasoning may uniformly be cited with profit. The present distinguished head of this court has WTitten of Jodge Boyden : ' Wliile on the Bench he was said to have been especially use- ful on questions of practice. He possessed a strong and cultivated mind, and was endowed with an extraordinary memory. A fair specimen of his style and his practical turn of mind will be found in Horton v. Green, 66 N. C, 596, an action for deceit and false warranty. ' ' ' Of especial interest are his attitude and position in the political life and thought of his time as portraj-ed by Dr. Henderson. "In all the political changes, through periods of great stress and fer- ment, in state audt nation, Judge Boyden was allied with more than one political party. But as an old line Whig he stood consistently for the doctrines in which he had early learned "to believe. In the earlier years of his life he was a Madisonian republican, and when the old republican party dis- solved he joined the national republicans and sup- ported John Quincy Adams for the presidency in 1825 and 1829. Upon its formation he became a member of the whig party and stood steadfastly by its fortunes to the last. And when that party ceased to exist he continued to cling to the funda- mental doctrines which it had taught. * » * From the very beginning of the war between the States he never expected any other result than the final surrender of the Confederate forces to the Federal army. Yet, notwithstanding what he regarded as their great political errors, he mani- fested the profoundest sympathy with the Southern people, lamented the stern penalties of war, and lent his aid to the citizens of his adopted State. * * * Judge Boyden was identified with the South by family ties, by interest, and by all the memories of his balmy days; and he was not, at heart, untrue to the South in opposing that which his sagacious mind considered baneful to her wel- fare, prosperity and peace. He looked upon seces- sion as disastrous to the South. But once the die was cast, he went with the State. One may read today in The Carolina Watchman of 24th of Aug- ust, 1861, the list of subscriptions to the Confeder- ate Loan — a list headed by the name of Nathaniel Boyden in tiie sum of $1,500, accompanied by the statement that his tobacco, as well, would be freely subscribed. He bore the sternest test of all — he gave his beloved voungest son, Archibald Hender- son, to fight for the cause of the Confederacy. ' ' One who knew him intimately has written that 'no man was more opposed to the plan of Con- gressional reconstruction than Judge Boyden, and none labored harder to prevent it. ' But at the same time none realized more clearly than he the exigency, as well as the intrinsic justice, of mak- ing some sort of concession in the form of political privileges to the negro race. Nathaniel Boyden was appointed by Governor Worth in 1866 on a Commission, the main function of which was to investigate the condition of affairs and mature a rational and humane policy. * * * The plan proposed, known as the 'North Carolina Plan,' in the formulation of which Judge Boyden had a large shaxe, had for its basis impartial suffrage and universal amnesty. * * * In all probability, the North Carolina Plan would have been accepted, liy the State Legislature but for the conviction that it would be only the prelude to the imposition of deeper humiliations. Foreseeing the direful consequences to North Carolina in case of its fail- ure, Mr. Boyden had its success deeply at heart. Upon learning of the failure of the plan, after all his arduous and sincerely patriotic efforts, the anguished man vented his deep grief in bitter tears. * * * It was related in writing by the late John A. Boyden, and is believed to be an historic fact, though never hitherto given to the pulilic, that President Lincoln had selected Nathajiiel Boyden for the post of Provisional Governor of North Carolina. The proclamation had been prepared by President Lincoln, who was assassinated on the night before it was to be published. "In the Convention of 1865 he playe*! one of the leading roles and introduced the ordinance which declared that the ordinance of May 20, 1861, 'is now and has been at all times null and void. ' In the impeachment trial of Governor Holden he was one of the brilliant array of legal talent composing the Governor's counsel; and his speech on March 17, 1871, with its imposing mar- shalling of legal authorities, is memorable as an argument on the impossibility of holding the Gov- ernor responsible for his execution- of an imeon- stitutional law. ' ' Lastly Mr. Boyden was consistent with his own principles, long tenaciously maintained, in trans- ferring his allegiance in 1868, to the republican party. * * * Apart from the policy of the re- publican party in reference to reconstruction he had always held to some of its great cardinal principles." The following tribute to Judge Boyden was writ- ten at the time of his death by Dr. Henderson's father. ' ' In all his intercourse with his f ellownien Judge Boyden was straightforward, honest, direct- He was a pattern of perfect sincerity in all that he said or did. He was manly in everything. Flat- tery he det^-sted. The arts of the demagogue he despised. No man ever lived who was farther HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA away from corruption. His integrity was never doubted iy any man who came near him. His manly ajid straightforward courage, aceorapauied by a certain brusqueness of manner, may have led some to suppose that he was deficient in some of the qualities of the heaxK If so, it was a great mistake. With as much of true manhood as be- longs to the greatest and most powerful characters, he yet possessed all the tenderness that character- izes the gentlest of the gentler sex. None who knew him well can deny that his was a character that deserves to be held long in remembrance, espe- cially as a bright example to the young men of the country. Let them take courage from that re- markalde example, and emulate his many virtues and noble qualities, and success in whatever they undertake is within their reach. ' ' Reference has already been made to his first marriage. This wife died August 20, 1844, leav- ing four childi-en, Nathaniel, John Augustus, Sarah Ann and Ruth. In November, 1845, he was mar- ried to Mrs. Jane (Henderson) Mitchell, widow of Dr. Lueco Mitchell, and niece of Chief Justice Leonard Henderson and daughter of Archibald Henderson. Of this union there was one son, Archibald H. Boyden, w-hose career is subject for a separate sketch on other pages. Col. Aechib.ild Henderson Boyden. A broad- minded, public-spirited citizen of Salisbury, Rowan County, Col. Archibald H. Boyden, now serving as postmaster, has long been associated with the higher and better interests of city and county, advocating and working for those ideas and measures that will be of lasting good to the com- munity, being more especially interested in the mental, moral, and physical development of the children of this generation, in whom he sees the future guardians of the public welfare. Coming from honored New England ancestry, he was born in Salisbury, North Carolina, January 29, 1847, a sou of Hon. Nathaniel and Jane Mitchell (Hen- derson) Boyden, and maternal grandson of Hon. Archibald and Sarah (Alexander) Henderson, families of prominence and influence. The house in which his birth occurred, and which he now owns and occupies, was built by his grandfather, Hon. Archibald Henderson, in 1800. It is a large commodious, frame building, colonial in style, and sits back some' distance from the street, the lo- cation being ideal. It is surrounded by a beautiful lawn, ornamented with trees, plants and shrubs, rendering the place pleasant and attractive. On this lot stood the building occupied as a law oflSce by Andrew Jackson during the year he practiced law in Salisbury. In 1876 Mr. Boyden sold the building, which was taken first to Philadelphia, and later to Cliieago. In 1863 Mr. Boyden left the preparatory school in which he was being fitted for college to enter the Confederate Army. Going to Virginia, he was detailed as a courier to Gen. Robert F. Hoke, and served in that capacity until the close of the con- flict. Returning home with health badly shattered by the many hardships and privations of life in camp and field. Colonel Boyden was for nearly five years incapacitated for work. Regaining his for- mer physical vigor, he engaged in the buying and selling of cotton, a substantial business with which he has since been actively identified, being presi- dent of Boyden, Oranan & Co. and vice president of Oranan & Co., wholesale dealers and jobbers, also interested in various other enterprises of a commercial or financial nature. Taking a genuine interest in everything con- nected with the advancement of the public welfare, Colonel Boyden has served with credit to himseU', and to the honor and satisfaction of his constitu- ents in numerous offices of trust and responsibility. He was for tea years mayor of Salisbury. When he was first nominated to that position, he prom- ised, if elected, to give the city the much-needed sidewalks, good roads, and better schools, and under his efficient administration all of these prom- ises were fulfilled to the letter, sidewalks being built, streets being paved, and the schools placed among the best in the state. A new railroad sta- tion, which Salisbury had long needed, was erected through the colonel's influence with the railroad officials, it being the best station on the road be- tween Washington and Atlanta. In 1911 Colonel Boyden was elected to the State Senate, and was renominated in 1913, but refused to accept the nomination. While a member of the Senate he secured the passage of a bill for the state iuspection of schools, but it was defeated in the House. He continued to advocate the measure, however, and the Legislature of 1916 enacteu such a law. For a full quarter of a century the colonel has served as a member of the school board, and for twelve years has been, postmaster. Actively interested not only in the welfare of the children, but in that of the Confederate soldier, Colonel Boyden is serving as chairman of the board of managers of the Soldiers' Home at Ra- leigh, where the 175 inmates are well cared for, and is also chairman of the pension board of Rowan County. He is commander of the First Brigade, North Carolina Veterans. He is likewise chairman of the Salisbury Board of Charities; a member of the board of managers of the Thompson Episcopal Orphanage at Cliarlotte; and a director of the Children 's Home at Greensboro. On July 7, 1880, Colonel Boyden was united in marriage witli May Wh*it, a daughter of Hon. Francis E. and May (Wheat) Shober, and grand- daughter of Rev. John Thomas Wheat, whose brother. Major Rob Wheat, commanded the Louisi- ana Tigers in the Civil War. Mrs. Boyden 's great- grandfather on the paternal side, Gottlieb Shober, was a leader in the Moravian Colony, located at Salem, Forsyth County. Her father was prominent in public affairs, serving as a representative to Congress, and later as secretary of the Senate. Colonel and Mrs. Boyden have two daughters, namely: May Wheat, who married Dr. Vance R. Brawley, and has two children, Robert V. Jr., and Boyden; and Jane Henderson, wife of Burton Craige, has three children, Burton, Jr., Jane Hen- derson and an infant. Colonel Boyden and his wife are members of the Episcopal Church, in which he has served as vestryman for several years.' Hon. Archib.\ld Henderson, who was bom in Granville County, North Carolina, August 7, 1768, .and died at Salisbury October 21, 1822, had a career replete with the finest successes and dig- nities of the law, citizenship and manhood. All of this is perhaps best expressed in the inscription placed on his monument by the North Carolina bar, in these words: "In Memory of Archibald Henderson, to whom his associates at the Bar have erected this Monn- ment to mark their vener.ation for the character of a. Lawyer who illustrated their profession by the extent of his learning, and the unblemished integ- rity of his life; of a Man who sustained and em- bellished all the relations of Social Life with rect- 4 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA itude and benevolence of a Citizen; wlio elevated by the native dignity of his mind above the atmos- phere of selfishness and party, pursued calmly, yet zealously, the true interest of his country. ' ' He was of Scotch ancestry. His grandfather, Samuel Henderson, came from Hanover County, Virginia, and settled in Grannlle County, North Carolina, about 1743, and subsequently served as sheriff of that county. Richard Henderson, father of the subject of this article, was born in Hanover County, Virginia, April 20, 1735. He read law with his cousin. Judge Williams, for twelve months. When he applied for a license to the chief justice of the colony, whose duty it was to examine ap- plicajits and on his certificate request that a li- cense be issued by the governor, young Henderson was asked how long he had read law and what books. When the limited time was stated with the number of books read, the judge remarked that it was useless to go into any examination as no liv- ing man, in so short a time, could have read and digested the works he had named. With great promptness and firmness young Henderson replied that it was his privilege to apply for a license and the judge's duty to examine him, and if he was not qualified to reject him. The judge, struck with his sensible and spirited reply, proceeded to a most searching examination. So well did the applicant sustain himself that not only was the cer- tificate granted but with it went encomiums on his industry, acquirements and talents. The brilliant qualities of mind thus exemplified were sustained throughout his mature career. He soon rose to the highest rank in his profession, and honors and wealth followed. A vacancy oc- curring on the bench, he was appointed by the governor a judge of the Superior Court, the high- est court in the colony. He discharged the duties of this dignified position with fidelity and credit during an exciting and interesting period of North Carolina history. On oije occasion he was forced to leave HUlsboro by the disturbances of the regu- lators. In 1779 he headed the commission which extended westward the dividing line between Vir- ginia and North CaroUna. His name has an interesting association with the progress of opening up the country west of thb Alleghenies. In 1774, on the adWce of Daniel Boone, who had carefully explored the country. Judge Henderson formed a company, comprising John WDliams and Leonard H. Bullock of Gran- ville, and others from Orange County, and bought from the Cherokee Indians for a fair considera- tion all their lands south of the Kentucky River beginning at the junction of that river with the Ohio River and thence south into Tennessee and including a large portion of the present states of Kentucky and Tennessee. The company, known to history as the Transylvania Company, took possession under their title April 20, 1775, and on May 25, Judge Henderson, as president of the Transylvania Company, convened the first Legisla- tive assembly ever held west of the Alleghenies. In 1780 Judge Henderson encouraged the settle- ment at the French Lick, now Nashville, ana opened an office there for the sale of the lands. Not long after his return to North Carolina Rich- ard Henderson died at his home in Granville, Jan- uary 30, 1785. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth Keeling. He was survived by six children, Fanny, Richard, Archibald, Elizabeth, Leonard and John Lawson. The son, Leonard, afterward rose to distinction and became chief justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina. Archibald Henderson studied law with Judge WUliams and was admitted to the bar, locating soon afterward at Salisbury. He soon became prominent in public life and from 1799 to 1803 represented his district in Congress. He also repre- sented Salisbury in the State Legislature in 1807, 1808, 1809, 1814, 1819 and 1820. About the year 1800 he built a commodious frame house in colonial style, located on South Church street, and it is now owned and occupied by his grandson. Colonel Archibald Henderson Boyden. It was in this dignified old home that Archibald Henderson died. He married Sarah Alexander, daughter ol Colonel Moses Alexander, and sister of William Lee Alex.ander and of Governor Nathaniel Alex- ander. They reared two children, Archibald ana Jane, the latter becoming the wife of Dr. Lueco Mitchell and later of Judge Nathaniel Boyden. Joseph Gill Brown. A few of his old-time friends and associates have distinct recollections of Joseph Gill Brown in the capacity of bank clerk at Raleigh. Well informed people of the entire state and in fact the entire South hardly need to be reminded of his important relationships with the financial affairs of North Carolina and the nation at large. Joseph GUI Brown is without doubt one of the foremost bankers of the South, and his range of influence and activities has ex- tended to many other affairs. He was born at Raleigh November 5, 1854, a son of Henry Jerome and Lydia (Lane) Brown. His people have always been fairly well to do and liighly respected families. Some of his ancestors were prominent. His great-grandfather on the maternal side was James Lane, a brother of Joel Lane, who was the original owner of the site of Raleigh. Mr. Brown 's mother was born on the farm on which Raleigh now stands. Mr. Lane 's house in Bloomsbury, now included in the city, was the place of meeting for the Revolutionary Legis- lature in 1781. Another ancestor of Mr. Brown was Col. Needham Bryan of Johnston County. Colonel Bryan was a representative in the Provin- cial Congress and was an active supporter of the Patriot cause during the Revolution. Joseph G. Brown obtained his early education in private schools, in Lovejoy Academy, and com- pleted half of his sophomore year in Trinity Col- lege, which he left in 1872. Beginning as a clerk in the Citizens National Bank, in a little more than twenty years he had been promoted through the various grades of responsibility and since 1894 has been president of the Citizens National Bank and is also president of the Raleigh Savings Bank & Trust Company, whose combined resources now total more than $4,000,000. He was for years president of the Raleigh Clear- ing House Association, was president of the Jeffer- son Standard Life Insurance Company, is vice president of the Atlantic Fire Insurance Company, a director in the Carolina Division of the Southern Railway and president of the Carolina & Tennessee Southern Railway. Much of his experience and study of finance and business have been made available for others through his active associations with various public bodies. He was president of the North Carolina State Bankers Association in 1899-1900 and was a member of the executive committee of the Ameri- can Bankers Association for nine years and vice president for North Carolina of that association. Many times he has been called upon to make ad- dresses before the conventions of the American HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Bankers Association and his words are always heard as authoritative utterances on such questions as the economic and financial life of the South. He delivered one notable address before this asso- ciation at New Orleans in 1902 and was again a speaker in 1904. He was chairman of the com- mittee in cliarge of the National Emergency Cur- rency and is now chairman of the Liberty Loan Committee in charge of the campaign for the sale of Liberty Bonds in North Carolina. Mr. Brown has that breadth of mind and in- terest which his position as a leader in southern life would indicate. He is one of the most promi- nent Methodist laymen in the southern branch of the church. He was a member of the General Con- ference in 1898, 1902, 1906, 1910 and 1914, and was elected for the general conference of 1918 to convene in May of that year. For several years he was a member of the Epworth Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, was a delegate to the Missionary Ecumenical Conference at New York in 1900, and was appointed by the College of Bishops as delegate to the World's Ecumenical Conference at London in 1902. For several years he has been a steward at his home church in Raleigh, superintendent of the Sunday school, and is a trustee and treasurer of the Methodist Orphan- age. He is also a trustee of the Olivia Eaney Library, and was president of the Raleigh Asso- ciated Charities. For twenty-five years he served as treasurer of the City of Raleigh, has been a member of the Board of Aldermen, is president of the Board of Trustees' of Trinity College, and president of the Board of Trustees of the State Hospitals for In- sane. He is a member of the Raleigh Chamber of Commerce- and is one of the prominent Odd Fel- lows of the state, having served as grand master of the Grand Lodge and as representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge of the World. November 10, 1881, Mr. Brown married Miss Alice Burkhead, of Raleigh, daughter of Rev. L. S. Burkhead, D. D., a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Church South. They have four liring chil- dren: Josephine Lane, now Mrs. J. K. Doughton, of Richmond, Virginia, Robert Anderson, Bessie and Frank Burkhead Brown. Edwin Mich.iel Holt. Repeated _ references have been made in these pages to Edwin M. Holt as the founder of the old Alamance Mill at Bur- lington, where the first colored cotton fabric in the South was woven, and which was, in effect, the beginning of the great cotton mill industry of North Carolina, an industry which in the eighty years following the founding of the Alamance Mill has not merely grown but multiplied, and its mul- tiplication has been carried forward and stimulated by no one family so much as that of Edwin M. Holt, his son, grandsons and all the connections comprehended in the Holt family. Apart from the general interest that would demand something like an adequate review of the history of this man, his part in industrial North Carolina makes his personal record an indispensable chapter. The story as told here of his life and achievements is largely as it has been told before in the words of his kinsman Martin H. Holt, and as published some years ago. Edwin Miciiae! Holt was born January 14, 1807, in Orange, in what is now Alainance County, and died at his home at Locust Grove in Alamance County May 14, 1884, aged seventy-seven years and four months. His grandfather was Capt Michael Holt of Little Alamance, a man of promi- nence in the Revolutionary period. His parents were Michael and Rachael (Rainey) Holt. Hia father was a farmer, mechanic and merchant, his home being one mile south of Great Alamance Creek on the Salisbury and Hillsboro Road, where Edwin M. was born. Rachael Rainey has been de- scribed as a woman of queenly beauty coupled with strong common sense. Her parents were Benjamin and Nancy Rainey and her grand- parents, William and Mary Rainey. Beniamia Rainey was a minister of the Christian Church. Edwin M. Holt worked on the farm in the summer and attended district schools during the winter. From the routine of farm work and out- door life he developed robust health and the ability to work steadily at tasks, no matter how difficult, until they were finished. From the neighboring schools he obtained a fair English education, the ability to write a good hand and to keep books by the simple processes of that time. In addition to his farm work he spent much time in his father 's shops attached to the farm, developing his natu- rally fine mechanical talent, which had been char- acteristic of the Holts for several generations. Much of his success in life was due to the gentle, patient, energetic and cultured woman who became his wife, and for that reason it is necessary to mention his marriage almost at the beginning. Her maiden name was Emily Farish, descended from the Farish and Banks families of Virginia and daughter of a prosperous farmer of Chatham County, North Carolina. They were married Sep- tember 30, 1828. After his marriage Mr. Holt began handling a small farm and store near his father's home, and that was his modest station in life until 1836. He was endowed by nature as well as by train- ing in the qualities of a fine mind to become a pioneer in a new and broad industry. His biog- rapher stat<"s that while at the work of his store and farm he did not allow the happenings and movements of the outer world to pass unnoticed. He was a deep thinker, a logical reasoner, and had the ability to analyze and understand what he saw in the p>olitical and economic life of the country and nation. The fact that impressed him most was that the cotton mill owner of England and of New England, the merchant of London and of New York had grown rich through trade in a staple which was raised in abundance at his own door. This economic inconsistency of the pro- ducer not realizing to the full the advantages of his relation with the product has appealed to thousands of men both before and since the time of Edwin M. Holt, but the important fact with him is that his analysis and his power of action and resources enabled him to take steps to overcome this inconsistency and give to North Carolina cot- ton mills of its own that would rank not second to those of Fall River and Manchester. The story of this important industrial beginning is told in the words of one of his sons. Governor Thomas M. Holt: "About the year 1836 there was in Greensboro, North Carolina, a Mr. Henry Humphries who was engaged in running a. small cotton mill at that place by steam. Following the natural inclination of his mind for mechanical pursuits, my father made it convenient to visit Greensboro often, and as often as he went there he always made it his business and pleasure to call on Mr. Humphries. HISTOEY OF NORTH CAROLINA The two soon became good friemls. Tlic more my father saw of the workings of Mr. Humpliries' mill, the more conTinced he became that his own ideas were correct. Some time about the .year 1836 he mentioned the matter to his father, Michael Holt, hoping that the latter would approve of his plans, as at that time he owned a grist mill on Great Alamance Creek aljout one mile from liis home, the water power of the creek being sufficient to run both the grist mill and a small cotton factory. He reasoned that if his father would join him in the enterprise and erect the factory on his own site on the Alamance, success would be assured. But his father, a very cautious and con- servative man, bitterly opposed the scheme and did all that he could to dissuade his son from embarking in the enterprise. Not discouraged by this disappointment, lie next proposed to his brother-in-law, William A. Carrigan, to .join him. The latter considered tlie matter a long time, not being able to make up his mind as to what he would do. Finally, without waiting for his brother-in-law's answer, he went to Paterson, New Jersey, and gave tlie order for tlie machinery, not then knowing where lie would locate his mill. On his return from Paterson he stopped at Phila- delphia, where he met the late Chief Justice Thomas Ruffin. Judge Euffin at tliat time owned a waterpower and grist mill on Haw River, the jjlace now being known as Swepsonvillc, and he asked my father where he exjiected to locate his mill. My father replied that he wanted to put it at his father's mill site on Alamance Creek, but that the old gentleman was so much opposed to it that he might not allow it. Thereupon Judge Euffin said that he did not wish to interfere in any way witli any arrangements between him and his father, but if the latter held out his opposition he would l)e glad to have him locate his mill at his site on Haw River, that he would be glad to form a partnersliiji with him if he wished a partner, and that if he did not wish a partner, but wanted to borrow mone.y he would lend him as much as he wanted. When my father returned home and told his father of the conversation with Judge Ruffin, a man in whom both had unbounded confidence, and he saw that my father was determined to build a cotton factory, he proposed to let him have Ms water power on Alamance Creek and to become his partner in the enterprise. The latter part of the proposition was declined on account of his having previousl.y told his father that he would not involve him for a cent. The conversa- tion witli .Judge Ruffin was then repeated to liis brotherin-law, William A. Carrigan, who con- sented to enter into the partnership and join in the undertaking. They bought the water power on Great Alamance Creek from my grandfather at a nominal price, put up the necessary buildings and started the factory during the panic of 18.37. The name of the firm was Holt & Carrigan, and they continued to do business successfully from the start under this name until 1851. About this time Mr. Carrigan 's wife died, leaving five sons. Two of them had just graduated from the Uni- versity of Nortli Carolina, and concluding to go to the State of Arkansas, their father decided to go with them ; so he sold his interest in the busi- ness to my father. In the year 1853 there came to the mill a Frenchman who was a dyer. He pro- liosed to teach father how to color cotton yarn for the sum of a hundred dollars and his board. Father accepted his proposition and immediately set to work with such appliances as they could scrape up. There was an eighty-gallon copper boiler whicli my grandfather had used to boil pota- toes and turnips for his hogs, and a large cast- iron wash pot wliich happened to be in the store on sale at that time. With these implements was done the first dyeing south of the Potomac River for power looms. As speedily as possible a dye liouse was built and the necessary utensils for dyeing acquired. He then j>ut in some four-box looms and commenced the manufacture of the class of goods then and now known as 'Alamance Plaids.' I-'p to that time there had never been a yard of plaid or colored cotton goods woven on a power loom south of the Potomac River. When Holt & Carrigan started their factory they liegan with 528 spindles. A few years later sixteen looms were addeil. In 1861 such had been the growth of the business that there were in operation 1200 spindles and 96 looms, and to run these and the grist mill and saw mill exhausted all tlie power of the Great Alamance Creek on which they were located. My father trained all of his sons in the manufacturing business, and as we grew up we lirnnched out for ourselves and built other mills. But the plaid business of the Holt family and, I miglit add, of the South, had its l)eginning at this little mill on the banks of the Alamance with its little copper kettle and an ordinary wash pot. I am glad to be able to state tliat my grandfather, Michael Holt, who was so bitterly opposed to the inauguration of tlie enterprise and from whom my father never would borrow a cent or permit the endorsement of paper, lived to see and rejoice in the success of the enterprise. The mill ran twelve hours a day. I was only six years old when the mill started, and well do I remember sitting up with my mother waiting for my father to come home at night. In tlie winter time the mill would stop at seven o 'clock P. M. and thereafter my father would remain in the building for half an hour to see that all of the lamps were out and that the stoves were in such a condition that there would tie no danger of fire, and then he would ride one mile and a quarter to his home. In the morn- ing he would eat his breakfast by candle light and be at the mill at six-thirty o 'clock to start the machinery going. He kept this habit up for many years. ' ' I attribute the success which has crowned the efforts of his sons in the manufacturing of cotton goods to the earlj' training and business methods imparted to them in boyhood by their father, Edwin M. Holt." Edwin M. Holt not only founded a business of much promise and importance, but his sagacity and genius guided it through the critical period, and he trained and encouraged his sons and left to them the responsibility of continuing the up- building and the maintenance of industries which are now second to none in importance in the state, and which have grown from several hundred spindles and a few looms in the little old Alamance Mill to hundreds of thousands of spindles and thousands of looms in the plants operated and con- ducted by the Holts alone. Much of the char- acter and the extent of the Holt interests in the cotton mill industry of North Carolina must be reserved for telling in various other articles de- voted to Edwin Holt's sons and grandsons. Edwin M. Holt was not favorable to the seces- sion of North Carolina, and yet when the war be- came a fact he furnished three sons to the Con- HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA federate army. In 1866 he retired from the active management of tlie Alamance Mill and turned it over to his sons James H., William E., L. Banks, his son-in-law James N. Williamson, and reserved a fifth interest for his younger son, Lawrence S., xmtil his majority. He was always content to perform his service to the world as to liis family through his mills and his industry. The only politic-al ofSce he ever accepted was that of asso- ciate judge of the County Court. He was an en- thusiastic advocate of internal improvements. After the war, when the state treasury was ex- hausted, he contrihuted generously for the main- tenance of the North Carolina Railroad. At one time he loaned the road $70,000 without security in order to pay the mechanics in the shops. He was a director and large stockholder in the road. He was associated with his sons in establishing tlie Commercial National Bank of Charlotte. Edwin M. Holt was a type of the old fashioned com- mercial integrity. He was never a speculator, and his generous fortune grew from honest and legiti- mate effort and the practice of commercial virtues which are as valid today as they have been in all the centuries past. Like all successful men, he had some business principles which he expressed through maxims. One was ' ' You will have your good years and your bad years; stick to business." Another was: ''Put your profits into your busi- ness. ' ' While building up the cotton mill industry of North Carolina and engaged in a tremendous task and one worthy of his best interests and power, it is said that his chief inspiration for all his success was his love and devotion to his wife and children. He and his wife had ten children, their names being in order of birth: Alfred Augustus, Thomas Michael, James Henry, Alexander, Frances Ann, who married John L. Williamson, William Edwin, Lynn Banks, Mary Elizabeth, who married James N. Williamson, Emily Virginia, who mar- ried J. W. White, and Lawrence Shackleford. For some of his ideals and for a summing up of his character the following direct quotations are made: "His ideas were patriarchal. He thought fami- lies should hold together, build u]i mutual in- terests and be true to one another. Nor was this a Utopian dream of Edwin M. Holt. It was a con- viction Iporn of his experience and observation of human life. It was also an inheritance. It had been the idea of his father, Michael Holt, it was the idea of his grandfather. Captain Michael Holt. It was the idea of his maternal ancestry, the Eaineys. If he had not been strengthened by his •own experience and observation, tie would still have probably listened to the teaching of his fathers. He liad seen members of families going •out in divergent directions from the old home- stead, the title to estates disappear and the ties of affection weaken, family pride lost and mutual aid and influence impossible. He believed ' in union there is strength, ' hence it was his idea that his children should settle around him, and that they should do so in honor and in charge of successful business enterprises. ' ' Great as Edwin M. Holt 's life was as a pioneer in a branch of our state 's material de- velopment which is playing so important a part in its growth and prosperity today, he was greater as a man. Back of the power to plan and project successful enterprises, to build up his own fortunes and to make his name a household word in homes where fathers recount the great deeds of great men in civic life, was Edwin M. Holt, the man. He was modest, unassiuning, silent, ofttimes to a remarkable degree, seeking success not for its ovni sake, but for his children's and for humanity's, turning a deaf ear to appeals from admiring friends and neighbors to allow his name to go before the people for public oflice. But there slumliered the irresistible power of resolute, moral manhood behind his quiet face; and he would have been at ease, aye, and welcome, in the society not only of the world's greatest men in busi- ness, but also in politics and religion. He was a lifedong friend of Governor John M. Morehead, Chief Justice Thomas Ruffin, Frank and Henry Fries, the Camerons, and others of the state 's greatest men in the various callings of life, and was easily the peer of any of them. "Edwin M. Holt was * truly unselfish man. A beautiful loyalty and love for his older brother, William Rainey Holt, marked his entire life. Ac- cording to English customs, the "family pride set- tled ill the eldest son. William was sent to Chapel Hill, where he graduated with honor, then to Philadelphia, where he took his medical degree in the greatest school on the continent at that time. On his return to the state and upon his marriage, he was given some of the most choice and valuable property belonging to the estate. All this time Edwin was working on the farm faithfully, contentedy, and feeling an exaltation of spirit in his brother William "s success. This self- abnegation of spirit and loyalty to his brother lasted throughout his whole life, altered neither by distances nor circumstance. They often saw tilings differently; William was a great and bril- liant talker; Edwin was a great listener. William was an ardent democrat and . secessionist ; Edwin was equally as strong a whig and a Union man. But they never quarreled. Edwin only listened and smiled or his face gi-ew grave, and the hand clasp that followed was that of loving brothers. ' ' As he grew older benevolence and patience and tenderness for children and love of humanity de- veloped more and more in his heart and life and was reflected from his quiet face. Fortune had smiled on the struggles of his hand and head in his youth and manhood, and when age approached he accepted its infirmities with calm resignation." James Henky Holt. Of that historic family of Holts that supplied much of the original genius, determination, power and enthusiasm to the up- building and maintenance of the cotton industries of North Carolina, one whose career was most fruitful in its individual achievements and also in carrying out the work begun by his honored father, Edwin M. Holt, founder of the historic Alamance Mills at Burlington, was James Henry Holt, third son of Edwin M. and Emily (Farish) Holt. He was born at the old Holt home.stead in Alamance County April 4, 1833, and died at his home in Burlington February 13, 1897. Besides the advantages of the local schools he spent a year or so beginning in 1848 as a student in Dr. Alexander Wilson's famous preparatory school. In 1850, though only seventeen years of age, he entered business as a copartner with his oldest brother, Alfred Holt, and this firm of merchants built and occupied a house which is still standing on the northwest corner of the Court House Square at Graham. In 1852, though still under age, James H. Holt was made cashier of the Bank of Alamance at HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Graham. This position supplied him his chief duties until 1862, when he became cashier of a bank at ThomasviUe. In the spring of 1864 Mr. Holt resigned his position in civil life to volunteer in the Confederate army. He was assigned to the Tenth North Carolina Artillery and stationed at Fort Fisher in the eastern part of the state. He was there until late in the year 1864, when Governor Vance commissioned him captain and ordered him to report at Fayetteville, to become commandant of the Military Academy there. It was the service of this commission which occupied him to the end of the war. While in the army he did his whole duty, regardless of his own personal preference in the matter. On being ordered to Fayetteville his colonel spoke of the fact that he was beiug taken from what promised soon to be scenes of excitement. To this Mr. Holt replied : ' ' Colonel, I regret to leave, but you know I have always obeyed orders. ' ' And to this the colonel replied : ' ' That is true, Holt, you have been one of the most dutiful and competent soldiers in my command." With the close of the war James H. Holt, having returned to Alamance County, joined with his brothers and under the guidance of his honored father, Edwin M. Holt, became active in the management of the old Alamance Cotton Mills. James H. Holt was one whose initiative and energy did so much to expand and develop the interests of the Holt family as cotton manufacturers. It was largely his judgment and his influence with other members of the family that caused the Holts to purchase the site known as the Carolina Cotton Mills, where in 1867 the construction of a new plant was begun. At that time the science of mill construction as measured by modern attainments was almost unknown, and while Major J. W. Wilson made the survey for the water power, it was James H. Holt who gave his entire time and attention to supervising the construction and equipment of the plant. Later this became one of the most successful mills in the South and was one of the foundation stones of the Holt family pros- perity. Mr. Holt managed these mills until his death under the name J. H. and W. E. Holt & Company. The mill was operated without any architectural change whatever until 1904, showing that he not only "builded wisely but well." Just above the Carolina Mills in 1879 Mr. Holt and his brother W. E. Holt bought the mill site and built the Glencoe Mills, and he continued active in their management for many years. It is said that he never forgot his early training and fondness for the banking business, and until the late years of his life he remained a director and chairman of the examining board of the Com- mercial National Bank of Cliarlotte, his life and services contributing much to the splendid success of the institution. Even in such a brief outline it is possible to indicate the great material results that came from his genius as an industrial builder and manager, but there should be some effort to recall some of the dominant traits of his personal character, since it was character with him, as with all men, that stands Viehind and .above material achievement. One who knew him and had studied his career many years has said : ' ' Mr. Holt not only adopted honesty as a policy, but to him it was a very basic principle, never to be swerved from even by so much as a hair 's breadth. His life and its success in the business world is, as it should be, a sermon and an inspiration not only to his sons, but to all young men, on honesty, clean living and right thinking. Whatever was for the building up and development of his state, section and county, that he was interested in and to that he lent his aid and gave counsel and support. He prospered, and with his o-svn he brought prosperity to others and developed the resources of his section. Mr. Holt had that charity which vaunteth not itself. One who has lived here as the writer has for many years, among the people with whom he worked, hears many times, from grateful recipients, of the charity dispensed by this good man that would ne\er have been known save for this telling by those who received. Mr. Holt himself never spoke of these acts, and so far as a sign from him was concerned, when they were done, they were for- gotten and no obligations were incurred. One of his chief outstanding characteristics was his uni- versal friendliness. It seemed that people, and particularly young men, instinctively saw in him a friend. He never failed them." Mr. Holt became identified early in life with the Presbyterian Church at Graham. He served that church as an elder and later was an elder and an active leader in the Presbyterian Church at Burl- ington. Politically he was a democrat, did much to hold up the party cause, and only his personal preferences stood in the way of his selection for some of the higher offices of community and state. On January 15, 18.56, Mr. Holt married Laura Cameron Moore, of Caswell County. They led an ideal married life and their home was all that a home should be. They reared the following chil- dren: Walter L. Holt, Edwin C. Holt, Samuel M. Holt, James H. Holt, Robert L. Holt, William I. Holt, Ernest A. Holt and Daisy L. Holt, who mar- ried Walter G. Green. Comment has been made upon the fact of Mr. Holt's wisdom and discretion in choosing to a large degree his own executors by setting up his sons in business while he lived to give them aid and counsel. Thus the son Walter L. became president of the Holt-Morgan, Holt- Williamson, and Lakewood Mills; E. C. Holt, of the Elmira and Delgado Mills; Samuel M. Holt was connected with the Lakeside Mills; James H., Jr., with the Windsor Mills; Robert L., with the Glencoe Mills; W. I. Holt, with the Lakeside Mills; and Ernest A., with the Elmira Mills. Edwin Cameron Holt. No small share of the remarkable genius for industrial organization and building associated with the Holt family in gen- eral has been possessed and exemplified by Edwin Cameron Holt, who is a grandson of the pioneer cotton mill man, Edwin M. Holt, whose record of achievement is taken care of on other pages, and is the second son of James Henry and Laura (Cameron) Holt, a sketch elsewhere being given of his honored father. Edwin Cameron Holt was born at Graham, North Carolina, May 11, 1861. He was educated in private schools, at the age of fourteen entered the Findley High School at Lenoir in Caldwell County, and in 1877 enrolled as a student in Da- vidson College. After completing his junior year he left college on account of ill health and soon afterward found practical employment under his father in the Carolina Cotton Mills near Graham. His father was a very forceful and practical business man and possessed imusual wisdom in dealing with his sons. One of his characteristics was exemplifying the principle that all work is honorable, and in accordance with this principle he set tasks for his sons at hard labor in the HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 9 garden and at the mill, and Edwin Holt spent many hours and days in occupations which some sons of wealthy men would have deemed menial and beneath them. Having served his apprenticeship in the cotton mill industry, Edwin C. Holt in 1887, with his brother Walter L., built the Elmira Cotton Mills in Burlington. This was a successful institution from the beginning, and the brothers, acting npon advice from their father, reinvested the profits in extensive enlargements and additions. In 1893 these two brothers built the Lakeside Mills, near the Elmira Mills. In 189.5 they built the Holt- Morgan Mills at Fayetteville. The two brothers were very close partners in their various enter- prises and in the course of years built up indus- tries which represented working capital and surplus of over $1,000,000. Until 1895 Edwin C. Holt had his home and his chief activities in his native county of Alamance. In the latter year, recognizing the gi'eat natural advantages at Wilmington in the matter of cheap raw material and advantageous freight rates, Edwin C. Holt built the Delgado Mills in that city. These were splendidly equipped and added a great deal to the industrial prosperity of the city. The imjiortant business interests of Mr. Holt's later years have been represented as presi- dent of the Delgado Mills at Wilmington, president of the Lakeside Mills, vice president and manager of the Elmira Mills, vice president of the Holt- Morgan Mills at Fayetteville, director of the People's S.avings Bank at Wilmington, director of the Commercial National Bank at Charlotte. At the death of his father he was made chainnan of the examining board of the Commercial National Bank of Charlotte. One of the forces which have actuated and im- pelled him during much of his business and per- sonal career has been an ambition to l^e worthy of his father in integrity and manliness, and this ambition has been reflected and has brought results not only in many sturdy enterprises, but in a kindly humanitarian helpfulness and a looking out for the interests and welfare of the hundreds of individuals and families who get their living from the industries controlled and directed by him. For three years Mr. Holt served as captain of the Burlington Lieht Infantry. He is a Royal Arch and Knight Templar Mason, and a member and deacon of the Presbyterian Church. Con- cerning his persona] character for trutlifulness and fidelity, a biographer once told the following story as an illustration: "The late Governor Thomas M. Holt on one occasion, while engaged in the consideration of a serious and embarrassing business problem, tried to find the truth of a cer- tain situation. Some one remarked that Ed Holt said that a certain fact was true; the governor spoke with an expression of evident relief: "That settles the question ; if Ed Holt says it is so, it is true. ' ' He has had a congenial home life. April 19, 189.'!, he married Dolores Delgado Stevens, daugh- ter of Bishop Peter Faysoux Stevens, of Charles- ton. South Carolina, and a granddaughter of Bishop William Capers, of South Carolina. They have one daughter, Dolores Stevens Holt. James Henry Holt, of Burlington, is one of the grandsons of Edwin M. Holt, ami has been true to the traditions and the ideals of the family and has kept his own career closely identified with the gi-eat cotton mill industry. He was born in Davidson County, North Caro- lina, October 27, 1864, a son of James Henry and Laura Cameron (Moore) Holt. His father was long distinguished as a cotton mill man and also a banker. The son was liberally educated, attend- ing high school at Lenoir, Lynch 's School at High Point, North Carolina, Horner's Military School, and the University of North Carolina. He served his apprenticeship as a cotton manufacturer at Glencoe Mills and is now vice-president of that industry, one of the largest comprised within the Holt interests. In 1890 he built the Windsor Cot- ton Mills at Burlington. For years he has been secretary and treasurer of the Elmira mills and is now vice president, is secretary and treasurer of the Lakeside mills, is president of the Alamance Loan and Trust Bank and has other business interests too numerous to mention. Mr. Holt has always been deeply interested in military matters. His service was witli the Third Eegiment, North Carolina National Guard. He was lieutenant, later captain, of Company F, and during the Spanish-American war lie undertook to raise a company for one of the state volunteer regiments, but found the quota filled, and while he thus did not have the satisfaction of leading a company in that brief war, he gladly turned over his recruits to another reg^iment. During the administration of Governor Carr he served on the governor's staff as aid de camp with the rank of colonel. Mr. Holt is a vestryman of the Episcopal Church at Burlington. February 27, 1901, he married Olive Joyner, daughter of Charles G. and Sarah (Parish) Joyner, of Baltimore, Maryland. Her family is a prominent one of Balti- more and her father was a wholesale merchant there. Mr. and Mrs. Holt have one child, Mar- garet Elizabeth. Robert Lacy Holt, of Burlington, hardly needs any identification as one of the prominent figures in the cotton mill industry of North Carolina, but it is appropriate to indicate his relationship to the family in general by saying that he is fourth son of the late James Henry Holt of Burlington, who in turn was one of the sons of Edwin M. Holt, founder of the historic Alamance Cotton Mills and one of the greatest figures in the industrial life of the South. Robert Lacy Holt was born at Thomasville in Davidson County, North Carolina, January 7, 1867. He received his early advantages at Graham, at- tended Horner's School at Oxford, and from there entered the State University. At the end of two years his eagerness to enter the business world made him dissatisfied with the quiet routine of university life, and, returning home, was permitted by his father to enter the office of the Glencoe Cotton Mills, of which his father was then man- ager. His father was keenly interested in his developing talents and gave him every opportunity to assume larger responsibilities and he very soon put him in as general manager of the Carolina Cotton Mills, and with that institution he laid the basis of his wonderful success as a cotton man- ufacturer. For many years he was closely associated with his brother J. H. Holt, Jr. In 1890 they built the Windsor Cotton Mills at Burlington, and for many years these were operated by R. L. and J. H. Holt, Jr. Robert L. Holt in the meantime gave much of his attention to the duties as active man- ager of the Glencoe Cotton Mills, and at the death of his father was put in active charge and had the 10 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA entire management of the Glencoe, Alamance, Caro- lina and Elmira Cotton Mills. AH of these mills prospered and improved, but in 1902, having ae- qxiired the majority of stock in the Glencoe Mills, he resigned his management of other mills to give all his time to the Glencoe property. Those mills have since more than doubled in size and capacity, and are recognized as one of the most complete and efficient cotton mills of the state. The secret of his success as a cotton mill execu- tive is found in the words of a biographer, who says: "Mr. Holt is a good exemplification of the maxim, ' absolute accurate knowledge is power. ' He knows the cotton business, not with an un- certain, wavering kind of knowledge, but abso- lutely. He has made it a special study, and the writer has been frequently struck, when hearing the figures of cotton production, acreage, and the like under discussion, to see the absokite accuracy of Mr. Holt 's knowledge. With this accurate in- formation always at his command, and with the training that has come from his years in the cotton Ijusiness, it is no wonder he succeeds. It would be the wonder were it otherwise. ' ' While so much of his time in recent years has been given to the management of the Glencoe Cot- ton Mills, Mr. Holt has also been a director of the Alamance Loan and Trust Company, the largest bank in the county, in the Elmira and Lakeside Cotton Mills, and is president of the Home Insur- ance Company of Greensboro. Public ofBce has never been of his seeking, though he has reudered splendid service to the cause of the democratic party. Only once did he aijpear as a factor in practical politics, in 1904, when he went as a dele- gate from his district to the national convention. In a public way he has served as a director of the Western Hospital for the Insane at Morganton and chairman of the Highway Commission of Ala- mance County, but through the prosperous and wise management of large business interests has Tjeen contributing his biggest and best service to state and community. Even his recreations represent a degree of pro- ductiveness which many men would regard as a successful independent business. Mr. Holt has for many years been one of the largest land owners in Alamance County, and the lands constituting his farm have been conducted on a scale that is at once business like and a source of example and encouragement to the general agricultural and stock husbandry interests of the state. His farms around Glencoe Mills have been stocked with blooded hogs, sheep and cattle, and he developed a Iierd of registered Devons probably unexcelled in the state. Mr. Holt 's country home, at which many of his friends have had delightful enter- tainment, is widely known as ' ' Fort Snug. ' ' He has always been a lover of fine horses, and has owned some animals that have made more than local records on the lace course. Of the dealings with his fellow men some one has said that, like 'his honorable father, he " is a man to whom others instinctively turn in a time of trouble, certain that they will find in him a friend. He does charity, but one must learn of it from the outspoken gratitude of the recipients, because in this, again like his father, he is secret, gaining his reward from his personal knowledge of the good done. ' ' Lynn Banks Holt is one of the oldest surviv- ing members of a family that might with eminent fitness be regarded as the cornerstone of Xorth Carolina's greatness and prosperity as a cotton manufacturing state. He is sixth among the sons of Edwin M. Holt, founder of the old Alamance Cotton Mill at Burlington. The history of other memljers of the family is told elsewhere. Lynn Banks Holt was born near Graham in Alamance County June 28, 1842. His life ahnost to the age of nineteen was spent without special incident and alternating between a home of solid comfort and the advantages of some of the best schools of North Carolina. He attended Prof. Alexander Wilson 's School at Hawfield and in 1859 entered the Military Academy near Hillsboro conducted by Col. C. C. Tew. While these institu- tions gave him a thorough discipline of mind he was getting the equivalent of what is in modern times known as vocational training by work under his father 's eye in the cotton mill. From the roaitine and studies of Hillsboro Miltary Academy he responded to the tocsin of war at the bombardment of Fort Sumter and enlisted as a private in the Orange Guards. His experi- ence in drill resulted in his appointment as drill master in a company of the Sixth Regiment com- manded by Colonel Fisher. He was with that regiment in Virginia until after the battle of Manassas. October 20, 1861, he was appointed second lieutenant in Company I, Eighth Regi- ment, North Carolina State Troops, commanded by Colonel Shaw. From that time forward lie was a member of Clingman 's famous brigade, and later was made first lieutenant of his company. He was in the battle of Roanoke Island, was stationed at Charleston during the spring and summer of 1863, and is one of the last survivors of that famous defense of Battery Wagner. Later he was with liis regiment in the capture of Plymouth, in the battle of Drury 's Bluff, which saved Richmond from the army of Butler, and was with Hoke at Cold Harbor. After Cold Harbor, when General Grant changed his plan of attack and launched his blow against Petersburg, Lieutenant Holt was one of the defenders wlio turned aside that blow, and in the battle of that day he was wounded in the face and has ever since carried the scar. On September 29, 1864, he again commanded his com- pany in the assault on Fort Harrison. The histor- ian of Clingman 's Brigade states that about a third of those in the charge were either killed or wounded. ' ' Among the wounded and captured were Capt. William H. S. Burgwyn and First Lieut. L. Banks Holt, commanding Company I, Eighth Regiment. Lieutenant Holt was shot through the thigh and the bone fractured, entail- ing a long and painful recovery. He was con- fined at Fort Delaware jirison until released in June, I860." It thus fell to his lot to lead his company in one of the most terrific assaults of the entire war, but that was only the crowning achievement of a record filled with constant hero- ism and fidelity to the cause which he loved and for which he sacrificed so much. .June 16, 1865, on being released from Fort Delaware, he set out for home and undismayed by the general devastation that met his eyes and that presented a picture of almost complete economic overthrow throughout the South, he ac- cepted the inevitable and went to work in the old Alamance cotton mills under his father. More than half a century has passed since then and every one of those fifty years has its story of achievement, industrial advancement and new and large contributions to the fame of the Holt family and to the prosperity of tlie South in general. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 11 Mr. L. Banks Holt has been one of the most prominent among the various Holts in the upbuild- ing of cotton mills and other industries of North Carolina. Individually he has been owner, director or stockholder in a number of cotton miUs, and is sole owner and proprietor of the Oneida Mills at Graham, one of the largest individual cotton mills in the South, is owner of the Bellemont Cotton Mills at Graham, the Carolina Cotton Mills and the Alamance Cotton Mills. All these mills are now incorporated under the name of L. Banks Holt Manufacturing Company. The ownership of the Alamance Mills involves a great sentimen- tal value, since it is in effect the parent of all the cotton mills of the Holt family and almost of the cotton mill industry of the state. Among other important business interests that have taken his time and ability in recent years, Mr. Holt is president of the E. M. Holt Plaid Mills of Burlington ; a stockholder in the Mineola Cotton Mills at Giljsonrille, and the Morehead Cotton Mills, is a stockholder in the Commercial Bank of Cliarlotte and a stockhohler in the Bank of ^\Jamance in his home town. He is alsS) a stock- holder in the North Carolina Railway Company. For years Mr. Holt has been an elder and a faithful member of the Presbyterian Cliurch at Graham. He is a sincere Cliristian and has ex- em|ilified his faith by practical devotion to the welfare of humanity and by a full sense of stew- ardship as the owner and proprietor of a large individual estate. Politically he is a democrat, but public life has had no attractions for him and he has done his part to the state and nation through the activities of the various industries which he has managed so fruitfully and well. Mr. Holt was one of the prime movers in the graded schools at Graham, his home town, and started the library fund with a donation of $1,000 in conjunction with the school. October 26, 186.5, soon after his return home from the war, Mr. Holt married Miss Mary C. Mebane. Her father was Hon. Giles Mebane of Caswell. To their marriage were born eight chil- dren, five of whom lived to middle age. L.\WRENCE Sn.\CKLEFORD HoLT. With North Carolina the home of more cotton mills and in- dustries than any other state in the Union, there is every valid reason why a large number of the prominent business men mentioned in these pages are owners, managers, and department officials of this industry. In the case of Lawrence Shackle- ford Holt, of Burlington, it is not sufficient to refer to him indiscriminatingly as a highly suc- cessful cotton mill owner. His relation to this primary industry of North Carolina is a more im- portant one than as a director and operator of mills and all the resources and personnel that go with them. Mr. Holt has apparently been guided by unusual- ly high ideals and a powerful and fundamental sense of stewardship, so that his attitude has not been strictly regulated in the rigid caste of the owner and employer. He has for years recognized the vital interest that the workers have in in- dustry and that the mill owner has higher inter- ests than merely to see that the processes of his industry are mechanically perfect and efficient, and that with the payment of standard wages the par- ticipation of the employer in the life and welfare of his employes ceases. Por all his other varied interests and material achievements the distinction which means most among the people at large and which will be long- est associated with Mr. Holt is that he was the first maniifacturer iu the South voluntarily to shorten the hours of labor. The first step he took in this direction was iu 1886, and the second in 1902. The particular facts in the matter are told in a sketch which was written of Mr. Holt several years ago, as follows : ' ' He was the first person in tlie South to pay the wages of his employes in cash. This system was inaugurated by him short- Iv after he started the Bellemont Mills and was soon after adopted by other mills, which had up to that time paid off in barter and store accounts. He was the first manufacturer in the South to ''orten tlie hours of labor from twelve to eleven hours a day, and this schedule, inaugurated at the Aurora Mills on September 6, 1886, was soon after adopted by other mills. In 1902 the Aurora Mills made a further reduction of from eleven to ten hours a day, and it was the first of the mills of the South to inaugurate this schedule. Thus it may be said that Mr. Holt was twice first in re- ducing the hours of labor of the thousands of cotton mill operatives in the South." In his career he has justified an->old fashioned phrase of being the great son of a great father. The originator of so much that has been distinc- tive in the cotton mill industry of the South, and tlie founder of tlie famous old Alamance Mill at Burlington was his honored father, Edwin M. Holt, whose career and achievements are repre- sented elsewhere in these pages. Lawrence Chackleford Holt was the youngest son of Edwin M. and Emily (Parish) Holt, and was born at the old homestead of his father at Locust Grove in Alamance County, May 17, 18.51. His early training and education was re- ceived in a celebrated school conducted by Alex- ander Wilson at Melville in Alamance County, and afterwards in the Horner Military School at Ox- ford under Professor J. H. Horner .and one year in Davidson College. It was the earnest wish of his father that he would complete a college career, but his eagerness to get into business life caused him to leave school in 1869 and go to Charlotte and take the management of a wholesale grocery busi- ness owned by his father. While at Charlotte, recognizing the needs of the city for increased banking facilities, he brought about in 1874, with the assistance of his father and brothers, the or- ."■nnization of the Commercial National Bank of Charlotte. The majority of the capital stock of this well known institution has always been held by the Holt family. It is a bank that has long stood first on the honor roll of national banks in Notth Carolina, with a capital stock of $.500,- 000 and a surplus of more than $2.50,000. Lawrence S. Holt was a director in this bank for many years, though his other interests finally made it necessary to resign any part or role as an active director. In 1873 he received from his father a fifth in- terest in the Alamance and the Carolina Cotton mills, and from that time forward he was actively identified with the cotton mill industry. He assist- ed in managing and operating the Alamance aJid Carolina Cotton Mills until 1879. Then, with his brother, L. Banks Holt, he built the Bellemont Cotton Mills at Bellemont, located accessible to a water power on the Alamance River about two miles south of the old Alamance Mills. This was his first individual undertaking of importance in the cotton mill industry. He displayed at that 12 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA time much of the broad ability which has ever sinc-e characterized him, and was his own archi- tect, engineer and contractor at the erection of the mills, which was successful from the very start. He finally sold his interests to his brother L. Banks Holt. In 188.S he organized and built the E. M. Holt Plaid Mills at Burlington, and cau.sed these mills to lie named in honor of his father. He was president of the company and had as active man- ager of the mills for many years his brother-in- law, William A. Erwin, who accjuired much of that training and ex]3prience which has since made him eminent in the cotton mill industry of the South while with the Holt Plaid Mills. In 1884 Mr. Holt with his brother L. Banks Holt and his brother-in-law, John Q. Gant bought the Altamaliaw Cotton Mills on Haw River, about six miles north of Elon College. This small plant was greatly enlarged and for many years has been a highly efficient and profitable mill, now con- ducted ijy the Holt, Gant & Holt Cotton Manufac- turing Company. In 1885 Mr. Holt bought the Lafayette Cotton Mills at Burlington, then a bank- rupt institution, and he changed them to the Aurora Cotton Mills and put them in the front rank of cotton mills of the state, their special fame over the dry goods field being due to the cel- ebrated Aurora plaids. On October 1, 189fi, Mr. Holt admitted to part- nership, with him his two oldest sons, Erwin Allen and Eugene, while on October 1, 190.5, his young- est son, Lawrence S., Jr., also became a partner. These sons were brought into the active manage- ment of Mr. Holt 's various cotton mill interests, and through them he was gradually able to retire from the heavier responsibilities of executive di- rection. The firm thus established was Lawrence S. Holt & Sons. In 1905 this company bought the Hiawatha Cotton Mills at Gibsonville, North Carolina, and after extensive changes and new ecpiinment in the plant the name was changed to the Gem Cotton Mills. Mr. Holt still remains as senior member of the Lawrence S. Holt & Son, but more and move in passing years has shifted the burden of active management of affairs to his sons and the leisure thus created has been used by him to attend to many private interests, in indulgence in philanthropy and especially in ex- tended travel. He and his family have been all over North America and have toured Europe and Oriental countries several times. Mr. Holt is one of the incorporators and a director of the Durham & Soutliern Railway Company, was for a number of years a director and active in financial atfairs of the North Carolina Railway Company, and is in- terested in a numlier of the leading indu.stries of the state besides those specifically mentioned. A character portrait of Mr. Holt was drawn by a eomnetent biographer a few years ago in the following words: "Lawrence S. Holt is a distinct personality. There is an impression given to the observer of mental and physical vigor and strength. He is a positive character, active, alert and progressive. His whole being is vibrant with dominant energy, sound judgment and splendid business acumen. He has a genius for doing well and promptly all that he undertakes, is exact, systematic and far- seeing, and every enterprise planned by him has without exception been successful. Like his father, he has a keen sense of humor and greatly enjoys a good anecdote. Painstaking and unsparing of his strength and intellect, he exjiects from all others tlie same unswerving attention and devo- tion to duty which is present in him to such a great extent. While exacting, he is not a hard taskmaster, because he never believes in doing any- thing which is unnecessary. He has often said tliat 'the groans of creation are enough without adding t/i them. ' He has always abhorred waste, destruction, idleness and improvidence, and en- couraged and commended thrift, economy and good management. He believes in keeping everything up to the highest possible degree of efficiency and has accomplished this as much by his own example as by his splendid management, for per- sons associated with him who did not properly take advantage of their opportunities or realize their responsibilities were soon made to feel asliamed by the example set before them in their liead. He is an ideally devoted husband and father, never sparing himself fatigue or hardship that he might lavish on those he loves the best that life can atford. As a loyal and generous son of the church hg has given without ostentation or pub- iicity freely and cheerfully to the support of her various institutions. Any one really deserving could always rely upon him as a friend who would advise them wisely and without prejudice, and the number of persons to whom he has lent financial aid is legion. He has a profound reverence and respect for both of his parents, to whom he refers as the most wonderful couple he ever knew. ' ' Mr. Holt has always frankly given credit to the devotion, sympathy, help and good example of his wife as a source of constant help and inspira- tion to him at all times. Mrs. Holt before her marriage was Margaret Locke Erwin. They were married April 2, 1872. She is a daughter of Col. Joseph J. and Elvira (Holt) Erwin, of Belle- \'ue, near Morganton, North Carolina. After his marriage Mr. Holt became a member of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church, and was chiefly instru- mental in the erection and subsequent mainte- nance of St. Athanasins Church at Burlington, of which he was for years a vestryman. Mr. and Mrs. Holt 's oldest daughter, Emily Farish, died in 1882, at the age of five and a half years. The six living children are Erwin Allen, Eugene, Margaret Erwin, Florence E. Lawrence S., Jr., and Bertha Harper. Concerning his sons and their successful positions in life more partic- ular reference is made on other pages. Erwin Allen Holt, son of Lawrence and Mar- garet Locke Erwin Holt, was born near Morganton in Burke County, North Carolina, November 11, 187.3. He was educated in private schools and the Episcopal High School at Alexandria, Virginia, in the Franklin School at Washington, District of Columbia, and in the Raveneroft School of Ashe- ville. North Carolina. He grew up in the atmos- ]ihere of cotton mills and as member of a family with a particular mission in the cotton mill in- dustry of the South. He recognized his vocations and the opportunities presented him by his father, who as the sons came to majority prepared places for them in his business. He entered business September 12, 1892, in the office of the E. M. Holt Plaid Mill. Burlington, North Carolina. On Octo- ber 1, 189fi, Erwin A. Holt was admitted to part- nership in the firm of Lawrence S. Holt & Sons and had already gained considerable practical experi- ence in the family business in the Aurora Cotton Mills. As member of this firm he has had a part HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 13 in the management of its various interests, includ- ing the Gem Cotton Mills of Gibsonville, North Carolina, also interested in the Sevier Cotton Mills at Kings Mountain, the Holt, Gant & Holt Cotton Manufacturing Company at Altamahaw, and is a director in tliese various industries. Mr. Holt is an Episcopalian and of the broadest type and has been a vestryman since 1S92 and senior warden since 1901. On June 16, 1903, he married Mary Warren Davis, of Ealeigh. Mr. Holt is an amateur student of history and has done much to encourage interest in some of those scenes and events which in North Carolina have not re- ceived the appreciation they deserve. He has been especially interested in what is called by some "the first battle of the Revolution," otherwise known as the battle of Alamance, fought near Bur- lington, North Carolina, May 16, 1771, between the Regulators or Carolina Patriots and an over- whelming force of British under the command of Governor Tryon. Mr. Holt is an independent and state democrat, but always a stanch supporter of Roosevelt, and especially in 1912, and was a delegate to the National Convention in Chicago in 1916 which nominated Roosevelt. When Roosevelt declined Mr. Holt turned his support to Wilson. Eugene Holt was born in Alamance County at the residence of his grandfather, Edwin M. Holt, on August 31, 187.5. He is the son of Lawrence S. and Margaret Locke (Erwin) Holt. He was educated under private tutors, in schools at Washington, D. C, Episcopal High School near Alexandria, Virginia,' and Ravencroft High School, Asheville, North Carolina. On July 1, 1893, he went to work under his father and on October 1, 1896, was admitted to partnership in the firm of Lawrence S. Holt & Sons. He has been active in the management of this firm, who owns the Aurora Cotton Mills, Burlington, North Carolina, and Gem Cotton Mills, Gibsonville, North Carolina, He is also secretary and treasurer of the Sevier Cotton Mills Company, Kings Mountain, North Carolina. Mr. Holt has been identified with the building up of Burlington, his home town, ami his county, having served as alderman, member of various commissions, and school board trustees. He is a member of the Episcopal Church. On Qptober 25, 1895, he was married to Miss Edna Barnes, daughter of Lemuel Franklin and Annie (Ball) Barnes, of Richmond, Virginia. They have one child, Anne Erwin Holt. Lawrence Schackleford Holt, Jr., youngest son of the eminent North Carolinian whose name he bears, was born at Burlington, North Carolina, November 19, 1883. Carefully reared and edu- cated, he attended public schools, Horner's Mili- tary Institute, and graduated from the University of North Carolina with the class of 1904. Turn- ing his mind to the serious work of life, he was employed as clerk in his father's cotton manufac- turing business, and on October 1, 1905, was ad- mitted to a partnership in the firm of Lawrence S. Holt & Sons, an organization in which he has since borne a share of executive responsibilities. He is a director of the Aurora Cotton Mills and the Gem Cotton Mills, is president of the Sevier Cotton Mills at Kings Mountain, vice president of the Holt. Gant & Holt Cotton Manufacturing Com- pany at Altamahaw, and is a director of the Erwin Yarn Agency, Incorporated, at Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania. From March, 1911, to December 1, 1913, Mr. Holt was a resident of Norfolk, Virginia, living in that city in order the better to attend to his duties as secretary and treasurer of the Union Cotton Bagging Corporation. Since 1913 he has resumed his residence at Burlington. December 5, 1905, he married Elizabeth S. Bill, of Spencer, Virginia. She died March 4, 1909. On April 2, 1913, he married Elizabeth Lacy Chambers, of Charlotte, North Carolina. James Nathaniel Williamson. A busy and fruitful life has been that of James Nathaniel Williamson, who when little more than a boy bore arms bravely and faithfully as a soldier and oflBcer in the Confederate army, after the war took up cotton manufacture, was associated with some of the most prominent cotton mill men in the state, and also combined therewith extensive interests as a mercliant and farmer. His home during the greater part of his mature years has been at Graham in Alamance County. He was born at Locust Hill in Caswell County, North Carolina, March 6, 1842. His father, Thomas Williamson, owned several large planta- tions and conducted a store. He never held any public office beyond that of magistrate of his county, but by his business integrity and private virtues lie became a man widely known and well deserving of the admiration and veneration paid him by his famOy and friends. He was an in- timate friend of such eminent men as Chief Justice Ruffin, Hon. Calvin Graves and Hon. Bedford Brown. A source of inspiration to .lames Na- thaniel Williamson in his career was a desire to emulate his father, concerning whom he came to know largely through his mother and his father's friends, since he was a boy of only six when his father died. His early career and edm'ation were largely directed by his mother, who possessed many at- tainments, both intellectually and spiritually. Her maiden name w'as Frances Panel Banks Farish. She was of Scotch-Irish descent, and related to the Banks and Farish families of Virginia. Her mother, Frances Banks, was a sister of Hon. Lynn Banks, who for five years was speaker of the House of Delegates in Virginia and then .served his state in Congress from 1838 until his death in 1842. James Nathaniel Williamson owed more than he could ever calculate to the influence and teach- ing's of his mother. He found it a pleasure as well as a duty to assist her in the work of the home and farm. His father had expressly desired that his son should be thoroughly educated and that met exactly with the ambition and plans of the mother. James N. Williamson was ,a jnipil in the preparatory school conducted by Dr. Alex- ander Wilson in Alamance County. That was one of the best institutions in the state at the time. Doctor Wilson 's report of young Williamson was : ' ' He is among the best in his classes. ' ' From the preparatory school he entered Davidson College. On May 13, 1861, at the age of nineteen, Mr. Williamson enlisted as a private in Company A of the Third Regiment, North Carolina Volunteers. This was the first company raised in Caswell County. The colonel of the regiment was W. D. Pender, whose bravery and efficiency as a soldier and officer brought him eventually to rank as a major general in the Confederate army. After a 14 HISTOKY OF XOKTH CAROLINA time the Third Eegiment was assigned as the Thirteenth Begiment, and for a considerable part of its service was in Pender 's Brigade. James K. Williamson was a soldier four years, sharing all the hardships of his comrades in his company of this regiment. He participated in nearly all the great battles wliich made the names of Jackson and Lee famous in the annals of warfare. He was promoted to lieutenant in September, 1862, and at ChancellorsvUle was wounded on the second day. He was also wounded at Gettysburg and at the Wilderness, and at the conclusion of the latter battle was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. He was with Lee in the trenches about Petersburg, and was captain of his company when paroled at Appomattox. The family fortunes had suffered grievously dur- ing the period of the war, and when the veteran soldier returned home there was no thought to be taken of further schooling and he courageously faced the necessity of strenuous work in rehabili- tating the old farm. This old plantation in Cas- well County represented little more than the bare land at the close of the war. For about two years after returning, home Captain Williamson employed himself with the greatest of zeal and industry to farming. In the meantime he married, and at the suggestion of his wife's father, E. M. Holt, Mr. Williamson became a partner with the five sons of Mr. Holt in conducting the Alamance Cotton Mills under the firm name of E. M. Holt 's Sons. Mr. Williamson had already considered the possibilities of a career as a manufacturer, and he readUy accepted what seemed and proved to be an excellent opportunity to become associated with men of experience and such high standing as the Holts. In 1867 he removed to Alamance County, and while supervising his farming operations in Cas- well County took up his new duties as a partner in the firm. The Alamance Cotton Mills continued to grow and prosper and the business was after- wards extended by the construction of the Caro- lina Cotton Mills on the Haw Eiver near Graham. These mills when finished were put under the management of the Holt Brothers and Mr. Wil- liamson. For fifteen years these men shared the responsibilities of the management and conducted the mills under the name J. H. and W. E. Holt & Company. From the time the Carolina Cotton Mills were put in operation Mr. Williamson had his home at the Town of Graham. Subsequently he built the Ossipee Cotton Mills in Alamance County, and managed and operated them under the firm name of James N. Williamson & Sons. Eventually his sons William H. and James K". assumed the burdens of active management of the institution. Soon after the construction of the Ossipee Mills, Mr. Williamson and his son William H., under the name James N. and Wil- liam H. Williamson erected the Pilot Cotton Mills at Ealeigh, and this son has had the active man- agement of the mills from the beginning. Thus the name James N. Williamson has become widely known throughout the State of North Caro- lina among cotton mill owners and manufacturers, and he came to a notable position in an industrv which has employed the resources and abilities of many of the ablest men of the state and of a large part of the working population. It has been through the wise and efficient and careful adminis- tration of his affairs that he has rendered real service to the public and through his business he has benefited the state and the community by much of that public spirit and earnestness which some other men devote to formal public affairs and public office. Mr. Williamson never eared to- hold public office. On September 5, 1865, James X. Williamson married Mary E. Holt, daughter of Edwin M. Holt of Alamance County. They became the parents of the following children: William Holt, who married Sadie Tucker, daughter of Maj. R. S. Tucker of Ealeigh: Ada V., who died in 1898, the wife of O. H. Foster, of Ealeigh: James N., Jr., elsewhere referred to: and Mary Blaneli, wife- of J. Harrison Spencer, of Martinsville, Virginia. James N. Williamson, Jr., son of James Na- thaniel Williamson, the old soldier and cotton manufacturer whose career has been reviewed on other pages, has successfully developed those pri- mary interests and opportunities which were afforded him by his father as a successful cotton mill man, and for years has been one of the busi- ness builders and upholders of prosperity in Ala- mance County. He was born at Graham, Alamance County, Jan- uary 28, 1872. Other pages supply detailed in- formation concerning his family and ancestry. H& owed much both to inheritance and training ac- quired from his parents. Like many boys, he had a practical turn of mind and took naturally to the mechanics and the technical processes of cotton manufacture, his father 's cotton mills furnishing a splendid environment for the development of his intelligence and his intellectual curiosity. While reared in one of the substantial and even wealthy families, luxurious ease was no part of his youth- ful habits and practices. He found plenty to Aq and was constantly inspired Ijy his energy and talent and ambition to accomplish something worth while. Like his father, he was fond of outdoor sports and has always been a lover of and a good judge of horses. His father and mother sought for him the very best of educational opportunities. When he was twelve years old he entered Pantops Academy near Charlottesville, Virginia, where he remained a stu- dent sevei'al years and made himself popular among his associates and teachers as well as mak- ing a good record for scholarship. One important source of his disciplined mind was the Bingham- Military School, then located at Mebane, where his formal literary studies were combined with military regulations and training. From the Bing- ham School he entered the L'niversity of North Carolina, but did not remain t-o graduate, coming out of university to take his work in the prac- tical industry of cotton manufacture. In 1894 he went to work under his father at the Ossipee Mills. Three years later he was admitted to the firm of James N. Williamson & Sons. He soon became secretary and treasurer and general' manager of the Ossipee Mills. In all the processes surrounding cotton manufacturing, from the de- tailed technique of the mills to the larger prob- lems connected with industrial management. Mr. Williamson has for a mimber of years been a recognized master, authority and expert. Soon after the PUot Mills were erected at Ealeigh he bought from his father a fourth in- terest in the mills and became vice president of them and also president of the Hopedale Mills at Burlington. A number of years he has also been director of the Alamance Loan and Trust Com- HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 15 paiiy at Burliugton and of the American Trust Company of Cliarlotte. The career of such an active and public spirited business man as Mr. Williamson is a source of benefit and service to the public even though not an item could be recorded of participation in politics or the holding of a single office. He has done mucli to advance those matters in Alamance County Tvliieh bring tangible results of good and benefit to all classes of citizens. He has been especially identified with the good roads movement in his home county and throughout the state. In politics he is independent and non-partisan, and that is indicated in the fact that he regards as the greatest presidents of the la.st lialf century Grover Cleveland and Theodore Roosevelt. The Williamsini family for generations have been ac- tive Presbyterians and Mr. Williamson himself was reared in that faith. But his wife was aji Epis- copalian, and in order that one faith might govern the household he united with that church and has given much time to church and its affairs and has served as a member of the vestry in the Bur- lington Church. Business aside, Mr. Williamson's first and last thought is his home and f.amily. He lias enjoyed an ideal home life. November 9, 1898, he married Miss Mary Archer Saunders, daughter of a wealthy and influential citizen of Richmond, Virginia, the late E. A. Saunders. Mr. and Mrs.. Williamson have three children, James Saunders Williamson, Mary Archer WOliamson and Edwin Holt Wil- liamson. Ce:asar Cone. When North Carolina erects its Pantheon of great men — and great women, too — somewhere among the founders of the com- monwealth, the warriors and statesmen, jurists and law makers, agriculturists, business men and manufacturers, a special place of dignity will be apportioned to the late Ceasar Cone, cotton mer- chant and manufacturer of national and inter- national fame. When Ceasar Cone died on March 1, 1917, the importance of the man himself, his place in the business world, and his position in the affairs of the country were all so important that the Asso- ciated Press dispatches bore the news of his death to the great daily papers in all the cities of the United States, and the report quickly spread beyond the confines of this country. In a comparatively brief life he had established his name, his firm's name, the names of his mills, and the reputation of his product beyond all local limits or limitations. It was because of this high national standing that the Wool and Cotton Reporter, the nation journal devoted to the textile industries of America, published a special issue containing an appreciation of Mr. Cone's career and character and a description of the monumental industries which he had built up in and axound Greens- boro. It is from the columns of this journal that most of the facts here noted are obtained. There are many great names in cotton manu- facturing. These include family names that have become so firmly established in the textile trade that cities are similarly named. There has never been a family that has become more prominent in the production of cotton goods, the financing of cotton mills, and the distribution of the textile mill products than has that of Cone. Ceasar Cone's co-worker for a great many years was his older brother, Moses Cone, and the names of these two brothers will always be linked together. Everyone with a knowledge of the industry im- mediately thinks ckf Ceasar Cone as equally great in finance, manufacture and merchandising, and because of his pre-eminence in these several branches he towered above or as the equal of any individual name that adorns the annals of cotton manufacturing. Ceasar Cone was born April 22, 18.59, at .Jones- boro, Tennessee, and was not yet fifty-eight years of age when he died at his home in Greensboro. His father, Herman Cone, came from Bavaria, Germany, to America in 1845, at the age of eighteen. He began his life here with only fifty cents in capital. In 1870 he removed his family to Baltimore and estalilished a wholesale grocery business, which in 1878 became the firm of H. Cone & Sons. Herman Cone married Helen Gug- genhcimer, who was also from Bavaria. Many of her fine traits of character were inherited by Ceasar Cone. Ceasar Cone attended the public schools of Bal- timore to the age of foi'rteen. That completed his education. He then went to work with a Balti- more firm of stationers. It is said that he never ileparted from the methods and precepts incul- cated during his tender years. The paternal les- son was rigid honesty, rigid economy, and rigid observance of every obligation. The life of Ceasar Cone was a complete exemplification of these principles. He represented a family of suc- cessful men and women. Besides his older brother, Moses, he was survived by four brothers at Greensboro, Sol, Julius W., Bernard M. and Clarence N., and by two other brothers at Balti- more, Dr. Sidney M. and Fred W. His three sisters were: Dr. Claribel Cone and Miss Etta Cone, of Baltimore, and Mrs. M. D. Long, of Ashe^•ille. North Carolina. In 1890 the old and successful firm of H. Cone & Sons, wholesale grocers of Baltimore, was dissolved. Both Moses and Ceasar Cone had been members of the firm. Through its connections they had obtained an accurate knowledge of the conditions and resources of the South. Planning to develop these resources, they organized the Cone Export and Commission Company for the handling of cotton goods. This put them in close touch with the cotton mills, and finally brought them into the manufacturing field. As manu- facturers they began vrith a small mill of only a few looms. Removing to Greensboro, the Cone brothers acquired several hundred acres of land adjoining the corporate limits and there in 1895- 96 erected the mills of the Proximity Manufac- turing Company. The dominant ideal in the organization of the company was the manufac- ture of a class of goods not made in the South prior to 1896. Starting vrith 240 looms, in less than ten years the company enlarged its capital stock and built another mammoth plant known a' the Whit^ Oak Mill, which is the largest cot- ton mill in the South and the largest denim manufacturing plant in the world. The Proxim- ity and White Oak mills contain 3,600 looms and employ 2,500 people. Mr. Ceasar Cone was actively associated with his brother, Moses, in the establishment of the White Oak, Proximity and Revolution cotton mills. At the death of Moses Cone the business burdens of the Cone Export and Commission Company fell upon the shoulders of the younger brother, and when he 16 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA in turn answered the call of death, the great Cone industries were left to the administrative skill and experience of his brothers, Bernard and Julius, and his oldest son, Herman Cone. Estimating his place in southern cotton manu- facturing, a writer m the Wool and Cotton Be- porter said: " Ceasar Cone was the largest denim manufacturer in tJie world. It has been currently reported that one-third of all the denims of the world are manufactured in the Wliite Oak, Prox- imity and Revolution Mills at Greensboro. . . . Ceasar Cone was a salesman, a merchant. Per- haps his greatest work was not his manufactur- ing plants, extensive though they were, but his merchandising projects. The Cone Export and Commission Company has been of great value not only to southern mills but to the industry as a whole. A considerable number of cotton mills not owned and not controlled by the Cone family merchandise their goods through the Cone commission house. To a very large extent, the outside mills who sell through this commission house depended upon the Cone Export and Com- mission Company for many years, and upon Ceasar Cone himself to a very great extent, not only for the distribution of their products but for the financing of their mills, for the money with which raw materials were purchased, for the money that met the pay roll on every pay day. No commission house has ever attained a higher reputation than this one, not only in the trade and with its competitors but with the finan- cial authorities of downtown New York. And the policy of the Cone Commission House was the policy of Ceasar Cone. Its merchandising activities and ability, its fuianeial guidance, its ethics, all rested upon him. ' ' The late Ceasar Cone expressed the best ele- ments of his life and character in his devotion to his great mills at Greensboro and to the gen- eral civic welfare of that community. He served as president of the Greensboro Chamber of Com- merce, president of the American Cotton Manu- facturers Association, and he and his family were identified with practically every large wel- fare movement in the city. His brother, Moses Cone, gave a large portion of his estate to build a hospital at Greensboro. One of the last acts of Ceasar Cone was offering a large sum to be used for the proposed Guilford County Tubercu- losis Sanitarium. Many writers have commented upon the exten- sive welfare program planned and carried out in the mill villages of the great Cone Mills. The proper point of view in regarding the material and social conditions prevaUing in these mill vil- lages is not how far they measure up to the most ideal theoretical standard, but how far they bring the inhabitants above the plane of exist- ence in moral and physical comforts which the people had enjoyed before they became factors in the mill communities. It has been pomtea out and is a well-known fact that most of th^ manufacturing centers of the South are recruited from the poor and backward hill sections, where the people representing an undiluted strain of Anglo-Saxon stock have lived for generations out of touch with modern schools, religious privileges, and most of those comforts and attractions which go to make up the wholesomeness of Amer- ican life. A writer describing the welfare work of the Cone mill villages says: "The manufacturers with whom C<?asar Cone was always a leader fur- nished the place to work and a fair profit in wages, furnished comfortable homes in which the operatives lived, supplied the schools in which the children are educated, saw to it that the school teachers were efficient, supplied the churches and preachers according to the religious trend of the mill workers, furnished the mill hos- pital so that the mill village doctors could sat- isfactorily take care of the health of the workers' families. In fact, these manufacturers have made it a part of their business to insure more than a living to the men and women who are working with them. The Cone mills at Greens- boro are not typical of the industry — they are larger and better and more profitable than the average. The mill villages and the advantages of mill village life at Greensboro are not typical of the textile manufacturing industry. The cot- tages are better than the average; so are the educational and health and living conditions. In the villages at the Proximity and White Oak and Eevolution cotton mills there are perhajis 8,000 or 9,000 people who are whoUy dependent upon the past and present and future work in these Cone mills for their livelihood, the education of their children, for the savings that will take care of them in their declining years — in fact, for all, their financial, social and religious advantages. ' ' One of Ceasar Cone 's last public appearances was as one of the principal speakers on the pro- gram of the St. Louis convention of the Na- tional Association of Garment Manufacturers in the fall of 1916. A more concise description of his high standing in the textile industries it would be difficult to imagine that the brief sentences the president of the convention used in introducing Mr. Cone. He said : " It is my privilege and great pleasure to introduce to you a gentleman known ■personally to many of you and by reputation to all of us. This gentleman stands so highly in his profession that he speaks with that authority that one who knows always commands. Long years of fair dealing and fair play have made this gentleman dear to many of us. I may say that all of us stand ready at all times to render unto Ceasar that which is Ceasar 's. It is with pleasure that I introduce Mr. Ceasar Cone of America. ' ' In 1894 Mr. Cone married Miss Jeanette Siegel, a lady of rare gifts and attainments, who survives him. They had three sons: Herman, Benjamin and Ceasar Cone. Moses H. Cone. The career of the late Moses H. Cone was so intimately associated with that of his brother Ceasar Cone in the building and operation of the great mills around Greensboro that no special comment on his business achieve- ments is required to supplement what is said in the sketch of his brother published elsewhere. The following paragraph is a brief recital of the main facts of his personal history. He was born at Jonesboro. Tennessee, son of Herman and Helen (Guggenheimer) Cone, both of whom were natives of Bavaria. He was one of thirteen children and acquired a fair education in his youth, and was identified with his father in the wholesale grocery business at Baltimore for a number of years. In 1890 he was the primary factor in organizing the Cone Export and Commis- sion Company, which made contracts with many of the largest cotton mills in the South to handle their products. In 1895 Moses Cone and his HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 17 brother Ceasar bought large tracts of land adja- cent to Greensboro and successively erected the Proximity, Revolution and White Oak Mills. He and Ms brother alsol put into operation the Southern Finishing MUl, the first institution of its kind in the South. Incidentally it may be stated that through the operations of these brothers Greensboro took a new lease of industrial pros- perity and from that time forward its strides as a southern industrial center have taken it to a foremost position among the cities of North Carolina. Though never a resident of Greensboro, Moses Cone was well known in the city and his work and influence have been vital factors in the state as a whole. About 1900 he bought a large tract of land near Blowing Rock, and tliere built the palatial home which he loved so well and which was the scene of his last days. The Blowing Rock estate is a wonderfully interesting place and under his direction large areas of vineyard and orchard were developed. In that home Moses H. Cone died De- cember 8, 1908. He married Bertha Lindau, who survives him. Thomas Henry Briggs. The character of the men of a community may be correctly gauged by the standing of its business houses whose growth has been stimulated by intelligent and progressive methods, or held back by lack of proper develop- ment. No city can attain its highest standard lacking the oo-operation of its citizens in all lines in giving honest service for value received. The real progressive and helpful men of a community may be counted upon to promulgate and support worthy measures looking toward the securing for their community of solid improvements; they are to be found actively engaged in church labors; they give a solidity to commercial organizations, and when the need arises contribute liberally toward charities. Judging from all these standards, the City of Raleigh is fortunate in the possession of such sterling citizens as Thomas Henry Briggs, who has been identified with the commercial life of the city since 1870, and who, during his long career, has labored faithfully in church move- ments, has maintained a high standard in his commercial relations, and has consistently and continuously worked in behalf of better education, better morality and better citizenship. Mr. Briggs belongs to one of the oldest families of Raleigh, his grandparents, John Joyner and Elizabeth (Utley) Briggs. having been among the founders of the city in 1792. He was born Septem- ber 9, 1847, and is the eldest soit of Thomas Henry and Evelina (Norwood) Briggs, and secured good educational advantages in his youth, attending the celebrated school of Mrs. James P. Taylor, Love- .ioy Academy and Wake Forest College, from which he was graduated in 1870. In that year began his connection with the commercial life of Raleigh, an association that has continued throughout a period of more than forty-eight years. Mr. Briggs has been engaged in the wholesale and retail hardware business and interested in various other industrial, commercial and financial enterprises of the community, and at the jiresent time is a direc- tor in the Commercial National Bank, of which he was one of the organizers, and the Wake County Savings Bank. As a supporter of the cause of education, Mr. Briggs has served as school committeeman for Raleigh Township as trustee for the Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race, at Greensboro, North Carolina, during the adminis- tration of Governor Elias Carr, and for twenty- five years as treasurer of Wake Forest College. On his resignation from the last-named position he was elected a member of the board of trustees of that institution, and still holds that position. He is also president of the board of directors of the Raleigh Cemetery Association. John Joyner Briggs was one of the organizers of the First Bap- tist Church of Raleigh, hence Thomas Henry Briggs is the third generation of the family in this church, whose successive pastors have had no hesitancy in calling upon him for aid in forwara- ing the work of the organization. He is otherwise closely identified with the religious life of the city and with mission interests, both home and foreign, and is recognized as one of the state 's leading Sunday school workers, his efforts being directed particularly in the training of boys and youths. Mr. Briggs is known and honored in the commun- ity as a man above reproach, of integrity and of high Christian character. On October 21, 1874, Mr. Briggs was married to Miss Sarah Grandy, daughter of Willis Sawyer and Elizabeth (Ferebee) Grandy, then living at Oxford, North Carolina. Thomas Walter Bickett. In every state and country friends of enlightened progress in politics, those who are prayerfully and hopefully looking and struggling for the light while occasionally admitting doutjt and cynicism over ineptitude and selfishness, must find encouragement in what has been achieved so far during the administration of Thomas Walter Bickett as governor of North Caro- lina. While it is too soon to measure and estimate ultimate effects and results, it can be confidently asserted that as a rational program now in progress of fulfillment no state in the Union can present a record that is more completely an expression of political wisdom and practical idealism. Since he became governor, Mr. Bickett has truly demonstrated leadership which leads. While at every point it has been democratic leadership. He has compelled attention and has gained support for his proposals through the cogency of clear and sincere presentation. It may be ventured that no public paper relating to the state of affairs in North Carolina has been more widely read and will be more frequently referred to in the years to come than the inaugural address of Governor Bickett. It is a wonderful appeal to the spirit of progress, to constructive co-operative endeavor and to that unselfishness which makes the interest of the many superior to the interest of the few. It would be no disparagement of those who loyally co-operated with Governor Bickett in carrying out his plans to assert that the clear and forceful man- ner in which he presented the different items of his program quickened and vitalized popular support all over the state, so that the results in formal legislation were almost inevitable. Someone has well said that Governor Bickett 's inaugural address delivered in January, 1917, was his platform, and that in January, 1918, though he had been in of- fice only a year the address had become his record. Considered either as literary or as a political document the most notable feature of the inaugural address was the specific and direct language in which the various propositions were outlined, and the almost total absence of generalization and rhetoric. The address falls into two parts. The 18 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA first is an outline of nine measures, all directed to the improvement of rural life: Assisting the tenant to become a landlord by eonstitutional amendment exempting taxation notes and mort- gages given for the purchase price of a home; the conserving of fertility and the regeneration of the soil; legislation to relieve the farmer of the evils of the crop lien; development of the water powers of the state ; establishment and extension of rural telephone systems; making the schoolhouse the so- cial as well as the educational center of rural com- munities; maintenance as well as construction of good highways; constitutional amendment requir- ing a fixed school term throughout the state; and incorporation of rural communities. Governor Biekett in addition to these nine measures urged a uniform system school administration both in counties and for the state at large. On the subject of manufacturing his proposals were three in number : A reasonable minimum requirement that manufacturers should provide for the convenience and comfort of mill operatives; permission to combination by manufacturers for advancement of trade; and industrial and technical education in manufacturing districts. Other proposals were for a commission to submit a comprehensive plan of taxation, for the enlargement of the scope of work and adequate appropriations for the state board of health; provision for absentee voting; limita- tion of state officers to two successive terms and of county officers to three successive terms; urging the wisdom of the short ballot; consolidation of boards of management for state hospitals; central- ized management of the state agricultural depart- ment and tlie College of Agriculture; and modi- fications and reforms of state prison management. It will now be in order to notice briefly how Governor Biekett 's suggestions were enacted into law by General Assembly of 1917. A brief sum- mary of the specific acts is as follows: The act submitting a eonstitutional amendment calling for a six months' instead of a four months' public school term. The act follows the declara- tion in the governor's inaugural address that "the childi-en are entitled to have the voter east a single ballot, whether he is or is not in favor of a larger opportunity for the child. ' ' The act submitting a constitutional amendment exempting from taxation, notes and mortgages given in good faith for the purchase price of a home. The purpose of this act is to bring the money in reach of every homesteader. The crop lien act designed to give the small farmer a chance to ' ' break out of jail. ' ' The act providing for the teaching of the basic principles of good farming in every rural public school. The machinery of this act is well adapted to serve its purpose. The act to encourage the instaUation of run- ning water, electric lights, telephones in country homes and communities by furnishing expert ad- vice and assistance free of cost. The act to make the schoolhouse a social center and to jirovide for wholesome entertainment in country sehoolhouses that will be both constructive and relaxing. The act providing for the medical inspection of all children who attend the public schools that physical defects may be discovered and corrected in their incipiency. The act providing for the incorporation of rural communities to the end that thickly settled com- munities in the country may take such steps for tlieir own betterment as they think wise and proper. Tlie act forbidding the sale of the advertise- ment for sale of medicines purporting to cure incurable diseases and forbidding the sale of me- chanical device for the treatment of disease when the state board of health may declare such device to be without curative value. The act providing for the improvement of high- ways by expenditure of automobile tax for this purpose under the direction of the state highway commission. Tlie act that permits and regulates absentee voting. The appointment of a state tax commission to investigate and report a comprehensive system of taxation to the next General Assembly. The act consolidating the management of the three hospitals for the insane and establishing a purchasing agency for the seven state institutions. The act limiting the time for which a convict may be sent to a chain gang to five years. The recommendation of the governor was for two years, but owing to the inadequacy of quarters at the state prison the time was made five years for the present. The act authorizing the construction of modern sanitary quarters for the convicts on the state farm. The Turner bill, whicli fulfills the recommenda- tion of the governor in that part of his inaugural address in which he says : "I am convinced that the only justification for tlie punishment of crime is the protection of the public and the reformation of the criminal. Anything that savors of vin- (lictiveness is indefensible in the administration of the law. When the state sends a citizen to prison he ought to be made to feel that his punish- ment is a just measure imposed for the purpose of preventing himself and others from committing further crimes, and that pending his imprisonment the State desires to afford him every opportunity to become a good citizen." Governor Biekett has proved as fearless and progressive in his purely administrative and execu- tive functions as in promoting a liberal and well rounded legislative program. One example only can be considered here. It was a matter which attracted attention beyond the borders of the state, and was made the subject of an article by a writer in The Survey. It told how Governor Biekett exercised his executive clemency in writ- ing out pardons for six boys, whose average age was a little more than twelve years, who had each been convicted for some criminal offense and the sentences ranging from fifteen years to a life term in the penitentiary. In doing this he was acting upon the principles that he enunciated in his inaugural and at the same time was overturning ]irecedents and setting new ones, and was revers- ing the will and decision of the state courts. While Governor Biekett accepts and approved the partisan system of democratic government, is hirh- self a party man, it is true that he has as little partisanship in the narrow personal sense as any man who has ever been governor of "North Caro- lina. He is proud of what has been accomplished during his term, and yet the credit for all those varied achievements he generously assigns to the state administration as a whole in which he is merely the executive head. The spirit of this is well indicated in an article which he gave to the public press reviewing the work of the General HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 19 Assembly of 1917 and as his personal impression of the results wliieli have already been outlined it has its appropriate place in this article : ' ' The finest commentary on the General As- sembly of 1917, will be found in tlie simplest state- ment of its record. The outstanding feature of that record is that it deals entirely with industrial, social and educational problems. Only in a nega- tive way did the Assembly touch the domain of politics. The big, constructive measures were con- sidered in patriotic fashion, and it is due the members of the minority party to say that on these questions they refrained from playing politics and gave vote and voice to the support of what they conceived to be the highest good. ' ' The record discloses that the Assembly recog- nized two fundamental principles : "1. That every citizen is entitled to a fair chance to make his bread. "2. That a high grade citizenship cannot live by bread alone. ' ' The constitutional amendment exempting home- stead notes from taxation, the crop lien law regu- lating the penalty imposed on poverty for its in- ability to pay cash for supplies, the act providing for tlie teaching of the fundamentals of good farm- ing in every country school, the law providing for medical inspection of school children so as to discover physical defects in their incipieney, the act to protect the citizen from being defrauded by the sale of nostrums for incurable diseases, the establishment of the home and school for cripples, the state wide quarantine law, this law providing rural sanitation were all designed and are calcu- lated to aid the citizen in the world old battle for bread. They deal largely with the physical neces- sities of men, but in addition to their commercial value they are shot through with the spirit of humanitarianism. "On the other hand the eoustitutioual amend- ment calling for a six instead of a four months' scliool, the act authorizing the incorporation of rural communities, tlie liberal appropriation for moonlight schools, the expansion of the work of rural libraries, the act providing for a system of state highways, the act to encourage the installa- tion of running water and electric lights and tele- phones in country homes, the appropriation to relieve the loneliness of country life by giving wholesome, instructive and entertaining exhibitions in country school houses, the establishment of the home for delinquent women, the creation of the State Board of general welfare and public char- ities, the special act for the building of a new home for the blind, the three million dollar bond issue to encourage the building of better school houses in the country, and to provide adequate quarters and equipment for our educational and cliaritable institutions, all recognize the truth that man cannot live by bread alone, but requires for liis jiroper devcloiiment the enrichment of his social and intellectual life. ' ' In addition to these measures that so vitally touch the life of the people, the administration of the State's affairs were placed upon a more in- telligent and humane basis by the prison reform bill, the consolidation of the three hospitals for the insane under a single management, the act to establish a new and modern system of accounting in the State departments and institutions, the law creating an educational commission to consider the entire school system of the state, the act providing for a State Board to examine teachers and conduct educational institutes, the creation of a sub-com- mission to devise an equitable system of taxation, and the law eliminating unnecessary and cumber- some reports of State departments. "I do not have before me any list of the acts of the General Assembly, and I may have omitted some important measures in this outline. But in the record above given there will be found twenty- one separate and distinct acts of dealing with new subjects or old subjects in a new way. And the fine thing about the record is that not one of the acts named was written in a spirit of hostility to jiersons or property, but every one of them rep- resents a proper conception of ]uiblic service. The General Assembly made scant use of the hatchet, but was very busy with the trowel, the hammer and the saw. In the early days of the session there was considerable lost motion and there were a few grave errors of omission, but the record in its entirety reveals the Legislator of 1917 as a 'workman tliat needeth not to be ashamed.' " It now remains to review briefly the career of tliis honored public servant of North Carolina, whose earlier years well justified the record he has made in the office of governor. Thomas Walter Bickett was born in Monroe, North Carolina, Feb- ruary 28, 1869, a son of T. W. and Mary A. (Covington) Bickett. When he was thirteen years of age his father died, and as tlie oldest of four children he had heavy responsibilities and in pro- viding for tlieir support he acquired much of the self-reliance and the sturdy manhood which have always distinguished him. lie attended the Monroe Higli Seliool, and in 1886 entered Wake Forest College. He paid his way through school, and at the same time was one of the leaders in col- lege life, gaining honors as a debater, winning a wealth of school associations and lasting friend- ships, and graduating A. B. with the class of 1890. Then followed a period of teaching, principally in the graded scliools of Winston-Salem until 1892. He liad spent the vacations studying law in the office of his uncle, D. A. Covington, and in the fall of 1892 entered the University Law School. Receiving his license to practice in February, 1893, he spent 1% years at Danbury, and since .January, 1895, his home has lieen at Louisburg in Franklin County. In his practice there he was soon noted as a leader of the bar, a man of ade- quate scholarship, of splendid resourcefulness both in learning and in wit, and witli an integrity of character tliat caused his clients to trust implicitly in his judgment. While during the years that followed he steadily liuilt up a reputation as a lawyer and became well known to the members of the state bar, he gave all his time to his profession and never consented to lie a figure in polities until 1907, when he was elected a member of the Legislature. He was elected by a majority of 17.50, and after taking his seat distinguished himself as an able advocate of some of the measures of special importance to the state. As chairman of the Committee on Insane Asylums he introduced and secured the passage of what is known as the Bickett Bill, ap- propriating a half million dollars for the purchase of land and construction of buildings to take care of the insane and other classes of the state's unfortunate. That was the largest appropriation voted by the General Assembly for a single pur- jiose in an entire decade. He also advocated a iiill to regulate lobbying, and worked for the establishment of the East Carolina Teachers 20 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Training School and the establishment of a school of t-eehnology in some cotton mill center. As a delegate to the Charlotte Convention of 1908 Mr. Bickett iirst became a figure of state wide prominence. His nominating speech for Col. Ashley Home for governor made him so conspicuous that he in turn was nominated for the office of attorney general, and during the fol- lowing campaign he did much to draw together the various factions in his own party and con- tributed much to the success of the ticket. He was elected attorney general and began his of- ficial duties in January, 1909. In 1912 he was reelected, for the term expiring in 1916. His record of service has been particularly scrutinized by the people of North Carolina dur- ing the last year or so, when his candidacy was urged on all sides for the office of governor to succeed Mr. Craig. His record as attorney general is one of special interest. Besides acting as adviser to every department of the state government, he argued upwards of 400 cases before the Supreme Court of North Carolina, and repre- sented the state before the Federal Court within the state, the Commerce Court and the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Supreme Court at Washington, and it is said that every ease argued by him before a federal tribunal was won for the state. A reference to his work as attorney general is found in an editorial of the Raleigh News and Observer of November 11, 191.5, which says : ' ' The record of Attorney General Thomas W. Bickett before the United States Supreme Court is one of which he can well be proud. Since coming into the high office which he holds he has had occasion to argue five different cases before the Supreme Court as the guardian of the state 's legal rights, and he has won every one of them. The Tennessee-North Carolina boundary ease, which was decided Monday in favor of North Carolina, being the latest one to claim public at- tention. Mr. Bickett besides being one of our most finished public speakers is also one of the state 's astute lawyers, capable of profound and patient study, with a keenly analytical mind and with the faculty of engaging and illuminating expression." A gracefully expressed tribute such as few men can deserve was that which appeared in the annual publication for 1915 of Wake Forest College, and which is dedicated to Mr. Bickett as follows: "To Thomas Walter Bickett, Class 1890. On every level of a brilliant career, student, teacher, lawyer, attorney general, standing in the midst of a host of friends. ' ' Every successive st-age of his career has demon- strated him a man of proficiency, adequate for the duties and responsibilities of the time, and fitting himself for a new and larger life that was to succeed. Therefore when on November 5, 1916, the people of North Carolina were called upon to express their choice of a citizen to fill the office of governor, there was no question of fitness and only a generous outburst of confidence and trust in a man who had proved worthy at every test, Mr, Bickett was elected governor of North Carolina on the democratic ticket by over 48,000 majority. He was inaugurated governor on January 1, 1917, Mr, Bickett is a member of the Masonic order and of the Episcopal Church, On November 29, 1898, he married Miss Fannie Yarborough, a woman of rare attainments and fine character, and devoted to their home and to his advancement as a public leader. They have one child, Pl.^tt DrcKiN-sON Walker, For thirteen Tears the learning and integrity of Piatt Dickinson Wal- ker has been read into the decisions of the North Carolina Supreme Court, He is one of North Carolina's most distinguished lawyers and jurists and a man who has succeeded in translating the high ideals of the profession into practical service for good in his community and state. He was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, a son of Thomas D. and Mary Vance Dickinson Walker, and has lived in North Carolina practically all his life. He received his early education in George W. Jewett 's School at Wilmington and in James H. Horner's School at Oxford, North Caro- lina. He then entered the University of North Carolina, being a member of the class of 1869, but finished his collegiate course at the University of Virginia, where he had as preceptors in his legal studies the noted Prof. John B. Minor and Profes- sor Southall. Graduating LL. B. in 1869, he was admitted to practice in North Carolina by the Supreme Court at the June term of 1870*. In that year he located at Eockingham, and was in practice with the late Walter L. Steele, who after- wards represented a North Carolina District in Congress. While living there he represented T?ichmond County in the General Assembly in 1874- In 1876 Judge Walker moved to Charlotte, and was associated in partnership with Hon. Clement Dowd, who was afterwards a congressman, and in November, 1880, became a jiartner with Hon. Armistead Burwell, who afterwards was honored with a seat on the Supreme Bench. In 1892 he formed a partnership with E. T. Cansler. From Mecklenburg County Judge Walker was called to Raleigh as associate justice of the Supreme Court, beginning his first terra January 1, 1903, and his second term January 1, 1911. In 1899 Judge Walker served as the first presi- dent of the North Carolina Bar Association. He is a trustee of the University of North Carolina, which in 1908 honored him with the degree of LL. D., and he holds a similar degree from David- son College conferred in 190.3. Judge Walker is a member of the Episcopal Church. He has been twice married. June 5, 1878, at Reidsville, North Carolina he married Miss Henrietta Settle Coving- ton, On June 8, 1910, he married Miss Alma Locke Mordecai. Judge Walker still retains his residence at Charlotte. He is a member of the American Bar Association and now holds the office in that association of vice president for this state. Hon. Locke Cr.\ig. Governor of North Caro- lina from 1913 to 1917, Locke Craig has long ranked as one of the state 's foremost orators, a man of commanding influence in public affairs, and until he took the governor 's chair had spent twenty years in the practice of law. Governor Craig was born in Bertie County, North Carolina, August 16, 1860, a son of Andrew Murdoek and Clarissa Rebecca (Gillam") Craig. He "represents one of the old Colonial families, his paternal ancestor, William Craig, having come from his native Scotland, first to Ireland and then to America in 1749, This ancestor settled in Orange County, North Carolina, It was the good fortune of Locke Craig to spend his early years on a farm. The leanings ^/f^Jh^^-^^-^^^^-^'^^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 21 of bis ambitions and his talents brought him to a professional career. In 1880 he graduated with honor from the University of Nortli Carolina with the degree A. B., and in 1883 he concluded his preliminary work and was admitted to the Morth Carolina bar. He then located at Asheville, and applied himself industriously to accumulating a practice and reputation as a lawyer. For years he has been recognized as a forceful leader of the people, and a man of unusual power as a public speaker. In 1892 he was presiden- tial elector for the then Ninth Congressional Dis- trict, and in 1896 was elector for the state at large. In the latter year he made a brilliant can- vass of North Carolina on behalf of William J. Bryan. In 1898 he was nominated for the Legis- lature from Buncombe County, and in that cam- paign proved his ability as a successful campaign- er by reversing the normal republican majority of 600 and went into office with a clear majority of 700. Observers of political affairs in North Carolina concede that the General Assembly of 1899 was one of the ablest bodies of men ever gathered together as political representatives of the people of the state. In that Legislature Governor Craig was one of the leaders. He was one of the foremost in proposing a state suffrage amend- ment to the constitution. In 1900 he was returned to the Legislature by an increased majority, and in the Legislature of 1903 was a prominent can- didate for the United States Senate, being beaten only after a protracted struggle. In 1912 Jlr. Craig was elected governor of North Carolina and entered upon the duties of his office in January, 1913. The record of his administration is fresh in the minds of the peo- ple, and while Governor Craig was noted for the firmness of his decisions and the many construc- tive measures advocated by him and carried through to the benefit of the state, his popularity was as great when he left office at the close of 1916 as it had l)een when he was carried by the votes of the people into the governor's chair. Since the expiration of his term as governor Mr. Craig has resumed his residence at Asheville. November 18, 1891, Governor Craig married Annie Burgin of McDowell County, North Caro- lina. They are the parents of four sons: Carlyle, a naval officer; George Winston, an officer in the National Army; Arthur, also a naval officer; and Locke, .Jr., who was born in the governor's mansion in November, 1914. Henry Groves Connor, United States district judge of the Eastern District of North Carolina, son of David and Mary C. (Groves) Connor, was born at Wilmington, July 3, 18.52. He was reared and educated at Wilson, which is still his home. .Judge Connor was in active practice of the law from 1873 to 1885 and from 1893 to 1903. More than half of his active professional career has been spent on the bench. In 188.5 he represented his district in the State Senate; and in 1899 and 1901 he served in the House of Bepresentatives, of which he was speaker in 1899. He was appoint- ed judge of the Superior Court in 1885 and served until 1893, when he resigned to resume the practice of the law. In 1902 he was elected an associate justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina. From that office, although a democrat, he was appointed by President AVilliam Howard Taft to the United States District Bench for the Eastern District on June 1, 1909. He is a democrat and a member of the Episcopal Church. In 1908 the University of North Carolina conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. Judge Connor married Miss Kate Whitfield, of Wilson, North Carolina. They have had twelve children, of whom nine are living. George Whitfield Connor, eldest son of Henry Groves and Kate Whitfield Connor, was born at Wilson, October 24, 1873, was graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1892, and for five years was in educational work as principal of the Goldsboro High School and superintendent of the pubUe schools of Wilson. From 1897 to 1912 he was in business at Wilson as a merchant. From 1905 to 1908 he served as chairman of the Board of Education of Wilson County. In 1912 he was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice of the law. He served as a member of the House of Representatives in 1909, 1911 and 1913, and was speaker of the House during his last term. In 1913 he was chosen a member of the Commission on Constitutional Amendments and in the same year was appointed judge of the Superior Courts of the Second District. He also served as a trustee of the University of North Car- olina from 1905 to 1909. Judge Connor is a democrat and a member of the Episcopal Church. May 30, 1894, he married Miss Bessie Hadley, daughter of J. C. Hadley of Wilson. They have liad four children, of whom two are living. Frank H. Vogler. Much of the business his- tory of Winston-Salem might be written around the family name Vogler. Voglers have lived in this part of North Carolina from pioneer times. They were prominent in the community of old Salem, long before Winston came into existence or before the Twin City of Winston-Salem was dreamed of. Frank H. Vogler has been a promi- nent business man of Winston-Salem for over thirty years, and at one time served as mayor of Salem. He was bom in the old Town of Salem. His father, Alexander C. Vogler, was also born at Salem, in 1832. The grandfather was Nathaniel Vogler, likewise a native of Salem. The great- grandfather was the founder of this branch of the family in North Carolina. The family history states that he was one of six brothers, natives of Germany, who, coming to America, located at Waldoboro in the State of Maine. One of the, brothers remained in Maine, and his descendants- are still to be found there. The other five broth- ers came south on a sailing vessel. The ship was wrecked off Cape Henry, and the brothers and other passengers were landed on an island. Sub- sequently they were picked up by another ship, which carried them to Wilmington. From Wilm- ington.the Vogler brothers made their way to the interior and located in that portion of the original Stokes County now Forsyth County, North Caro- lina. Whether all the five brothers had families is not known, but it is a fact that many descend- ants of the Vogler stock are still found in this part of North Carolina. Grandfather Nathaniel Vogler learned the trade- of gunsmith. For many years he was enp-aged in the manufacture of fire arms at Salem. He was not only a master of his trade but also took pride- and pains with every piece of work that left his shop. The rifles he made were noted for their ser-vicea.hleness and accuracy, and they were sold not only over North Carolina but in Virginia.. 22 HISTORY OF NORTPI CAROLINA Though Nathaniel Vogler owned a farm two miles south of Salem, he always kept his home in the town. He died at the age of seventy-two years. He married Mary Fishel. She was born at Frieds- liurg in Davidson County, North Carolina, where her parents were among the pioneers. She sur- vived her husband and passed away at the age of eighty-nine. There were nine children in tlieir family: Henry, Laura, wlio married William Beck, Julius, Martha, wlio married Edward Peterson, Alexander C, Mortimer N., Maria E., who for upwards of thirty years was a teacher in the Salem Academy, Regina A. and William F., both of whom are still living. Alexander C. Vogler took up another trade than that of his father. He served an apprenticeship at cabinet making, and following his apprentice- ship he did .iourneyman work in Macon, Georgia, ami Milton, North Carolina. He finally returned to Salem and set up in business for himself. In earlier years he made many articles of furniture, and his shop was largely a custom shop, but he gradually introduced a general stock of furniture. His first shot) was 24 by 70 feet, a frame building, located close to the north line of Salem. At that time the present site of Winston was a wilderness. In 18.58 Alexander Vqgler made undertaking a branch of his furniture busi- ness, and he continued actively in those lines until his death in 1903. Alexander Vogler married Antoinette Hauser. She was born in Salem, a daughter of William and Susanna (Shultz) Hauser. She died in 1906, three years after her husband. There were only two children, Mary A. and Frank H. Mary A., now deceased, was the wife J. F. Grouse. As his father was a substantial business man and highly respected citizen, Frank H. Vogler grew up in Salem and enjoyed a good home and liberal encouragement and advantages. He at- tended the Boys' School at Salem, and on leav- ing school became an apprentice at the cabinet- maker's trade. In 1888 he entered actively into the business with his father, and has thus earned on an establishment which is now one of the oldest if not the oldest under one continuous family own- ership in Winston-Salem. Mr. Frank Vogler is a graduate of the Cincinnati School of Embalming and also studied the science under E. B. Myers, of Springfield, Ohio, and under the noted Rewnard. His sons, who are now associated with him in the business, are graduates in embalming, the older having his diploma from the Rewnard School of Embalming of New York City. The firm is now Frank H. Vogler & Sons. The building in which their business was established nearly sixty years ago has since been removed to the back of the lot, and in front a commodious l>rick structure occupies the old site. There is no firm in North Carolina "which has a more complete equipment and facil- ities for rendering ex^pert and careful service than that of Frank H. Vogler & Sons. In 188.5 Mr. Vogler married Miss Dora Morton. She was born in Alamance County, North Carolina, daughter of Jacob and Nannie Morton. Mr. and Mrs. Vogler are the parents of four children: Francis Eugene, William N., Louise and Ruth A.- The two sous, as has already been noted, are actively associated with tlieir father in business thus making the third successive generation to foUow this profession at Winston-Salem. Eugene married Edith Witt and has a son Francis Eugene, .Tr. William N. married Camille Cliugman and has a daughter Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Vogler are active members of the Home Moravian Church. Tliey have reared tlieir family in the same faith. Mr. Vogler has served as a member of its board of elders for several years and has always been active in church affairs. In a public way he was a member of the Board of Aldermen of Salem and filled the oflSce of mayor for four years. He is afiiliated with Salem Lodge No. 36, Independent Order of Odd Fellows and is a charter member of Salem Lodge No. 56, Knights of Pythias. He is also widely known in his pro- fession, being a member of and secretary of the State EmVialmers Board. He is one of tlie three charter members still living of the North Carolina State Funeral Directors' Association. Wksley Bethel Speas is one of the best known educators in Western North Carolina, and since 1903 continuously has been county superintendent of schools of Forsyth County. Mr. Speas is not only a competent school man from a technical standpoint, but knows, thoroughly the people among whom he works. He rejiresents one of the oldest families of Forsyth County. Five genera- tions of the family have lived in this section of North Carolina. The ancestry begins with John Speas, a native of Germany, who came to America a young man and after a brief residence in Penn- sylvania came to North Carolina to join 'the Ger- man Colony here. He located in what is now Old Richmond Township in Forsyth County, and in what has since been called the Reid Settlement. He was one of the early settlers there. His chil- dren were named Jonathan, John, Daniel, Solomon, Isaac, Henry, Romulus, Peter, Kate and Elizabeth. The next generation was represented by Henry Speas, who spent his Ufe as a farmer" in Old Richmond Township. By his marriage to Annie Shore he had the following children: Levi, William Henry, Isaac, Samuel, Rebecca, Paulina, Betsy, Malinda, Mary P. and Julia. The last of this family was Mary, who died September 30, 1917. She was the widow of Wade H. Bynum of Winston-Salem. William Henry Speas, grandfather of Professor Speas, was born in Yadkin County, North Carolina, in 1S18. On coming to manhood he boughc a farm in "\'ienna Township of Forsyth County and was Tni]iIoyed and interested in its management the rest of his life. Before the war he operated with slave labor. He married Sallie Hauser, a lineal descendant of Martin Hauser, one of the first set- tlers at Bethania. Both William H. Speas and his wife lived to a good old age. Their children were Wesley, Edwin, William, John Samuel, Junius, Mary, Ellen and Elizabeth. The four older sons were all Confederate soldiers, and Wesley and William were both wounded and died while in the army. John S. Speas, father of Professor Speas, was bom in Old Richmond Township, April 11, 1847, and during the war was a member of the Junior Reserve, his service being in the last year of hostUities. He was educated in rural schools, and on a tract of land given him by his father he has worked out an independent career as a prosperous agriculturist in Vienna Township. His success enabled him to acquire other holdings, and he has built up a fine farm home. John S. Speas married THE NE»'.' ■ PUBLICUM,; •ASTOR. L. . fTILDfcL>i IC'-rO' HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 23 Mary Frances Douh, who was born in Vienna Township in July, 1847. Her family is also one of the interesting ones in Western North Carolina. She is descended from Rev. John Doub, a native of Germany who in young manhood settled in Western North Carolina and became the founder of Method- ism :n Forsyth Cbuuty. By trade lie was a tanner, and his tannery in what is now Vienna Township wa-i one of the first institutions of the kind in the state. The first Methodist meetings in the vicinity were held in his log house, and he was a lo<'al preacher of that church. His son Henry Doub was born in Forsyth County, and that was also the place of nativity of Elijah Doub, father of Mrs. J. S. Speas. John Doub reared children named Michael, Joseph, Henry, William Peter, Mary and Lethia. Henry Doub' was a lifelong farmer in Vienna Township, and married Betsy Ward, their children being Elijah, Cannon, Wesley, William, Nancy, Margaret, ' Mary and Elizabeth. Elijah Doub was also a farmer throughout his active career in Vienna Township. He married Lucy Newsom who was born in Guilford County and vurvived her husband until more than ninety years of age. Their children were named Henry, Wil- liam, Elizabeth J., Margaret, Mary Frances, Newton, Martha, Edwin and Wiley. The son Henry was a Confederate soldier and was killed at Petersburg, Virginia. John S. Speas and wife have reared four chil- dren named William Clarence, Louie Cornelia, Walter Henry and Wesley Bethel. The parents are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. Wesley Bethel Speas was born on a farm in Vienna Township of Forsyth County, November 30, 1875. He made the best of his opportunities to secure a liberal education. After leaving the rural schools he prepared for college at Oak Hill Institute, and in 1897, he entered the University of North Carolina where he coinpleted the regular academic course in 1901. His first teaching was done in District No. 3 of Vienna. Township. The following year he taught in the Clemmons High School. He became known not only as a success- ful individual teacher but as an able administrator and a leader in educational affairs and those we^e the qualifications that caused the people of Forsyth County to choose him as county superintendent in 190.3, "an office hj has held by re-election to the present time. He is now president of the Forsyth County Teachers' Association and is a member of the North Carolina County Superintendents' Asso- ciation. Mr. Speas was married in 1901 to Miss Louzana Long. She was born in Old Richmond Township, a daughter of Wiliam Henry and Martha Long. Two children have been born to their marriage, Margaret, ajid Martha Louise. Mr. and Mrs. Speas are members of the West End Methodist Episcopal Church at Winston-Salem, and fraternally he is afBliated with Salem Lodge No. 36, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. John Bynum. M. D. For nearly two genera- tions the capable services of members of the Bynum family as physicians and surgeons have been given to the community of Winston and Winston-Salem. Dr. John Bynum has practiced there over a quarter of a century and his name is associated with the best attainments in the pro- fession and with the best of citizenship. Doctor Bynum, member of an old and prominent family of North Carolina and Virginia, was born on a plantation about two miles from Germanton in Stokes County, North Carolina. His great- grandfather. Gray Bynum, was a native of Vir- ginia, where he married Margaret Hampton. She was a daughter of Anthony Hampton and a sister of the famous Revolutionary soldier General Wade Hampton. Doctor Bynum 's grandfather was Hampton Bynum, who married Mary Martin. She was a daughter of Col. John Martin, a native of Essex County, Virginia. Col. John Martin was twelve years of age when about 1768 his parents moved to North Carolina and settled in Stokes County. Of Col. John Martin much has been written in the early annals of North Carolina. He was one of the conspicuous leaders of the moun- taineers of Western Carolina in the Revolutionary war. Hampton Bynum became an extensive planter in Stokes County, and lived there long and prosperously. Dr. Hampton Wade Bynum, father of Dr. John Bynum, was born on a plantation about two miles from the birthplace of his son John, in 1823. He was liberally educated and was trained for his profession in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. After graduating from that institu- tution he began practice in Stokes County. When a young man he was given by his father a planta- tion about two miles from Germanton, and lived in that country district a number of years, acquir- ing in the meantime an extensive practice through- out Stokes and Forsyth counties. He was a typical pioneer physician and endured innumerable hardships in attending to his practice. He was almost constantly on horseback and rode through all kinds of weather to the homes of the sick. In 1869 he removed to Winston, where he was one of the first idiysicians to locate and was successfully engaged in practice there until his death in 1880. Dr. Hampton Wade Bynum married Mary Spease. She was born in Yadkin County April 1, 1828. Her grandfather, John Spease was a German and spoke only his native tongue in his own hovne and family circle. He was a farmer, owning and operating a place near the Yadkin River in what is now Vienna Township, Forsyth County. In that locality he spent his last years. Henry Spease, father of Mary Spease, was born in what is now Forsyth County, and on reaching his majority crossed the Yadkin River into Yadkin County and acquired an extensive plantation in that locality. He was one of the successful men of his time and was able to assist each of his twelve children to acquire a farm. Henry Spease married Anna Shore. This grandmother in the maternal line of Doctor Bynum was born in Vienna Township February 10, 1789, a daughter of Johan and Elizabeth (Beckel) Shore. Doctor Bynum 's sister has the baptismal certificate of this grandmother, Anna Shore. Her father was of German ancestry and a farmer in Vienna Township, where he and his wife spent their last years. Dr. John Bynum 's mother is still livin.g in Winston-Salem. She reared nine children: Wade, Hampton, Gray, Mary, Annie, John, Benjamin, Pamelia and William. Dr. John Bynum was educated in the public schools of Winston and for his medical education went to New York, entering the University of New York, where he was graduated in the medical department in 1892. After this preparation he 24 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA returned to Wmston-Salem and has been continu- ously engaged in the duties of a large professional practice to the present time. Doctor Bynum married Miss Eva Hall, who was born at Wentwortli in Eoclcingham County, North Carolina, daughter of James and Martha Hall. Doctor Bynum and wife had two daughters, Mar- garet and Elizabeth. Doctor Bynum is an active member of the Forsyth County Medical Society and also the North Carolina State Society and the American Medical Association. In 1908 he was elected by the State Medical Society as examiner serving six years. Herman Cummings Catiness had established himself in successful practice at Wilkesboro soon after his twenty-first birthday and in his case youth has proved no bar to rapid advancement and definite achievement in the legal profession. He is now one of the leaders of the Wilkes County bar. He was born at EUerbe Springs in Richmond County, North Carolina, January 27, 1887. The family was founded in America by his great-grand- father, who according to the best information was a native of England and came to this country a young man. He located in Virginia. The family tradition is that his name was spelled Cavendish. His son, the grandfather of the Wilkesboro lawyer, changed the name to Caviness because of some disagreement with otlier members of the family. It was Grandfather Caviness who came to North Carolina when a young man and located in Moore County. He bought land about twelve or fifteen miles north of the present site of Pinehurst, the noted resort, and there ran a plantation with the aid of slaves. Dr. Isaac W. Caviness, father of Herman C, was born in Moore County, North Carolina, in 1855. For his higher education he attended the Vermont State University at Burlington. After graduating there he taught school and then took up the study of medicine and was graduated from Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia. During his brief career he practiced at Keyser in Moore County and was still busy in his work when deatli stayed his hand in December, 1887, when only thirty- two years of age. He married Mary Emma Cum- mings, who was born near Pomona in Guilford County, North Carolina, daughter of Enos and Mary (Bollinger) Cummings. Herman C. was their only child. The widowed mother married for her second husband Walter W. Mills of Greens- boro and had a son, Walter W., Jr. Herman C. Caviness was graduated from Guil- ford College at the early age of seventeen. His work in college was characterized by a keeness of intellect and a resourcefulness that enabled him to keep up with young men much older. Wlien he graduated from college he was ready to undertake the serious responsibilities of life and in June, 1904, a few days after leaving the halls of col- lege he married Miss Gladys E. Benbow. Mrs. Caviness is a daughter of Lewis S. and Lula (Henderson) Benbow, who is lineally descended from Thomas and Mary (Carver) Benbow. Mr. and Mrs. Caviness have had a most happy mar- ried life and have a family of four children named Nellie, Lewis R., Merrill and Herman Cummings, Jr. Soon after his marriage Mr. Caviness took up the study of law and was graduated from the law department of the University of North Carolina in 1908. He immediately began practice at Wilkes- boro and his success and reputation are now as- sured. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge and he and his wife are active in the Methodist Episco- pal Church, South. Fassifern, a home school for girls, which recently closed its tenth successful year, has gained and holds a place as one of the distinctive preparatory scliools of the South. It represents a happy development of a plan for giving wholesome mental discipline and practical instruction in an environment of picturesque buildings, grounds and landscape charm calculated to make years spent here abundant in happy associations and produc- tive of the greatest good in real culture and character formation. Fassifern was opened in October, 1907, at Lincolnton, North Carolina. In October, 1914,. the school was moved to HendersonviUe. At Lincolnton the number of boarding pupils was limited to fifteen and the total number had been enrolled within a month from tlie opening day. During the seven years in Lincolnton the number was increased to forty. When the seliool moved to Hendersonville it had sixty boarding pupils. The curriculum has been gradually enlarged, and since 1916 the school has maintained a full depart- ment in home economics. In the ten years of its existence Fassifern graduated twenty young, women in the full course besides various certifi- cate students. The first diploma was awarded in, 1913. Fassifern is distinctly a standard preparatory school, furnishing the facilities of instruction and other training required to meet the require- ments and standards of such American women's, colleges as Smith and Wellesley. Fassifern is oii- the accredited list of the Association of Southern Colleges, of the University of North Carolina and of Smith and Wellesley and other similar schools. The departments for instruction include the usual literary and language departments, a business, course," and special departments in music, art and home economics. The school makes a specialty of individual work, all classes being small, and- the instructors and principals paying special atten- tion to the particular needs of each pupil. The school home is a stately group of colonial buildings standing on an eminence from which some of the finest topograpliy in that section of North Carolina is surveyed. There is every oppor- tunity and encouragement for wholesome outdoor life and recreation. It is a school where every vital interest is carefully safeguarded, and where- the best ideals of home life are upheld and stimulated. The principals of Fassifern are Miss Kate C. Sliipp and Mrs. Anna C. McBee, and assisting them are half a dozen specialists in tlieir particu- lar fields, in languages, music, art and domestic science. Miss Shipp, who has charge of the depart- ment of mathematics, is a woman of broad experience as an educator and as a school admin- istrator. She has a teacher's diploma from Cam- bridge University of England. David N. Dalton, M. D. The career of the- true physician is a life of service, a devotion to the well being of his fellow men such as no other professions require of their practitioners. One of the oldest and best known members of the medical fraternity in Forsyth County is Dr. David N. Dalton, who has practiced continuously at Winston and over the surrounding country for over 35- years. >.^, Ai£^ '3 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 25 The Dalton name has many associations with early history in Western North Carolina. As a family they have been soldiers, fighters for the integrity of their country in times of national danger, and effective workers in whatever field or vocation they have undertaken. Doctor Dalton is descended from a branch of the family which was establislied in this country by three brothers named Samuel, William, and Robert, who were natives of Ireland and came to America in early Colonial days. After a brief halt in New Jersey William and Eobert moved to Virginia, while Samuel became the ancestor of the family in North Carolina. Doctor Dalton 's great-grandfather, Capt. David Dalton, was commander of a company in the Revolutionary War and was with the victorious armies under Washington which participated in the surrender of Cornwallis and his British troops at Yorktown. Captain David married Nancy Bostwick, whose father had served as a colonel in the same war. After the war Capt. David Dalton removed to North Carolina and bought land in what is now Stokes County. Absalom B. Dalton, grandfather of Doctor Dal- ton, was probably a native of Virginia. He acquired an extensive estate as a planter in Stokes County, North Carolina, had a number of slaves to look after his fields and the other work of his farm, and became one of the first manufacturers of tobacco in Stokes County, which then included Forsyth County. Grandfather Dalton remained in Stokes County until his death when aljout eighty years of age. He married Nancy Poindexter, whose brother, General Poindexter, was a promi- nent pioneer lawyer. Absalom Dalton and wife reared eight children: David Nicholas, John F., George, William, Gabriel, Robert F., Christina and Susan. David Nicholas Dalton was the father of Doctor Dalton. He was born in the locality known as Pine Hole in Stokes County, North Carolina, grew up on a farm, but in his mature manhood acquired many other interests and became one of the most prominent men of Forsyth County. After his marriage he bouglit a plantation near Walnut ' Cove in Forsyth County. After two years he removed to the Village of Dalton, where he bought property and became a mercliant. He also erected two floiir mills, one at Dalton and the other five miles below tlie town. Dalton was on the stage route extending from Kentucky and Tennessee to South Carolina and Georgia. It was a noted old thoroughfare, and before railroads became common was traversed by an immense volume of trafBc, which, because it made slow progress, afforded notable opportunity to inn keepers and others along the route. David N. Dalton kept a stage station on his place at Dalton, and also built up a large system of what would now be called stock- yards. Ho had accommodations for 2,000 or more cattle and also yards for hogs and turkeys. In those days all live stock, including turkeys, were driven over the highways to market. One of his flour mills also liad machinery for the manufacture of lumber, while the other had a shingle mill run in connection. Besides these various enterprises he bought large tracts of land, raised crops on a large scale, and was a dealer in live stock, includ- ing cattle, horses and mules. Necessarily he had to delegate much of his business to other parties, but he possessed that splendid faculty of being able to oversee and practically supervise personally his entire range of interests. He continued to live in Dalton until his death in 1895. David N. Dalton married Melissa Rives, who died in 1866. Her father, William Rives, was a plaviter in Chatham County, North Carolina, where so far as known he spent all his life. Mrs. David N. Dalton reared seven children: William, Robert, Rufus I., David N., Jr., Ernest L., Nancy and Margaret. Dr. David N. Dalton was born at Dalton, North Carolina, and his father being a man of large estate and prosperous circumstances was able to give him the best of advantages. However, he mingled with his early studies a practical service to his father in the mills and on the farm. After making known his choice for a professional career he entered in 1877 the University of North Caro- lina, where he carried on his studies two years. He began the study of medicine under Dr. Thomas W. Harris of Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Seeking the broader advantages and opportunities of New York City, he became a student in the medical de- partment of New York University where he was graduated in 1881. For the first two years Doctor Dalton practiced at Walnut Cove, but since then has had his home in Winston-Salem and his services have been in constant demand over since. He began practice before telephones and automobiles came into a physician 's life, and in recent years most of his work has been done in consultetion in his own ofliee. Doctor Dalton was married in 1887 to Louisa Wilson Bitting. Mrs. Dalton was born near Hunts- ville in Yadkin County, North Carolina, daughter of Joseph A. and Louisa (Wilson) Bitting. Her Grandfather Wilson was a prominent physician in his day. Doctor and Mrs. Dalton have three children: Margaret, Joseph N. and Wilson B. Doctor Dalton has long had active membership in the Forsyth County and North Carolina Medical societies. He is a member of Damon Lodge, No. 41, Knights of Pythias, and is a Presbyterian, while Mrs. Dalton is of the Episcopal faith. Cornelius M. McKaughan has for a number of years been officially identified with Forsyth County and is now serving as clerk of courts at Winston-Salem. He is one of the most popular men in the courthouse and has many times over justified the confidence of his fellow citizens in reposing in him the duties and responsibilities of public affairs. Mr. McKaughan was born on a farm in Kerners- ville Township of Forsyth County November 5, 1873. He is a son of Isaac Harrison and Esther (Robertson) McKaughan, a grandson of Archibald and Mary (Welch) McKaughan, a great-grandson of Hugh and Phebe (Pope) McKaughan, all con- stituting well known names in the history of this part of the state. Mr. McKaughan 's mother was a daughter of William Haley and Mahala (Lonus) Robertson. Cornelius M. McKaughan grew up at his father 'a home at Kernersville, attended the public schools there, and from the high school entered the Oak Ridge Institute for a commercial course. His education completed he accepted the position of deputy register of deeds at Winston, and gave faithful and conscientious work in that capacity for six years. His experience made him the logical candidate for chief in the oflSce and he was elected 26 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA and served one term. Followin? that for four years he was clerk in the sheriff 's office and in 1915 was appointed elerk of the courts to fill the unerpired term of R. J\. Transau, deceased. In 1916 Mr. McKaughan was regularly elected to the ofiBce. He was married October 4, 1906, to Leota Reed. Mrs. McKaughan was born in Old Richmond Town- ship, daughter of Elijah L. and Perinelia M. (Spease) Reed. They have one son, Robert Steele. Mr. McKaughan is affiliated with Fairview Coun- cil No. 19, Junior Order United American Mechanics and with Salem Lodge No. 36, Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows. He and his wife are members of the Calvary Moravian Church. Me. Fred M. Pabrish, born in 1880, Goochland County, Virginia — father Fred M. Parrisli, mother Hattie Lacey Parrish. Educated at Fork Union Academy, William Mary College and University of North Carolina. Lawyer in Winston-Salem. Jefpeeson Bostwick Couxcill. M. D. An ac- tive and prominent member of the medical fra- ternity of Rowan County, Jefferson B. Couneill, M. D., of Salisbury, has often been identified with important work in connection with his regular jjracticc, his wisdom and skill in dealing with difficult cases having gained for him the confidence of the entire community, and placed him among the leading jihysicians of the city. A son of Dr. William B. Couneill, he was born in Boone, Wa- tauga County, North Carolina, of English ancestry. His grandfather, Jordan Couneill, was born in England, and came with his parents, and his two brothers, Benjamin and Jesse, to North Carolina, settling in Watauga County in pioneer days. He assisted his father in clearing a homestead, but did not care to continue life as a farmer. Soon after attaining his majority, he embarked in mer- cantile pursuits, an occupation much to his tastes, and for which he was well fitted. At that early day there were no railways in the Carolinas, and all of his goods had to be transported with teams from Charleston, South Carolina, to Watauga County. Very successful as a merchant, he ac- cumulated considerable wealth, acquiring large tracts of land and many slaves. He married Sally Elizabeth Bowers, who was born in Ashe County, North Carolina, where her parents were pioneers. They reared four children, namely: James W. ; William B.; and Elizabeth, who married Col. G. N. Folk, a prominent lawyer, who served as a colonel in the Confederate army; and George E. Born in Watauga County, North Carolina, Feb- ruary 23, 1829, William B. Couneill acquired his elementary education in the schools of Caldwell County, and was subsequently graduated from the Charleston Medical College with the degree of M. D. He began the practice of medicine at Boone, but soon after the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in the Confederate army as a private; he won promotion from time to time through bravery and meritorious conduct until being made captain of his company. He was twice wounded, but escaped capture, and served until the close of the conflict. Resuming his practice in Boone, he re- mained there, an active and beloved physician until his death, at the age of seventy-two years. His wife, whose maiden name was Alice M. Bost- wiek, was born in the Sumter District, South Caro- lina, December 1, 1832. She is still living, and though upwards of four score years of age enjoys good health, and retains her interest in the topics of the day. She is the mother of sis children, as follows : Jefferson Bostwick, of this sketch ; Wil- liam B., Jr., a prominent lawyer and judge in Hickory, North Carolina ; Margaret ; Emma ; Isaac Lenoir, who is engaged in the real estate and mining business at Waynesville, this state; and Virginia. After his graduation from the Finley High School at Lenoir, Jefferson B. Couneill entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Baltimore, Maryland, where he was graduated with the class of 1884. Beginning the practice of his profession with his father in Boone, he remained there until 1888, gaining knowledge and experience of great value. Coming from there to Salisbury, Doctor Couneill has since built up an extensive and lucrative practice, and has won an assured posi- tion among the leading physicians of this section of the state. Doctor Couneill married, in 1899, Bessie Brandt Krider, a native of Salisbury. Her father, Charles C. Krider, who lost a leg while serving in the Con- federate army, was for many years sheriff of ^ Rowan County, holding the position at the time of his death. Doctor and Mrs. Couneill are the parents of five children, namely: Margaret Eliza- betli, Charles Bower, Jefferson B., Jr., Catherine Stokes, and Alice Virginia. The doctor is an active member of the Rowan County and the North Carolina State Medical so- cieties, and belongs to American Medical Associa- tion. Fraternally he is a member of Fulton Lodge No. 99, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Ma- sons: and of Salisbury Chapter No. 20, Royal Arch Masons. jAiiE.s Webb Matthews. In the expansion of important commercial concerns Rocky Mount, North Carolina, holds a foremost place in business development in Eastern Nortli Carolina, and a very creditable fact is that tliey have been founded and fostered by local capital and home enterprise. A commercial house here of solid standing, that has developed its business along quality lines, is tliat of Matthews, Weeks & Company, of which .James Webb Matthews, one of Rocky Mount 's represen- tative citizens, is the junior jiartner. James Webb Matthews was born at Rocky Mount, February 15, 1878. His parents were Gideon Taylor and Mary E. Matthews. The father was engaged in a general mercantile business here for many years and was '^"" of the city's honorable and respected business men. In the public schools and at Oak Ridge In- stitute James W. Matthews secured his general educational training and learned the principles of business while associated for a time with his father. Later he became connected with the firm of H. E. Brewer & Company, wholesale grocers, and thereby had training and experience which have proved exceedingly helpful since embarking in the same line for himself. In 1899 he found himself in a position to enter the wholesale trade and established the J. W. Matthews Wholesale Grocery and conducted a prosnerous business under "that caption until 1902, when, on account of the gi'owth of the same, more capital was needed to expand the enterprise advantageously and a partnership was formed, which combina- tion has continued until the present date. This is one of the largest houses in its line in this section and one of the most up-to-date. Its com- modities include both staple and fancy groceries, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 27 .pure food laws are observed in the stock, and courtesy aud honorable l.iusiuess methods are rules of the "house. Mr. Matthews has additional busi- ness interests, the Eocicy Mount Woodworking Company being one of tliese, of wdiieli he is secre- tary. Mr. Matthews was married April 27, 190-i, to Miss Estelle Weston, who was born in Mathews County, Virginia and is a daughter of Julius A. Weston who is a substantial farmer in that state. Mr. and Mrs. Matthews have two children : Florence Estelle and James Webb the last named born December 12, 1912. Mr. Matthews is a man of public spirit and much local pride and his main investments are at Rocky Mount. He is one of the directors of the National Bank of Becky Mount and is also on the directing board of the Rocky Mount Insurance & Realty Company. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order and belongs also to the Knights of Pythias. As a business man he is creilited with keen insight and sound judgment, and his everyday life with his fellow citizens proves neighborliness and good will and ensures him their respect and esteem. Henry Theodore Bahnson, M. D. A life filled with untold services, beyond all human reckoning, and one that should prove a lasting inspiration to the living, was that of the late Dr. Henry Theodore Bahnson of Winston-Salem. North Carolina may well take pride in such a character, and there is •reason to recall and remember what he was and what he did even more than the careers of some men who had perhaps a wider newspaper publicity. The story of his career is effectively and beauti- fully told in a memoir recently read by Bishop Rondthaler, and with only a few changes and omis- sions the following is substantially Bishop Rond- thaler 's words. Dr. Henry Theodore Bahnson was the son of Bishop George Frederick and Anna Gertrude Pauline (Conrad) Bahnson. He was a member of a large family, all of whom have now entered into rest with the exception of one surviving brother, the Rev. George Frederic Bahnson, pastor of the Moravian Church at Coopersburg, Penn- sylvania. Doctor Bahnson was born at Lancaster, Penn- sylvania, on March 6, 1845, and was baptised in his infancy. When four years old his father was called to the pastorate of the Moravian congrega- tion at Salem, North Carolina, where in after years he became the bishop of his church, rendering memorable service in maintaining hope anil courage among his people during the terrible ordeal of the Civil War. His son was destined to become, like his father, an eminent citizen and servant of this community, which throughout his life he loved as his home. As a boy he attended the old Salem Boys' School, from which he was transferred in 1858 to the well knowni Mora^'ian Institution of Nazareth Hall in Pennsylvania, whence he passed for his further education into the Moravian College and Theological Seminary at Bethlehem. One who remembers him from those early years recalls his alert, beautiful face, giving promise of a career which a long life has now worthily fulfilled. The year 1862 brought with it for him as for the yoimg manhood of the country a momentous change. Early in the year he returned home and at once volunteered in the Confederate army. Then came the stirring years of service under General Lee in the Army of Virginia. He was at first a private in Company G, Second North Caro- lina Battalion of Infantry. He was captured at Gettysburg and imprisoned in Baltimore City jail and Point Lookout, Maryland, for a period of six months — a brief time, it is true, but one which sowed the seed of intense suffering in many a subsequent year. In January, 1864, he was exchanged and in the course of the year was trans- ferred into Company B, First North Carolina Bat- talion of Sharpshooters, in which he became known for his fearless spirit in many a terrible encounter. He was with General Lee to the day of the sur- render at Appomattox, bright, active and unshaken to the very last hour before the coming of disaster. It was in this final struggle that he was appointed captain of the sharpshooters, but in the confusion of those days the commission could not be deliv- ered and he laid down his rifle as a private — a. fact to which in later years he often referred with pride. Paroled at Appomattox, he walked the long way home, arriving weary, sick and hungry at his father's door, after being given up for dead, in April, 1865. Active and fearless as he had been on the great scenes of warfare and deeply inter- ested in all his life in the veterans of the conflict and in their memorial occasions, his sympathetic spirit shrank with a peculiar horror from what he had seen and endured, so that for years he could hardly be persuaded to refer to these events, and especially to his own part in them; and when at last the ic« was somewhat broken his occasional addresses and papers, written in beautiful and vivid style, breathe out a tone of sympathy for all who suffered whether with him or against him, wliich make them to be among the choicest pieces of our great war literature. The war over, he began to prepare himself for the profession which he had chosen. In 1867 he graduated in the medical course of the University of Pennsylvania and received in addition his diploma in practical and surgical anatomy, the line in which he himself became especially eminent and in which he earned the lifelong friendship of the great specialist under whom he had been instructed. Dr. D. Hayes Agnew, of Philadelphia. Next he went abroad and studied at the Universities of Berlin, Prague and Utrecht, and finally returning home in 1869 entered upon his medical practice in Salem. His long service is a part of the medical history of his community and of Western North Carolina. The writer was once with him on a distant pleasure journey, when a child was presented to the doctor with a pitiful, distorted, suffering face. We can never forget how, under his sympathetic and skill- ful touch, the signs of suffering were smoothed away. A quick stitch here and there or slight incision gave the little face a pleasing, human look once more. It was as if a wonder had been wrought before our very eyes. So he went in and out, for nearly fifty years, among the sick and suffering. What he was for the needy, for the widows, for God 's ministering servants, probably no one will ever know or even guess at except perhaps some pastor whose work might lead him into the same homes and on similar occasions for service. Some thirty years ago he became the house physician of the Salem College and Academy. This appointment grew into a wide field for his particular gifts and capa- 28 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA bilities. He had a native genius for diagnosis, so perfected by long study and practice that he became a very precious help to those in charge by skillful advice, which either comforted parents at a distance or warned them of unexpected dangers in case of their children. He loved the institution and cherished its students. As a lover of flowers, his own rich stores were at the frequent disposal of the academy on its great occasions and of its pupils in times of illness. His last notable service was in the spring of 1916 when he led the com- pletely successful effort to ward off a threatening epidemic from the college, an effort so wisely planned and carried out as to cause the commenda- tion of federal and state inspectors and to deserve the lasting gratitude of the institution and of the community. Such a career naturally called for wide commendation, both at home and abroad. He was at the time of his death surgeon of the Southern Eailway System and president of its Board of Surgeons and also chief surgeon of the Winston-Salem Southbound Eailway Company. He had been president of the North Carolina Medical Society, president of the State Board of Health, secretary of the State Board of Examiners, member of the Board of Directors of the State Hospital at Morganton, member of the American Public Health Association, of tlie Tri-State Medical Association, honorary member of the Virginia and other medical societies, and at the time of his departure his nomination lay before the National Board of United States Surgeons. He was the first commander of Piedmont Com- mandery No. 6 on its organization, and held the office for a number of years. He was a Thirty- second Degree Mason and was elected to receive the thirty-third degree, but was prevented by cir- cumstances beyond his control from attending the meeting at which he was to receive the degree. Of the many fine qualities of mind and heart that have already been alluded to the one that stands out as most characteristic is courage, both physical and moral. He was a man of strong con- victions, which he dared maintain with force and boldness. He was no trimmer. And his was more than the courage that flares up and shortly dies down — not alone the gallantry of the battle field that vpith cheerfulness faced death at the cannon's mouth, but also of the finer quality that for years bore with fortitude the suffering incident to a diseased elbow joint and for months the heart- rending agonies of the agina pectoris which caused his death. He was married November 3, 1870, to Miss Adelaide de Schweinitz, daughter of Bishop de Schweinitz. The young wife was quickly called from his side on August 3, 1871. His second mar- riage, on April 14, 1874, was to Miss Emma C. Pries. Their union was blessed with six children. Two of them, Henry and Carrie, died in childhood. The four surviving are: Frederic P. and Agnew Bahnson, both mentioned on other pages; Mrs. Holt Haywood, of New York; and Miss Pauline Bahnson. It was a most affectionate family circle and one in which helpers and dependents were most kindly considered. And the end corresponded to the way in which they had journeyed together. Wife, daughters and sons were in constant attend- ance in and around the sufferer 's sick chamber. Doctor Bahnson had been baptised in his infancy. He was confirmed in the First Church of Philadelphia on July 29, 1866. His religious convictions had been deepened during the war. He had read the Greek New Testament through from cover to cover as he carried it in his knapsack through the weary marches of the long campaigns. These convictions abode with him for a lifetime. The reading of the scriptures and family devo- tions were steady and unfailing rules of his life, and his character and practice of his profession corresponded with his religious Cliristian views. He entered freely into religious interests and was one of the most faithful subscribers to the Young Men's Christian Association. He dearly loved the church of his father and mother; served in its various offices; liberally aided in its work; was a member of its college and seminary boards at the time of his departure. For years he had been a sufferer, to whom occa- sional journeys and seasons of recreation afforded but partial relief, and to whom outdoor life, almost to the end, proved to be the main and blessed tonic of refreshment. Amid increasing physical burdens he resolutely continued his medi- cal work until on September 8, 1916, the weary frame had to cease from its lifelong toil. Then with fortitude, with faith, and with the promise of the grace given by his Saviour, he entered into rest January 16, 1917, aged seventy-one years, ten months, twelve days. Frederic Fries Bahnson. A son of the late Dr. H. T. Bahnson, whose life work has been recorded on other ])ages, Frederic Pries Bahnson during his youth had an ambition to follow in his father's footstejis, but failing eyesiglit compelled him to give up his studies in medicine and he turned to a more active vocation and has gained successful prominence in the field of electrical and mechanical engineering, particularly in his chosen field of air conditioning. He was born in Winston-Salem March 6, 1876, son of Dr. Henry T. and Emma Christina (Fries) Bahn.son. He prepared for college in the Salem Boys' School and entered the University of North Carolina vrith the class of 1S96. He was gradu- ated Ph. B., cum laude, and for the next few months diligently pursued his studies in medi- cine. On being obliged to discontinue this work he took up electrical engineering, and for seven years followed that work, most of the time away from his old home. On returning to Winston- Salem he was for five years associated with the P. & H. Fries Woolen Mills, then for two years with the Briggs Shaffner Company, mechanical engineers and machinists. Since then Mr. Bahnson has been head of the engineering department of the Normalair Company of Winston-Salem, de- voting his time to problems in air conditioning. He was married in 1910 to Blecker Estelle Reid. Mrs. Bahnson was born in Charlotte, North Caro- lina, daughter of Edward S. and Naunie (Alex- ander) Reid. They have two sons, Frederic Fries Bahnson, Jr., and Edward Reid Bahnson. Mr. and Mrs. Bahnson are members of the Home Moravian Church. He served as secretary of the committee which drew up the present rules of the Moravian "Congregation of Salem and Its Vicinity," has served on boards of the congregation and in 1917, was made an elder in the Home Moravian Church. He has taken an active part in Masonry, being affiliated with Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, is Past High Priest of Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons, and HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Past Commander of Piedmont Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar. He is a member of the Ameri- can Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, and an associate member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Agnew Hunter Bahnson. One of the leading mill men and manufacturers of the Winston-Salem industrial community is Agnew Hunter Bahnson, who found his real work early in life and has devoted himself to it with a spirit, enthusiasm and energy that sufficiently well accounts for his rapid advancement and his secure position when only a little past his thirtieth birthday. Mr. Bahnson was born at Salem March 10, 1S86, a son of the late Dr. Henry T. and Emma Christina (Fries) Bahnson. Of his father, one of the greatest physicians and kindliest men North Carolina ever had, an appropriate sketch appears on other pages of this publication. The son was liberally educated and had the best of home training. He attended private school, the Salem Boys' School, and in 1906 graduated from the University of North Carolina. For the follow- ing year he traveled abroad, and then with all that a liberal education and a knowledge of the world could give him he entered upon an apprenticeship in the Mayo Mills at Mayodan in Rockingham County. As an apprentice he worked for 65 cents a day. He continued his apprenticeship in the Washington Mills at Fries, Virginia, and had not been there long when he was advanced to the duties of the loom fixer. After a few months he liecame superintendent of the Pomona Mills at Greensboro, but soon resigned to become agent of the Washington Mills at Fries, Virginia. While there he was not only agent but manager of the mills and store and also the town, a place of 1,800 inhabitants. It was a work that required great executive and administrative ability and he . performed his duties with utmost satisfaction for two years. Resigning, he was engaged in the sale of cotton mill machinery until 1912, when he was elected secretary and treasurer of the Arista Mill Com- pany at Winston-Salem. He has been actively identified with that large local corporation ever since, and in 1915 was elected president and treas- urer. Tn tlie fall of 1915 he also organized the Normalair Company, and has been president of this biisiness. The company has its factory in Winston - Salem, and though in existence less than two years has developed a flourishing business. Its machin- ery products are shipped to all the states, to Canada, Mexico and Cuba, and to six other for- eign countries. The company maintains offices in New York, St. Louis and Charlotte. Mr. Bahnson was married November 18, 1914, to Miss Elizabeth Moir Hill, who was born in Winston-Salem, daughter of William P. and Elizabeth (Ogburn) Hill. Mr. and Mrs. Bahnson have one son, Agnew Hunter, Jr. They are active members of the Home Moravian Church, with Mr. Bahnson as president of its board of trustees. He is also president of the Moravian Brotherhood of the Southern Province and a member of the Young Men's Christian Association Board of Directors. He is an officer of the North Carolina Cotton Manufacturers ' Association. Douglas Alexander Nance has been enrolled among the successful members of the Winston- Salem bar since 1911. He is a lawyer of thorough scholarship and mature accomplishments, and has already made a mark in the profession. What he has attained has been due to the energy of his own nature and a determined ambition. He w.as born in a log cabin in Western Prong Tovvn- ship of Columbus County, North Carolina, and he gained his education largely through his own efforts. His great-grandfather Daniel Nance was a native of England and on coming to America set- tled in that part of Bladen County now included in Columbus County, North Carolina. David Nance, grandfather of the Winston-Salem lawyer, was born in Columbus County and was a farmer. His wife, whose maiden name was Eliza Shipman, died at the age of eighty-one years. Her ancestors were among the pioneers of Bladen County. The grandparents reared four children: Richard, M,arsha]l, Edward and Alexander. Of these Rich- ard was a Confederate soldier, died during the war, and was buried at Wilmington. Alexander Nance, father of Douglas A., was horn in Columbus County, North Carolina, in September, 1854, and has made farming his regu- lar vocation. After his marriage he bought a tract of land in Western Prong Township and started his household and business on a small scale. Industry and good judgment enabled him to meet the critical times of his career successfully, and as a result of long and thorough experience he la now a farmer on an extensive scale. He married Virginia Douglas Bridgers, daughter of Eugene Bridgers, and they have reared ten children: Luther, Sallie. who died ,at the age of eighteen, Douglas A., Claude, Marshall, Henry, Richard, Alexander, Laura, and Mattie. Douglas A. Nance was educated in the rural schools, in the High School of Lumberton, and prepared for college at Buiss Creek Academy. He took his law studies in Wake Forest College, and in 1911 was admitted to the bar. Since then Mr. Nance has practiced successfully at Winston and his achievements as a lawyer leave no doubt as to his thorough qualifications for the profession. In his career, both at home and in his profes- sion, he has been ably assisted by his cultured wife. Mrs. Nance, whose maiden name was Stella Elizabeth Phelps, was born in a log cabin in Old- town Township of Forsyth County. They were married in 1904. Her father Melvin Phelps was born in McPherson County, North Carolina, January 16, 1845, and when only seventeen years of age he entered the Confederate Army and going to the front participated in many hard fought battles and was twice wounded. After the war he settled down to the peaceful occupation of farm- ing in Oldtown Township and besides cultivating his crops he worked at the carpenter's trade. His death in 1900 was due to an accident on the rail- road. Melvin Phelps married Nancy Paulina Grubb, who was born in Oldtown Township in 1857, daughter of John and Mary Ann <Aldridge) Grubb. Her father was a farmer, spent his life in Forsyth County, and her mother died there at the age of eighty-four. Mrs. Nance is one of three children, her two brothers being William Ells- worth and Roscoe Drake. Mrs. Nance was liberally educated. She attended the Winston graded schools and in 1898 graduated in the commercial course from Salem Academy College and from the literary depart- ment in 1900. During the summer of 1916 she attended the law department of the University of North Carolina. She had also studied law in the 30 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA office of her husband, and in the summer of 1917 she passed the examination of the Supreme Court. She then took the oath in the Superior Court before Judge W. J. Adams, and was ac- corded the distinction of being the first woman to be sworn in as an attorney at Winston-Salem. She is now associated with her husband in prac- tice. Mr. and Mrs. Nance are active members of the First Baptist Church. He is affiliated with Twin City Camp No. 27 Woodmen of the World, Salem Lodge No. 56, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Liberty Council No. .3, Junior Order of United American Mechanics and Winston Lodge No. 449, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Both he and his wife are members of Evangeline Rebekah Lodge No. 27. Vestal Taylor has spent his life in Surry County, is a farmer by occupation, but for many years has been concerned with official duties. He is a former county siirveyor and register of deeds, and the people of that community have looked upon him for leadership in many matters of im- portance. Mr. Taylor was liorn in Westfield Township of Surry County October 29, 1870. His grandfather, Thomas Taylor, was a native of Virginia, and on coming to North Carolina located in Westfield Township where he bought a farm and where he spent many years. He finally sold his position and with his wife and son, Newell, and daughter, Mary, moved west to Utah, where he and his wife spent their last years. Two of their sons, Martin and Henry, remained in North Carolina. Martin Taylor, father of Vestal, was born ac- cording to the best information obtainable in Wcstlicld Township of Surry County. For his time he acquired a good education, and was a school teacher. He bought land in Westfield Town- ship and followed general farming for many years. During the war he was exempt from service on account of physical disability. He continued to live on his farm until his death in 1910 at the age of seventy-five. He married Mary Ann Sum- mers, who was born in Westfield Township, a daughter of .Jonas and Betsy (luman) Summers. Her death occurred when she was sixty-nine years of age. Her children were: Tizzie; Martha, who married .Tames Mclver; Vestal; Mickey, who mar- ried John T. Inman ; and Eliza, who married Job McGee. Vestal Taylor during his childhood attended the district schools and also the Mount Airy High School. At the age of eighteen he taught his first term of school. It was his practice to teach a part of each year and the rest of the time was spent as a farmer. Mr. Taylor located on his jiresent farm in 1910. This is near the Village of White Plains. Besides general farming Mr. Tay- lor has deplt extensively in horses and other live- stock and has attained a substantial business posi- tion in the community. In 1892 he married Nannie Nichols, who was born in Eldora Township of Surry County, a daugh ter of William A. and Martha (Marshall) Nichols, The family of Mr. and Mrs. Taylor comprise four children, Bertie P., Perry, Alma and Herbert R, The daughter, Bertie, is the wife of Maurice E Miller, and they have a son, Billy. Mr. Taylor has for years lieen one of the lead ing and influential reiiublicans of Surry County. He cast his first presidential vote for Benjamin Harrison. Various official dignities have been con- ferred upon him. When he was a very young man in 1893 he was elected county surveyor and by re-election was continued in that office for twelve years. He was then elected register of deeds and served four years, and in 1912 was a candidate for sheriff. Throughout his official and jirivate career Mr. Taylor has been a constant advocate of good roads, and at the present time is superintendent of roads in Mount Airy Township. He is also chairman of the Mount Airy Township School Board, and was one of the men chiefly in- strumental in establishing the high school at White Plains in 1916, in which year the high school build- ing was erected. Mr. Taylor is now serving as chairman of the executive committee of the re- ]iublican party of Surry County. Tho.mas Meares Green, M. D. Many well earned distinctions have come to Doctor Green during his active career as a surgeon, and his reputation is by no means confined to his home City of Wilmington but has brought him prom- inently before the medical fraternity of the state at large. Doctor Green was born at Wilmington March 28, 1879, a. son of William Henry and Frances Iredell (Meares) Green. His father was a drug- gist and the atmos|)here of that business no doubt had some influence over Doctor Green's choice of a permanent profession. He was well edu- cated in the public schools, under private tuition and in the Cape Fear Academy. He spent two years in the medical department of the University of North Carolina taking special work in chemistry at the same time. Later two years were spent in the University of Maryland, where he was gradu- ated in 1900. For three years after taking his degree he was employed as a surgeon in the hos- jiital of the Maryland University and St. Joseph's of Baltimore, Maryland. In 1903 Doctor Green located at Wilmington, and his work has been' almost exclusively in the field of surgery. He is a member of the surgical staff of the James Walker Memorial Hosjiital and is a surgeon of the Seaboard Air Line Railway Company. Doctor Green has membership in the New Hanover County Medical Society, the Third Dis- trict, the North Carolina and the Tri-State Medi- cal societies, the Southern and the American Medical associations. He is a member of the Cape Fear Country Club, the Carolina Yacht Clul), is a Chapter Mason and Knight of Pythias, and be- longs to the college fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsi- Ion. November 16, 190.5, Doctor Green married Emma West, daughter of Henry P. and Rebecca (Love) West. They have two children, Emma West Green and Mary West Green. Walter Reade Johnson, now a successful mem- ber of the Winston-Salem bar, has .spent his life in this section of North Carolina, and for a number of years was engaged in commercial lines, chiefly as a traveling salesman. He has succeeded in building up a very fine practice and is a man of the highest standing both in his profession and as a citizen. He was born in Yadkin Township of Stokes County, North Carolina, October 14, 1884. He comes of old Virginia ancestry. His great-grand- father, William Johnson, was born in Stokes County, North Carolina, where he remained during his life, and bought upwards of 1,000 acres of HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 31 land in Yadkin Township of Stokes County. His extensive plantation he operated with slave labor and lived there until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Temperance Kiser. Both lived to a good old age. William Wade Johnson, grandfather of Walter B., was born May 23, 1835, and inherited from his father a tract of land and subsequently bought more. He followed farming all his life, and at the time of his death owned about 300 acres. During the war he was a member of the Home Guard, physical disability having exempted from active service in the field. He married Susan Leake, who was born in the north part of Stokes County, daughter of Peter and Betsy Leake, pioneers in that section of the state. William Wade .Johnson died at the age of seventy-two, his wife living to the age of eighty-two. James Thomas Johnson, father of the Winston- Salem lawyer, was born in Yadkin Township of Stokes County November 8, 1857, and has enjoyed a substantial position as a farmer. He bought a farm from his father a half mile from the old homestead, and is still managing it as a general farming proposition. He married Regina Edwards. She was horn in Yadkin Township of Stokes County May 23, 1863. Her grandfather, Nathan Edwards, was a native of Stokes County, where he spent his life. Her father, Solomon Edwards, was born in Stokes County in 1S40, gave his active life- time to farming and also served as coroner and sheriff of the county. Solomon Edwards married Amelia Ann Westmoreland, a native of Stokes County. Solomon Edwards died in 1891, while his widow is still living, being eighty-two years old. Mr. and Mrs. James T. Johnson had seven children: Walter Keade, Claudia, Mallie, Nellie, Paul, Eflae and Thelma. The early enyironment of Walter Reade Johnson was his father 's farm. He attended the dis- trict schools, and while still a schoolboy gained his first practical knowledge of commercial life. His father having given him the use of a small tract of land, the boy planted a. crop of tobacco, and after it had Ijeen cut he took it to Winston. Here he had a transaction which showed his judgment. The dealer offered him fifteen dollars and also one-half of all above that figure that the tobacco would bring at auction. The lot sold for fifteen dollars and forty cents, showing that the first price was a fair estimate of the real value. After a few terms in the district school Mr. Johnson attended the Mountain View Institute and later Dalton Academy. Wlien nineteen years old he taught a term of school at Corinth but soon went on the road as a traveling salesman. He sold goods over his terri- tory until 1906, and while he made a good living at this he was not satisfied to continue it indefi- nitely. With what he had earned he entered the University of North Carolina, where for a time he devoted himself to special studies, and then took nri the regular law course. He was graduated in 1909, and in the same year opened his office in Winston-Salem. In 1910 Mr. Johnson married Miss Lou MUhol- land. Mrs. Johnson was born in Statesville, Iredell County, North Carolina, daughter of Newton and Ella (Edwards) Milholland. Mr. and Mrs. John- son have three children : Gretchen, Dorothy and Walter Reade, Jr. They are active members of the Brown Memorial Baptist Church of Winston- Salem, while Mr. Johnson is affiliated with Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Mason, and Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons. In polities he is a democrat. William H. Marler came to Winston Salem when a young man, was a mercantile clerk for a number of years, got into business on his own account, and has been steadily building up a busi- ness house in proportion to the growing importance of Winston-Salem. He is now one of the leading wholesalers in Western North Carolina. Mr. Marler was born in Jonesville in Yadkin County, North Carolina. His father, Hon. John G. Marler, was a native of Virginia, was liberally educated, and on coming to North Carolina became principal of the Van Eaton School at Jonesboro. He rapidly gained prominence in public affairs, and in 1870 was elected a member of the lower house of the State Legislature, was re-elected in 1872, and in 1874, was elected a member of the State Senate for the Thirty-third District, includ- ing Yadkin and Surrey counties. His public serv- ice both in the House and Senate was given in the stirring times of Reconstruction days. When partisanship was at its height, when passion and bitterness were ' controlling factors, he showed a serene and unruffled spirit and proved of inesti- mable value to the constructive work of the Legislative body. In 1876 he was re-elected to the Senate, and his sudden death in 1877 occurred while the Senate was still in session. Senator Marler married Sallie Stimpson. She was born in Virginia in 1844 and died in 1915. They reared five children: William H., Mamie, Blanch, Dr. J. J. and Sallie. William H. Marler had the advantages of the public schools of Yadkin County, including the Whittington School at Jonesboro taught by Prof. T. H. Whittington. He was eighteen years of ago when he came to Winston, and he learned business in a practical fashion as clerk in the retail store of J. F. Gilmer. The six years he spent in that capacity were years of hard work, of faithful attention to his duties and a growing responsibility and capacity. At the end of that time he became a partner, linder the name Gilmer & Marler. Five years later Mr. Gilmer's sons were admitted to the firm, which took the new title of Gilmer, Marler & Company. The business became both retail and wholesale." After a few years Mr. R. E. Dalton was admitted to the firm and not long afterward the Gilmer brothers sold their interests, and the house was incorporated, with Mr. Marler as presi- dent and treasurer. In July, 1915. Mr. Marler sold his interest in that concern and in January, 1916, esta,blished himself in the wholesale busi- ness, chiefly as a jobber, selling direct to the trade from the factories. His house now handles the products of several local mills, and his salesmen cover a territory over several southern states. Mr. Marler was married June 5, 1886, to Miss Ella George. Mrs. Marler was born in Winston- Salem, daughter of Peter and Martha (Bowman) George. They have reared five children, named William G., Grady, Evelyn, Robert and Ralph. Mr. Marler is one of the stewards of the West End Methodist Episcopal Church. South. He is affili- ated with Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. KiMBRO M. Thompson. Noteworthy among the esteemed and respected residents of Jonesville, Yadkin County, is Kimbro M. Thompson, who 32 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA lor many years was an importaut factor in promot- ing the mercantile and business interests of the community in which he now lives. A native of Surry County, he was born, February 1, 1859, on a. farm lying four miles southeast of Mount Airy, North Carolina. His father, Cohmibus Thompson, was born on a farm in Surry County, about ten miles west of Dobson, and his grandfather, Elijah Thompson, was born in the same locality. Joseph Thompson, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, married Isabella Henderson, of Albemarle County, Virginia, and with his bride came to North Carolina, settling as a pioneer in Surry County. In 1780 he erected a substantial frame house, the boards used being whip sawed, while all of the nails were hand wrought. With the assistance of slaves he cleared and improved a good farm, on which he and his wife spent the remainder of their years. Elijah Thompson learned the trade of a tan- ner when young, and also acquired proficiency as a farmer while living with his parents. Subse- quently buying land on Mitchell 's River, three miles below the parental homestead, he operated, with slave labor, a tannery, and his farm. He served as a soldier in the War of 1812, but other- wise resided on his plantation until his death, at the age of seventy-four years. He married Martha Cleveland Franklin, a daughter of Shadrach and Judith (Talliferio) Franklin, and granddaughter of Bernard and Mary Franklin. Eight children were born of their union, as follows : Benjamin, Columbus, Kimbro, Sally, Shadrach, Mary F., Bettie, and Kittie L. Columlius Tliompson became an expert tanner and farmer under his father's wise training. Soon after attaining his majority, he bought a farm four miles southeast of Mount Airy, and there established a tannery which he operated in con- nection with general farming, during the progress •of the Civil war being detailed to furnish leather and other supplies to the army. He lived to the ripe old age of eighty-nine years, dying on the home farm. The maiden name of his wife was Mary A. Cockerham. She was born in Surry ■County, Mitchells River, a daughter of Joseph and Polly (Marshall) Cockerham. She died in 1868, leaving three children, Mary Jane, Kimliro M. and Benjamin H. Mary Jane, married Columbus F. McMickel ; to this union four children were born : John, Addie, Kittie and Sallie; John married Mal- lie Coruett of Virginia, Kittie married Peter Beamcr of Mount Airy, North Carolina; Sallie married Frank Thompson of Kapps Mills, Surry County. Benjamin H. married America Bryan, daughter of Gen. John Q. A. and Martha Bryan, of near Traphill, Wilkes County, North Carolina. To this union was born two children, B. Harton and Mary Atholene. Acquiring a practical education in the district school, Kimbro M. Thompson, while assisting his father, became thoroughly familiar with the vari- ous branches of agriculture, and also with the tanner 's trade. When he had attained the age of twenty-one years, his father gave him land lying on Mitchells River, about two miles from the farm on which his great-grandfather once lived. Mr. Thomjison had learned surveying when young, and subsequently for twelve years he served as county surveyor in Surry County. Superintending the work of his farm, he lived upon it until 1900, when he sold that estate, and settled in Yadkin County. Purchasing property in Jonesville, Mr. Thompson embarked in mercantile pursuits, and continued in business as a merchant until 1916, meeting with success in his operations. On September 4, 1887, Mr. Thpnipson was united in marriage with Emma Frances Bryan. She was born in Alleghany County, North Caro- lina, a daughter of Francis and Bettie (Moore) Bryan, and granddaughter on the paternal side of Thomas and Nancy (Baugus) Bryan, natives of Wilkes County, this state, while on the ma- ternal side she was a granddaughter of Benjamin and Susan (Barber) Moore. The Bryan, Moore and Barber families were among the pioneer set- tlers of the northwestern part of North Carolina and Southern Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have four children, namely: Alonzo A., Grove L., Mabel A., and Rosa E. Alonzo A. married Lizzie Burgess of Ten- nessee; Grove L. married Mabel Finney, daughter of Wesley and Mary (Adams) Finney, arid they have one child, Dorris Lee. On October 1, 1917, Grover was drafted into the National army. He was sent to Camp Jackson, but after staying there awhile, was selected as an expert machinist to go to Camp Hancock, Augusta, Georgia, after remain- ing there two months he was sent to Camp Mer- ritte. New Jersey, sailing for France on February 20, 1918. Mabel A. married Wonderfer A. Finney, son of Franklin and Laura (Martin) Finney. Rosa E. married Richard C. Minnish, son of WU- liam and Annie L. (Brendle) Minnish, to this union three children have been born. Iris Evelyn, Russell Bryan, and Mabel Frances. Fraternally Mr. Thompson is a non-affiliating member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons, and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Addi.son Guy RiCAtro. The position of Addi- son Guy Ricaud as a member of the Wilmington bar is tersely and well set forth in an endorsement signed by a large majority of the most prominent members of the Wilmington bar urging Mr. Ricaud 's appointment to the vacancy on the bench of the Eighth Judicial Circuit in 1915. A para- graph of this endorsement reads as follows : ' ' Mr. Ricaud is a lawyer of wide and varied experience in the practice of his profession ; is a man of marked ability; a gentleman of high character; is in the prime of life; and we believe, if ap- jiointed, he will discharge the duties of the high office with great abUity to himself and to the State. ' ' Another candidate was given the preference in the appointment as judge of the Superior Court, but the opinion entertained by his eminent fellow lawyers of his ability has made him none the less valuable as a citizen of Wilmington and his po- sition as a lawyer has long been assured. He was born in Washington, North Carolina, December 11, 1858, a son of Thomas Page and Anna M. (King) Ricaud. His father was a prom- inent minister of the Methodist Church, and for over fifty years, beginning about 1845, was con- nected with the North Carolina Conference. Mr. A. G. Ricaud obtained his early education in the Albermarle High School, in Olin College, and pursued the study of law under the late Governor D. L. Russell. Upon his admission to the bar in January, 1879, he formed a partnership with C4overnor Russell, and they were associated on terms of mutual agreeability and profit for ten years. For a time his partner was Solomon C. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 33 Weill. Mr. Eieaud in 1898 moved, to New York City, and during the ten years spent there had a wide and varied metropolitan experience as a lawyer. Since 1908 he has resumed his place in the bar of Wilmington, and handles a large gen- eral practice. He has always been active in the interests of the democratic" party, which was the partisan faith of his ancestors, and has rendered valuable service to his home municipality. He served as mayor of Wilmington from 1891 to 189o, and was also an alderman for two years. On September 11, 1900, he married Mrs. Marion M. (Murrell) Palfrey, of Louisville, Kentucky. Ellis H. Spainhour, M. D. Winston-Salem has had one of its most capable physicians and sur- geons in the person of Doctor Spainhour, who came to this city during the calamitous times of the smallpox epidemic some fifteen or sixteen years ago. He rendered a notable service at the time in effectively controlling the epidemic and has ever since been advantageously situated as a physician and as a public spirited citizen. Doctor Spainhour represents one of the very old families of Western North Carolina. He is descended from one of two brothers, Avon and Joseph, who were pioneers of Stokes County. The name at different times was spelled in different ways. The first record shows that John Spoen- hauer came to North Carolina in 1755. In the first United States census of North Carolina, taken in 1790, the name is spelled Spanehaur. Doctor Spainhour was born on a farm in old Richmond Township of Forsyth County, North Carolina. His grandfather, Solomon Spainhour, was a native of Stokes County and the father, William Windom Spainhour, was born near Dalton in Stokes County. Grandfather Spainhour kept a stage station near Dalton, also operated a farm, and as was true of many of the early ssttlers operated a distillery. He married a Miss Conrad, also of pioneer stock. Both lived to a good old age. They reared three sons, Theophilus, William W. and Wesley, and daughters named Harriet and Amelia. Theophilus settled a few miles from the homestead on the Little Yadkin River, while Wes- ley went out to Iowa. William W. Spainhour grew up on the old farm in Stokes County, acquired knowledge of agricul- tural pursuits, and after leaving home bought land about four miles from his father. There he engaged in general farming, but with his brother Theophilus he also owned and operated a custom flour mill. In that locality, with growing honor and prosperity, he lived until his death at the advanced age of seventy-nine. He married Pamelia Grabbs. She was born at Bethania, then located in Stokes County. Her father was John Grabbs and her mother a Miss Shore, both being of early German ancestry. Pamelia Grabbs had a brother Edwin and two sisters, Felicia and Gelina. Pamelia died at the age of seventy-nine. Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Spainhour reared nine chil- dren: Eben F., Ellen, John S., Edward G., Seaton B., Laura F., William W., Ellis H. and Alice C, the last two being twins. While his life work has been in towns and con- nection with professional affairs, Doctor Spain- hour grew up in a rural atmosphere. He attended district schools, also the Dalton Institute and the Pinnacle Academy, located a few miles from Dal- ton, and on seriously beginning the preparation tor medicine he entered the Baltimore Medical College, of Baltimore, Maryland. Doctor Spain- hour satisfactorily completed his course anB was given his degree in 1898. For a year or so he practiced at Oldtown, but in 1900, upon the break- ing out of smallpox in Winston, he came to this city and accepted the dangerous and difficult posi- tion of city health ofBcer. The duties of that position having been satisfactorily discharged he remained at Winston in general practice. He is a man of broad interests and generous sympathies. He is affiliated with the Forsyth County Medical Society, the North Carolina State Medical Society, the Southern Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He also belongs to the Sociological Congress. Fraternally he is a member of Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Salem Lodge No. 36, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Salem Encamp- ment No 20, of the Odd Fellows, and Evangeline Rebekah Lodge No. 27. James Orr Cobb is one of the most progressive and energetic of the younger business element at Winston-Salem, where he is officially identified with several of the well-known business organizations. He was born in Greensboro, North Carolina, Oc- tober 12, 1892, a son of James S. Cobb, a native of Caswell County and a grandson of Henry W. Cobls Henry W. Cobb, who was of English ances- try, had a plantation in Caswell County and died there in the prime of life, leaving his son James S. and four other sons to assist the widowed mother in the management of the farm. James S. Cobb spent his early life on the plantation, acquired a good business education, and subsequently re- moved to Greensboro to engage in the business of buying and selling leaf tobacco. That busi- ness he has continued to the present time, and now has charge of the purchasing department of the Liggett Myers Company of St. Louis. James S. Cobb married Nannie Orr, who was born in Caswell County, daughter of Ezekiel and Annie (Forrest) Orr of Scotch ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. James S. Cobb, have four children: James Orr, Annie Forrest, Mary Howard and John B. A liberal education preceded Mr. James O. Cobb 's entrance into business affairs. He attended public school at Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Rich- mond, Virginia, and Durham, North Carolina, and is a graduate with the degree of bachelor of sci- ence from Davidson College. Following that he took postgraduate courses in economics at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Cobb located at Winston-Salem in the fall of 191.3, and at once entered the real estate busi- ness. He is now an official member of the fol- lowing organizations: President of the Leake- Cobb Company, real estate; president of the Serv- ice Insurance Company; president of the Standard Improvement Company of Winston-Salem; vice president of the Citizens Building and Loan Asso- ciation; president of the Corner Building Com- pany; president of the Home Agency Company of Durham ; vice president of the Jas. T. Catlin & Sou Co. of Danville, Virginia; vice president of Bar- ber & Cobb, Inc., Winston-Salem ; and president of the Mecklenburg Spring Company of Mecklen- burg County, Virginia. Mr. Cobb is also well known in social and club life and is a member of the Twin City Club and the Forsyth Country Club. In 1918 Mr. Cobb expects to enter the army. 34 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Hon. John Henry Clement of Mocksville was bom on a farm four miles from that town in Davie County October 1, 1828. While now suffer- ing the infirmities of old age, he deserves a tribute as one who played a prominent part in his active career. His father, Godfrey Clement, was a native of the same locality and his grandfather, Henry Clem- ent, was born in Germany and was one of three brothers to come to America. Henry Clement bought land a mile south of the present site of Mocksville, and was an extensive planter with the aid of slaves until his death. He reared four sons named John, Henry, Godfrey and Jesse, and two daughters, Polly and Sallie. Godfrey Clement spent his life as a farmer in what is now David County, and died about 1831, when John H. was three years of age. The mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Brown, survived her husband only a few years. John H. Clement attended the rural schools during his youth and ill health compelled him to forego the privileges of a college education. In May, 1862, he went into the Confederate army as a member of Company F, Forty-second North Carolina troops, and was with that regiment in its many battles in Virginia until the close of the war. Mr. Clement reached home on May 10, 1865, and then lived on the old homestead farm until his marriage to Mary Emily Foster, daughter of Berry and Emily Foster. Mrs. Clement died in November, 1915. She was the mother of six chU- dren, Mary, John H., Foster, Abram, Fred and Sarah. Mr. Clement was for many years prominent in public affairs. He represented his party in the Legislature in 1866-67 and in the Senate in 1876-77. He has also served as a county commissioner. He and his wife long had an active part in the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, South. . Joseph "Wallace Little. A large fund of sound natural ability plus a very energetic appli- cation to his preliminary work brought Joseph Wallace Little to membership in the North Caro- lina bar before he was twenty-one years of age. He was admitted to the bar in February, 1907, and his twenty-first birthday was April 30 of the same year. His early education was received in the public schools and the North Carolina Military Academy at Red Springs, and also a business college course at Richmond, Virginia. He earned his own living while studying the law privately, being employed as a stenograi)her, ami thus be brought to his jiractice a thorough train- ing in self reliance. In the past ten years he has come to a very secure position as one of the mem- bers of the bar of Wilmington, and has also formed some important Ijusiness relations. Mr. Little was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, a son of Junius Warren and Eliza- beth S. (McKenzie) Little. His father was a farmer, and the son spent his early years at the old homestead. Mr. Little is now vice president of the Home Savings Bank of Wilmington, president of the Wilmington Printing Company, president of the Pythian Castle Hall Corporation, secretary and treasurer of the Progressive Building & Loan Association. He is also prominent in politics, having served as chairman of the New Hanover County Democratic Committee and as a member of the State Democratic Committee, and in 1916 was candidate for Congress from tlie Sixth Con- gressional District. He is the New Hanover County chairman of the National War Savings Committee, a member of the North Carolina Bar Association, the American Bar Association, the Cape Fear Club, the Cape Fear Country Club, the Carolina Yacht Club, and fraternally is identified with the Knights of Pythias, the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, the Woodmen of the World, the Royal Arcanum. He is a deacon in the First Presbyterian Church. November 16, 1909, Mr. Little married Miss Grace Creelman Turlington, of Wilmington. She is a daughter of William H. and Grace (Creel- man) Turlington. Her father was a Wilmington merchant. Thomas Maslin has been a resident of Winston- Salem since he was twenty-one years of age, and has become an im,portant factor in financial circles, being now president of the Merchants National Bank of that city. He has a very interesting ancestral line and is himself a native of the City of Baltimore, Mary- land. His ancestors originally lived in Belgium, where they spelled the name Malines. They were Protestants, of the Huguenot class, and on account of religious persecution tied from Belgium, went to Dieppe, France, and from there emigrated to England. Stephen Malines was for forty-nine years at the head of the Queen's customs and his son Victor was also in the customs service. The founder of the family in America was Mr. Maslin 's great-grandfather, who was probably born in England and came to America in colonial times, locating in Virginia. He was a planter, and spent most of his life at Gerardstown in what is now West Virginia. Hon. Thomas Maslin, grandfather of the Winston-Salem banker, was born at Gerards- town, and subsequently located at ffioorefield in what is now West Virginia, becoming a successful breeder of cattle, which he fattened for the for- eign markets. He was in that business long before railroads became the favorite method of trans- portation, and he drove many herds of his fat stock across the mountains and over the high- ways to market at Philadelphia, from which port they were shipped to Liverpool. He was also a man of prominence in the public eye, and was a member of the Virginia convention which passed the ordinance of secession at the beginning of the war. His death occurred at Moorefield at the age of seventy. His wife was Catherine Seymour, of English ancestry and the descendant of Jane Seymour. She died at the age of sixty years, hav- ing reared nine children : William H., James M., Jennie R., Thomas, George C, Julia, Ella, Lelia and Sadie. William Hanson Maslin, father of Thomas Maslin, was born in Moorefield, West Virginia, November 21, 1842. He was educated in Moore- field Academy, but left at the age of nineteen to enlist in the Confederate army. He was a loyal and hard fighting soldier until the close of the war, and then went to Cliillicothe, Ohio, where he had the advantages of higher studies in an academy and while there made his home with Thomas Woodrow. After completing his education he engaged in the wholesale dry goods business as member of the firm of Henry, Maslin & Company of Baltimore, Maryland. His career was success- ful though brief, and his death occurred at the HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 35 age of thirty-eight. He married Alice Virginia MeCouky, who was boru at Baltimore, daughter of James M. MeOonky. She is now living at Winston- Salem, the mother of three children: Thomas, Edna G. and William Hanson, Jr. Thomas Masliu made the most of his early opportunities to obtain an education, attending the public schools of Baltimore and also the Balti- more City College. He was just twenty-one years of age when he came to Winston-Salem and imme- diately accepted the position of bookkeeper in the Wachovia Loan and Trust Company. He gained a thorough and fundamental knowledge of banking with that company and was one of its trusted employes until 1910, when he resigned and put his experience and his self confidence to test in the organization of the Merchants National Bank, which is now one of the strongest and best known financial institutions of Forsyth County. From its organization Mr. Maslin has served as vice president and cashier, and is now president. He was married in September, 1906, to Miss Martha Murfree Maney. Mrs. Maslin was born in Nashville, Tennessee, a daughter of Thomas H. and Ida (Morris) Maney. The four daughters born to their union are named Martha Maney, Anne Rhea, Virginia G. and Cornelia. Mr. and Mrs. Maslin are members of the First Presbyterian Church. Charles S. Lawrence, M. D. During his pro- fessional experience in Winston-Salem, which covers a period of seven years. Doctor Lawrence has been best known by his exceptional skill as a surgeon. He brought to his profession a thorough training acquired both in this country and abroad, and he took up the study of medicine after a long and varied service in the United States Regular Army and its medical corps. Doctor Lawrence is a native of Quaker Gap Township, Stokes County, North Carolina. Hia grandfather, James Lawrence, was born in Vir- ginia, and on coming to North Carolina located in Quaker Gap Township, where he followed farming until his death. William A. Lawrence, father of Doctor Lawrence, was born on a plantation in Stokes County, grew up on a farm and after reach- ing manhood bought a place near the old home. He lived there until 1885, when he removed to Eldora Township in Surry County and again bought land and continued its operation as a farmer until his death in 1914, at the age of sixty- four. He married Matilda Cliristian, who was born in Stokes County, North Carolina, daughter of Charles and Matilda (Page) Christian. Mrs. William Lawrence is still living in Surry County. Her family consisted of five sons and one daugh- ter: Robert, James, Charles S., Willis F., Hartie and Luther. Doctor Lawrence was educated in the rural schools of Surry County and in Siloam Academy in the same county. His first important experience, and one which gave him a large knowledge of the world, came in 1897 when he enlisted in the Fifth Regiment, United States Artillery. He was with that regiment for three years, and during that time the Spanish-American war occurred and the Philippine insurrection. He spent two years in the Philippines, and also went with the United States Army to China and took part in the Allied expedition to put down the Boxer uprising. After his honorable discharge from the regular service he enlisted in the Medical Department of the army, and that experience opened up to him his permanent vocation. On leaving the army Doctor Lawrence entered the medical department of the George Washington University of Washington, D. C, where he was graduated M. D. in 1908. Returning to his native state, he practiced two and a half years at Mount Airy and then came to Winston-Salem, where he has specialized in surgery. Several post-gradu- ate courses have enlarged his view and knowledge, and in 1914 he went abroad and visited clinics in the leading hospitals of European cities. H* re- turned to this country at about the outbreak of the European war. Doctor Lawrence was married in 1909 to Alice George, a native of Stokes County and a daugh- ter of Robert W. and Margaret (Hatcher) George. Doctor Lawrence is a member of the Forsyth County and the North Carolina State Medical .societies and the American Medical Association. Fraternally he is affiliated with Winston Lodge No 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons, Piedmont Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar, and Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Charlotte. In his home city he is a member of the Twin City and the Forsyth Country Club. At the outbreak of the war between the United States and Germany Doctor Lawrence was com- missioned captain in the Medical Reserve Corps and was assigned to duty as captain in the Red Cross Ambulance Company No. 31, a volunteer unit organized by the Red Cross Chapter at Greens- boro, North Carolina. Its members are composed of young men in this section of the state. Later the company was assigned to the National Army and the number changed to No. 321. Waverly Blackwood Strachan of Salisbury has had a long and successful experience in rail- roading, real estate and banking affairs. For the past eight years he has been cashier of the First National Bank of Salisbury and is well known among North Carolina bankers. He was born at Snow Hill in Greene County, North Carolina, and of old and prominent Virginia ancestry on both sides. His father, Dr. Joseph B. Strachan, was born in Petersburg, Virginia, was educated in Lexington Military Institute and took his medical course in Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, from which he graduated. He began practice at Snow Hill, North Carolina, afterwards moved to Johnston County, and from there to Princeton, where he practiced for many years and where he died in 1910. Doctor Strachan married Minnie Ruffin, who is still living at Princeton, North Carolina, and she is a member of the dis- tinguished family of Ruffin which was represented by her remote ancestor, William RuflSn, in Isle of Wight County, Virginia, as early as 1666. Robert Ruffin, Sr., a son of this Virginian, was the pioneer founder of the Ruffin name in Surry County, North Carolina. From Robert Ruffin, Sr., to Mrs. Doctor Strachan the line of descent is through the fol- lowing: Robert and Elizabeth Watkins RuiJin, Col. John and Polly (H.awkins) Ruffin, Thomas and Susan (Harris) Ruffin, and Thomas and Maria (Wilson) Ruffin, the latter being the parents of Mrs. Doctor Strachan. Doctor and Mrs. Strachan had one son and two daughters, Hattie and Min- nie. Hattie is the wife of J. H. Herbert of Rooky Mount, North Carolina, and Minnie is the wife of Paul C. Duncan of Clayton, this state. 36 HISTOKY OF NORTH CAROLINA Waverly B. Strachan besides the early advantages obtained "at his father's home was a student under a noted educator. Prof. Alphonso Smith, principal of the high school at Selma. Alabama. As a boy he learned telegraphy and his first regular em- ployment was with the old Richmond and Danville Railway as telegraph operator. He remained with that road when it was taken over by the Southern Railwav Company and was continuously faithful and efficient in "its service until 1901. During that time he served as station agent at Salisbury and was also traveling auditor and in the law ilepartment. He finally resigned his position to take up real estate and insurance and in 1910 was elected to his present responsibilities as cashier of the First National Bank of Salisbury. Mr. Strachan served four years as a member of the board of aldermen and during that tinie was chairman of the finance committee. He is affiliated with Andrew Jackson Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Salisbury Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Salisbury Commandery No. i:<," Knights Temjilar. Mrs. Strachan is an active member of the Salisbury Presbyterian Church. Mr. Strachan married in 1901 Miss Henrietta Mc- Neelev, who was born at Salisbury, daughter of Julius and Henrietta (Hall) McNeeley. Mr. and Mrs. Strachan have one daughter, Mildred. Juxius D.\xiEL Grimes. Seemingly designed by nature for the law and in his preparation and early practice enjoying unusual advantages and opi)ortunities, Junius D. Grimes, one of the able members of the Washington bar, has in his pro- fessional capacity won a solid reputation. Mr. Grimes was born at Grimesland, North Caro- lina, October 31, 1878, a son of Bryan and Charlotte E. (Bryan) Grimes. Mr. Grimes received part of his "early training in a private school at Ra- leigh, and in 1899 graduated A. B. from the Uni- versity of North Carolina. He took his law course in the law school at Georgetown, District of Columbia, receiving his LL. B. degree iu 1902. Admitted to the bar the same year, he began practice at Washington and since 190.5 has been member of the well known firm of Ward & Grimes. Mr. Grimes served for several years as city at- torney of Washington, and has shown great ability in handling the increasing complexities of an im- portant practice. He is a member of the school board, a trustee of the State Normal School at Greensboro, a di- rector of the Savings & Trust Company of Wash- ington, trustee of the W^ashington Tobacco Warehouse Association and a director of the Washington Cotton Storehouse Association. He belongs to the North Carolina Bar Association. September 27, 1904, Mr. Grimes married Miss Ida K. Wharton, of Clemmons, Forsyth County, North Carolina, daughter of Albert C. and Eliza A. (Hill) Wharton. Her father was a farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Grimes have four children: Bryan, Eliza Hill, Charlotte Emily and Junius Daniel, Jr. WiLLUM A. Lemly was for over forty years one of the active figures in banking circles at old Salem and in Winston-Salem. He became a banker almost as soon as the war closed, in which he had played a gallant part as a boy soldier. Mr. Lemlv is now enjoying a vigorous old age, and has many interests and associations with his home city. He represents that sturdj- Moravian stock which so largely populated and developed Western North Carolina in early times. Mr. Lemly was born on a farm near Bethania, North Carolina, a son of Henry A. Lemly, who was born at Salisbury, North Carolina, in 1812, a son of Samuel Lemly. Samuel Lemly was for many years a merchant at Salis- bury, but subsequently moved to Jackson, Missis- sippi, where he and his wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Furr, spent their last years. Henry A. Lemly was reared and educated in Salisbury, and also became a merchant. When a young man he moved to Bethania, married there, and soon located on his father-in-law's farm. This place he operated with the aid of slaves for several years, but eventually removed to Salem in order to give his children the advantages of the fine schools of that town. In Salem he passed his later years and died at the age of seventy-four. He married Amanda Conrad, who was born near Bethania. Her father, Jacob Conrad, a native of Berks County, Pennsylvania, came to North Caro- lina with three brothers, Isaac, John and Abraham. Jacob and Abraham located near Bethania, while Isaac and John found homes in the Yadkin River Valley in what is now Yadkin County. Besides the farm "near Bethania which he developed and owned .lacob Conrad also had a store. He married Elizabeth Lash. Her father. Christian Lash, was born near Bethania and, according to the family record, was a son of Jacob Loesch, whose name figures prominently in the early history of the Moravian colony, of which he was business man- ager for many years. The Conrads and Lashes were all active Moravians. Mrs. Henry A. Lemly, who died at the age of ninety-four, reared six chil- dren: Elizabeth, Laura, Ithiel T., Henry R., Wil- liam A. and Samuel C. Several of the sons had distinguished careers. Henry was for twenty years in the regular army, finally retiring with the rank of captain and is "now a resident of Washington, District of Columbia. Samuel C. was Judge Advo- cate General of the United States Na^•y for twelve years, and is now deceased. Ithiel is a farmer near Asheville. Mr. William A. Lemly was educated in the Boys ' School at Salem, but at the age of seventeen gave up his studies to enter the Confederate army as a musician in the Twenty-sixth Regiment. North Carolina troops. Going to the front, he joined the army of Northern Virginia and was with his com- mand through all its service until in the early days of April, 1865, he was captured by the enemy near Petersburg. Taken to Point Lookout, Maryland, he remained a prisoner of war until the following June, when he was released and returned home. With the organization of the First National Bank at Salem toward the close of the year 1865 this young soldier, then in his nineteenth year, was elected cashier. With fidelity and untiring industry he performed the duties of this position for thirteen years. Upon the death of his uncle, Israel G. Lash, president of the bank, its affairs were wound up. The First National Bank was followed bv the immediate organization of the Wax-hovia Bank, and in this new institution Mr. Lemly again assumed the responsibilities of cashier. With the death of the bank's president Wyatt F. Bovrman, Mr. Lemly was elected his suc- cessor, and he continued to give his service to the executive management of this institution until ill health finally compelled him to resign. For forty- . w L^-i^ ^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 37 two years lie liad been continuous!}' identitied with banking, and as much as any other man he was responsible for the strength and integrity of the great bank of which he was president. Since he gave up the work which had employed him for so many years and which brought his breakdown in health, Mr. Lemly has completely recovered his strength and vigor, and now employs his time in looking after his private affairs. He has interests in several industrial corporations, and also owns much farming land. He is one of the esteemed members of the Twin City Club and the Forsyth Country Club and he and his wife belong to the Home Moravian Church. He tirst married, in 1874, Bertha C. Belo, a native of Salem and a daughter of Edward and Carolina Amanda (Pries) Belo. Mrs. Lemly died in 1883. In 1884 he married Emily Louisa de Schweinitz, also a native of Salem, and daughter of Emil Adolphus and Sophia Amelia (Hermann) de Schweinitz. Mr. Lemly has two sons, William B. and Frederick H. William B. is now serving with the rank of lieutenant colonel in the United States Marine Corps, and by his marriage to Adelaide von Windegger, of St. Louis, who died in 1916, he has two sons, William C. and Frederick Von Windegger. The second son, Frederick H., gave five years of service in the United States Navy, was promoted to paymaster, but resigned and returned home to assist his father during the lat- ter 's ill health. He was an active farmer in the spring of 1917, in Charles County, Maryland. He joined the reserves and is now assistant paymaster on the Von Stuben. Both sons are now in France. The older son, William B., was in the Quarter- master Department in the Philippines and was wounded at Teusems. He was all through the cam- paign during the Boxer uprising in China. Mr. William A. Lemly 's brother, Samuel C, was with Schley during his expedition in the North. James B. Whittington, M. D., received a long and careful preparation for his chosen profession, and is now successfully identified with his calling at Winston-Salem. Doctor Whittington was born in the Town of East Bend in Yadkin County, North Carolina, a son of James Madison and Bettie (Benbow) Whit- tington. Further reference to the family history is made on other pages, but it should be noted that in the maternal line Doctor Whittington is a grandson of Dr. Evan and Bettie Benbow, great- grandson of Thomas and Ann (Mendenhall) Ben- bow, while Thomas Benbow was a son of Thomas and Anna (Stanley) Benbow and a grandson of Charles and Mary (Colver) Benbow, all consti- tuting one of the notable families of North Caro- lina. Doctor Whittington attended school in his home vicinity of East Bend, also in the Salem Boys ' School, and took the literary course of Guilford College. He studied pharmacy in the University of North Carolina, and in 1911 finished his course and received the M. D. degree from the North Carolina Medical College. Before taking up active Ijractice lie spent two years as an interne in the Sheltering Arms Hospital at Charleston, West Virginia, and then located at Winston-Salem, where he has rapidly attained a reputation among the leading practitioners. He is a member of the Forsyth County and North Carolina State Medical societies and the American Medical Association, Doctor Whittington married in 1914 Lisa Madi- son Shepherd. She was born at Orange, Virginia, and is a grandnieee of President James Madison. Doctor Whittington is affiliated with Salem Lodge No. 289, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Win- ston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons, Pied- mont Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar, and also Salem Lodge No. 56, Knights of Pythias and the East Bend Lodge of Odd Fellows. .John' S. McKee, M. D., took his degree in medicine from the medical department of the Uui- \ersity of Maryland in 1907. Pfe spent one year in hospital work there and since his return to his native City of Raleigh has been in active general practice. In 1913 he was appointed city physician and since 1914 has been physician to the Confed- erate Soldiers' Home and St. Luke's Hospital. He is also ^siting physician to the Rex Hospital and physician to the Carolina Power and Light Company. His early training was of the best, his associa- tions since beginning practice have been with those institutions and organizations that are among the most prominent in the state and city, and on these grounds and in the general esteem of his fellow jiractitioners he is one of the leaders of his pro- fession today. He was born July 16, 1878, a son of Dr. James McKee. His early education was acquired in the Raleigh Male Academy, in the Horner Military Academy, in the Fayetteville Military Academy, and in the literary department of the University of North Carolina. After his university course he entered the medical department of the Uni- versity of Maryland. He is now a member of the Raleigh Academy of Medicine and the North Carolina Medical Society, belongs to the Raleigh Chamber of Commerce and the Country Club, the .lunior Order of United American Mechanics and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Young Men 's Christian Association. Doctor Mc- Kee married Miss Elizabeth Dudley Purnell of Raleigh. They have one son, John S., Jr. William Hyman Ellison is one of the men who have supplied much of the energy and busi- ness judgment to the prospering commercial affairs of Washington in recent years. He is the execu- tive manager of a wholesale grocery house, has various other business interests, and has taken a public spirited part in local affairs. Mr. Ellison was born at Washington, North Carolina, December 24, 1882, a son of Charles Franklin and Emma (Rosenthal) Ellison. His father was a farmer near Washington and when William H. was eleven years of age the family moveil to Kinston. The latter attended private schools, later the public schools, and for two years had instruction in business courses under Prof. R. H. Lewis. Some of his preliminary business experience was with a manufacturing concern at Baltimore, Maryland, and on returning to Wash- ington, his birtliplaee, he was bookkeeper for the Old Dominion Steamship Company, later with a wholesale hardware house, and in 1907 organized tlie Ellison Brothers Company, wholesale grocers. This is now a leading enterprise of the kind and has business connections all over the eastern half of the state. Mr. Allison is secretary, treasurer aiul manager of the corporation, and is also secre- tary and treasurer of the Pamlico Brick and Tile Company. He is chairman of the Township Road 38 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA Committee and vice president of the Chamber of Commerce and is past exalted ruler of the local lodge of Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On March 30, 1909, Mr. Ellison marrieil Mary M. Blount, daughter of tlie late Dr. William A. Blount, of Washington. They are the parents of four children: William Blount, John Gray, Hyman and Catherine Masters. Hon. Garland E. Webb has been a business man and resident of Winston-Salem for a long period of years. He has formed many prominent and in- fluential business associations, and in one way or another has done much to promote the betterment and general improvement of his home city. A native of North Carolina, he vpas born in Mangum Township in that portion of Orange County that i.s now Durham County. His grand- father was at one time in the .iewelry business in the City of Washington and later at Baltimore, where he died The grandmotlier 's maiden name was Elizabeth Desreaux. She was born on the Island of San Domingo. Her father, a Frenchman, had an extensive plantation there but was driven out as a result of one of the periodical insurrec- tions which have marked and stained the history of that island for centuries. Coming to the United States, he located in Baltimore, where he spent his last years. Mr. Webb 's grandmother married for her second husband Mr. Louizo, and she spent her last years in Baltimore. Col. Robert Fulton Webb, father of Mr. Webb, was born in Washington, District of Colum- bia, in 1826, was liberally educated in the schools of that city and in Baltimore, and when twenty- two years of age he formed the acquaintance in Baltimore of Rev. Mr. McMannen, of Orange County, North Carolina. Rev. Mr. McMannen in addition to his duties as a local preacher was a manufacturer of furniture and also published a religious chart. Colonel Webb became associated in this business and that was what brought him to North Carolina. At the outbreak of the Mexi- can war he resigned his business connections and enlisted in the First Regiment of North Carolina Troops. He was commissioned lieutenant of his company, went with the regiment to Mexico, and saw an extended service in that country until the close of hostilities. Coming back to North Caro- lina he again engaged in the manufacture of furni- ture and was also a farmer at Flat River. After about a dozen years of this quiet vocation the war broke out between the states. He immediately raised a company known as the Flat River Guards. He recruited and organized this company on the site now occupied by the railroad shops at the Town of Burlington in Alamance County. The youngest member of this organization, and by virtue of that service the youngest soldier either on the northern or southern sides in the war was Garland E. Webb. The latter was then seven years old. Wlien his father raised the company the boy enlisted as a drummer and during the rallying of the recruits he urged them to patriotic fervor by the rattling of his drum. He also went to the site of the railroad shops and beat the drum during the roll call while the regiment was being organ- ized. That constituted his military experience, his services not being required after that. The Flat River Guards were attached to the Sixth Regiment, North Carolina Troops, and designated as Company B. Robert Fulton Webb was commissioned captain of the company on May 16, 1861, and was promoted to major July 11th, of the same year. Subsequently he became lieutenant colonel in the regiment. He was with his command in all its movements back and forth over the Confederacy and was present in some of the most historic battles of the war. In November, 1863, he was captured and was taken north to Johnson's Island in Lake Erie, off Sandusky. He subsequently wrote a very interesting account of the capture and confinement of himself and com- rades on the island, and that account appears in a history of North Carolina Regiments and Bat- talions published by Walter CHark in 1901. Colonel Webb remained a prisoner of war until July, 1865, when he was released and returned home. On resuming the occupations of peace he became a merchant and farmer at Flat River, but in 1877 changed his residence to Durham, where he became a dealer in and exporter of leaf tobacco. Durham was his home until his death. Colonel Webb married Amanda Mangum. Her father, Ellison G. Mangum, was born in Orange County, North Carolina, and spent his life there, being an extensive planter, a large slave owner and a merchant. An extended account of the Mangum family may be found in Vol. 5 of the Ashe Biographical History of North Carolina. Ellison G. Mangum married Elizabeth Harris, who also spent her life in Orange County. Colonel Webb's wife died in 1872, having reared three children. Catherine married P. T. Conrad and Virginia became the wife of Charles Crabtree. Garland E. Webb 's first important experience in life has already been referred to in connection with the organization of the military company by his father. After that he attended schools and had most of his instruction under private tutors. One of his tutors was Dr. A. W. Mangum, Pro- fessor of English at the University of North Caro- lina. He also had a course in Bryant and Strat- ton 's Business College at Baltimore. During his early youth he had some experience clerking in his father's store, and at the age of twenty he removed to Durham and became bookkeeper and salesman for J. F. Freeland, a general merchant. A year later, in 1876, he went to Philadelphia, during the year of the centennial, spent one year in that city, and then returned to Durham. For ten years he acted as auctioneer at the ware- house of E. J. Parish. As an auctioneer he has few peers in the state, and he has followed the business or profession most of his active life. While at Durham his public services began. He was elected clerk and treasurer of the Town of Durham. Mr. Webb has had an extensive expe- rience in North Carolina journalism. He was proprietor and editor of the Durham Recorder. In 1886 he removed to the new Town of Winston and spent five years with A. B. Gorrell as auc- tioneer. Then associated with W. P. Watt, of Reidsville, he leased a warehouse and operated it two years under the firm name of Watt & Webb. In the meantime he was elected a member of the board of aldermen and was mayor pro tern. On the death of Mayor Kerner he was elected mayor. In 1894 Mr. Webb became auctioneer for the firm of M. Norfleet, and has followed that business steadily to the present time. For some years he has also edited and published the Southern Tobacco Journal and is a recognized authority on the tobacco business of the South. Mr. Webb is now a member of the board of aldermen of Winston- GARLAND E. WEBB HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 39 Salem, and again occupies the office of mayor pro tern. He is also a member ami vice chairman of the school board of Winston Salem and for twelve years has been secretary and general man- ager of the Piedmont Fair Association. For five years he has been secretary and treasurer of the Tobacco Association of the United States. At Lancaster, Massachusetts, in 1883 he married Miss Adeline Emmerson Holman. The officiating clergyman at the marriage was Doctor Bartol. Mr. and Mrs. Webb had four children: Charlotte, Adeline, A. Magnum and Calvin. Mrs. Webb died in September, 1914. She was a devout mem- ber of the First Presbyterian Church, with which Mr. Webb is also identified. In June, 1917, Mr. Webb married Miss Annie Laur Forgan, of Ogle, Virginia. Zachariah Taylor Btnum. A surviving vet- eran of the war between the states, and for many years identified with the tobacco industry in West- ern North Carolina, Zachariah Taylor Bynum ia still active as a business man and citizen of Win- stonSalem. He represents an old and well known family of North Carolina. His birth occurred on a planta- tion in Chatham County, April 14, 1847. His grandfather, Mark Bynum, owned and operated a plantation on the Haw River in Chatham County, and gave his best years to the prosecution of its management and to the discharge of his duties as a local citizen. Turner Bynum, father of Zachariah T., was born on a plantation in Chatham County in 1808. With such advantages as were supplied by the rural schools of his time, he grew to manhood and then bought a plantation on Haw Kiver ad.ioining the old home place. He owned a number of slaves and was rated one of the very substantial men of that community. His death occurred in 1873. He was a man of affairs and at one time served as representative in the State Assembly, filling that office several terms, and was also chairman of the County Court. He married Julia Ward. She was born in Wake County, North Carolina, and died in 1865. Both were active in the Methodist Epis- copal Church. They reared five sons and four daughters, named Joseph M., Alvis Jesse, Zacha- riah T., Rufus, Turner, Elizabeth, Sarah, Minnie and Pattie. Three of the sons, Joseph, Alvis and Zachariah, were soldiers in the Confederate Army. Joseph went to the war with a Mississippi regiment, while Alvis was with the Chatham Rifles. Zachariah T. Bynum spent his early youth on the home plantation, and was only fourteen years of ago when the war broke out. In April, 1864, at the age of seventeen, he enlisted in Company H of the Seventy-first Regiment North Carolina troops, and was with that command through all its re- maining service. He participated in the last impor- tant battle of the war, Bentonville, and soon after wards was paroled and returned home. He sur- rendered with his regiment at Greensboro. After his military service Mr. Bynum engaged in farming for two years, following which for three years he was in the mercantile business at Raleigh. He then resumed merchandising in the old home community where he was located until 1878. In that year he came to Winston and be- came a tobacco manufacturer under the firm name of Bymim & Colton. This firm was continued with successful results until 1893. In 1895 Mr. Bynum was appointed supervisor of tobacco sales of the western market, and has filled that position ever since. He is a man of excellent business judg- ment and familiar with every phase of the tobacco industry from its growing to its manufacture and ultimate market. Mr. Bynum was married in 1872 to Annie Tenny. She was born at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, daughter of William and Jane Tenny. Mrs. By- num died in October, 1904. To their marriage were born six children, named Brooks, Taylor J., Turner, Annie, Julia and Grace. The son Brooks is married and has a son named Brooks, Jr. Annie is the wife of Thomas Kapp and has 3 daughter Elizabeth. Mr. Bynum has for thirty-seven years been treasurer of the Centenary Methodist Epis- copal Church at Winston-Salem and his *ife was also a loyal worker in that denomination as long as she lived. William W. Miller, for many years an esteemed and respected resident of Mocksville, was a valued member of his community, and those who knew him best reposed implicit confidence in his honesty, integrity and fidelity. He was born January 31, 1856, in Yadkin County, North Caro- lina, a son of Sanford and Caroline (Woodruff) Miller. Growing to man 's estate in his native county, Mr. Miller received a practical education in the public schools, being fitted for a business career. Locating as a young man in Forsyth County, he was engaged in the manufacture of tobacco in Winston for a number of years. Having accumu- lated considerable money, he bought a farm in Davie County, and to its management devoted much thought and energy, continuing its super- vision until his death, December 2, 1900, while yet in the prime of manhood. Mr. Miller married, October 18, 1882, Maggie Booe. She was born in Davie County, North Carolina, a daughter of Alexander and Sarah (Clement) Booe. Six daughters blessed their mar- riage, namely : Maude Clement, wife of Herbert Birdsall; Anita, wife of Carl Sherrill; Sarah; Millie; Carolyn, wife of Price Sherrill; and Ruth. Mrs. Miller is a faithful and valued member of the Presbyterian Church, and reared her family in the same religious faith. John Hare Bonner, an accomplished young lawyer, now serving as deputy collector of tTnited States customs at the Port of Washington, is identified with Beaufort County by many excep- tional ties of family association and interest. He is descended from that James Bonner who is given credit in history as the founder of the Town of Washington. The land in this section was orig- inally granted to Chris'topher Dudley, but about 1729 it passed to the Bonner brothers, James and Thomas. Their grant consisted of 337 acres, ex- tending from back of the Hotel Louise in Wash- ington to Runyon Creek. They also owned an extensive plantation in Southern Beaufort County, comprising thousands of acres. The Bonners in Beaufort County were ardent patriots of the Revo- lution, and one of them was commander of the Beaufort County militia. John Hare Bonner was born in Beaufort County July 9, 1887, a son of Macon Herbert and Hannah SellDy (Hare) Bonner. Through his mother Mr. 40 HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA Bonner is of Irish stock. His father was for many years a boatmaster and pilot in the navigation of Eastern North Carolina rivers and other vpaters. John H. Bonner was educated in the public schools, in the Trinity School at Chocowinity, North Carolina, and after that had some experience in the cotton business at Washington and Greensboro; and for eighteen months was connected with the Norfolk & Southern Railroad at Norfolk, Virginia. He studied law in law ofiSces for three years, finishing at the law department of the University of North Carolina, and was admitted to practice February 7, 1910. He has handled a general practice at Washington since his admission to the bar. He is also a director of the Washington Building and Loan Association. Mr. Bonner is affiliated with the Masonic Order aiul the Benevo- lent and Protective Order of Elks, in both of which he has held several positions of trust. Vann M. Long. M. D., is a specialist enjoying high rank and a fine practice at Winston-Salem, where he has been located for a number of years. He is a product of North Carolina 's best educa- tional facilities and resources and thorough train- ing and experience have broadened and accentu- ated his exceptional talents for his profession. Doctor Long was born on a plantation in Goose Creek Township of Union County, North Carolina. His people have been in North Carolina for a great many years. His grandfather, John Long, was born in Union County and became a very suc- cessful farmer, having a large plantation in Goose Creek Township. He married Margaret Russell, who so far as known was a lifelong resident of Union County. John Cicero Long, father of Doctor Long, was born January 21, 1842, on the same plantation as his son. He grew up there, and at the outbreak of the war between the states enlisted in a regi- ment of North Carolina troops. While on duty he was shot by a sharpshooter, and it was supposed that he was mortally wounded. He was taken to a hospital, and as a result of careful nursing he finally recovered and was able to report for duty. From that time until the close of the war he did guard duty at Charlotte. Having inherited a part of his father's estate, he bought the interests of the other heirs, and as sole owner he became one of the most successful farmers in Union County. He personally supervised the farm until 1900, wjien, he moved to Unionville, but after two years returned to his plantation and again superintended its fork for two years. He then retired and removing to Davidson College lived there until his death on October 8, 1912. John C. Long married Nancy Jane Winfree. She was born in Wades- boro, Anson County, North Carolina, in 1846, and died December 23, 1912. Her parents were Henry and Thetus (Teal) Winfree. Her paternal grand- parents were natives of England and coming to America settled in Virginia and from that state their numerous family have become widely dis- persed. Henry Winfree was a planter in Anson County aJid before the war operated with slave labor. He died when about sixty years of age and his wife survived him and lived to be ninety. John C. Long and wife reared six children: Min- nie, Alonzo, Hattie, Louis, Vann M. and Neal. The daughter Minnie is the wife of J. A. Helms, while Hattie married J. H. Forbes. Doctor Long, though reared in the country, early set his mind upon a profession and after attend- ing the district schools was a student in Unionville High School and Mint Hill High School. He took up the study of medicine in the North Carolina Medical College at Davidson and Charlotte, and in 1906 gi-adnated with his degree. For four years Doctor Long practiced at Newell Station in Meck- lenburg County. His success there justified him in removing to a larger community, and locating at Winston-Salem he soon acquired a large practice. Doctor Long gave his time to the general practice of medicine until 1916, and since that date has been a specialist. He is an active member of the Forsyth County and State Medical Societies and the American Medical Association. He is affiliated with Win- ston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and Twin City Camp No. 27, Woodmen of the World. Dr. Long was married October 11, 1911, to Miss Hannah Bryce McLaughlin. Mrs. Long was born at Newell Station in Mecklenburg County, daugh- ter of James Bryce and Annie (Sturges) Mc- Laughlin. Dr. and Mrs. Long have one son, Vann M., Jr. William T. Vogler. Among those substantial people, the Moravians, who contributed so much to the early character and industry of several counties of Western North Carolina, including Forsyth, hardly a better known family in name exists than that of Vogler. Many branches of the family are represented in and about Winston- Salem, and one of the individuals is William T. Vogler, the veteran jeweler of Winston Salem and also prominent in banking and church affairs. _ The record of this liranch of the family begins with Phillip Vogler, who was born in Gundelsheim in the German Palatinate in 1725. General Waldo, a native of Germany, acquired some large tracts of land in th.e vicinity of what is now Waldo, Maine. In order to develop the land he promised two hundred acres and support for six months' time to each of his countrymen who would cross the ocean and settle there. Phillip Vogler 's parents were among those attracted by this offer and comprised the colony that left Germany in 174,5 and came to America. They landed on the coast of Maine late in the fall, and found shelter in the woods sixteen miles from any other white settlement. They were ill prepared for the severe winter that followed, and endured terrible suffer- ings, several of the colony dying from hunger and exposure. The Indians were also hostile, and Phillip Vogler 's father fell a victim to their en- mity. Phillip Vogler himself was thrust into the service of the Colonial forces, and did duty in border protection for four years. After the death of General Waldo the title to his lands was dis- puted, and during the troubles that followed many of the occupants of the separate homesteads either paid again for the right of possession or else surrendered their claim altogether and sought homes elsewhere. In the meantime Moravian missionaries from Pennsylvania had visited the German colonists about Waldo, and as a means of escaping the persecution and oppression they recommended North Carolina as a place of refuge. Phillip Vog- ler, with his and other families, accordingly set sail in 1770 for the Southland. The vessel that carried them was wrecked off Virginia Beach. The passengers and crew landed on a near-by island, and some days later a passing vessel ASTOR, TT!_nE!- fOilKDATlONSj HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 41 picked them up and carried them to Wilmington. Thence they proceeded to what was known as Cross Creek, now Fayetteville, North Carolina, and from there came to the Moravian settlement in what is now Forsyth County. It should be remembered that this was several years before the outbreak of tlie Kevolutionary war. Only a fringe of settlement had extended westward toward the Blue Ridge Mountains, and this section of the Carolinas was still virtually a wilderness. Indians were numerous and were more or less hostile, unwilling to give up their hunting grounds with- out some struggle against the advancing tide of white settlement. In .such condition the little colony from Maine bought land in the southeast corner of Wachovia tract and named it Broad Bay in honor of the name of the locality where Ihey had lived in Maine. In 1771 nine houses were built there. All these settlers had embraced the Moravian faith, and on February 18. 1785, a church edifice was built of spruce and hemlock logs and was consecrated to worship. Phillip Vogler bought a tract of land, as did the other colonists, and began farming at Broad Bay. Late in life he moved to Bethania and died there. The maiden name of his first wife, and the mother of all his children, was Catherine Seiz. She was stricken with fever while coming to North Carolina, and died at Fayetteville, where her remains were laid to rest. Phillip Vogler married for his second wife Barbara Fishcuss. She died in 1781. For his third wife he married Christina Margaret Sennert. This Phillip Vogler was the great-grandfather of William T. Vogler. Christopher Vogler, a son of Phillip, the North Carolina pioneer, was born in or near Waldo, Maine, but grew up in Western North Carolina. He learned the trade of gunsmith, and for many years conducted a shop at Salem, where he man- ufactured many of the tirearms used by the hunt- ers and pioneers. He lived at Salem until his death. Christopher Vogler married Anna Johanna Stauber. She reared six children, named Gott- lieb, Maria, Nathaniel, Timothy, Paulina and Eegina. Nathaniel Vogler, father of William T., was born at Salem, North Carolina, May 26, 1804. He grew up with little advantages in the way of books or schools, but became a very practical man and completed his apprenticeship in his father's shop. When he was twenty-two years of age he and another young man went north to Pennsyl- vania. They had one horse, and they used it alternately. One would ride a stipulated distance, then tie the animal and proceed on foot, while the other would come up and ride the horse. Ar- riving in Pennsylvania Nathaniel Vogler worked at his trade at Nazareth for a time, and then returned to his old home at Salem. In 1827 he bought the house his father had built on Walnut Street, and that was his home until his death. He also succeeded his father in business and kept the old shop going for many years. Nathaniel Vogler married Anna Maria Fishel. They were married December 20, 1827, and began housekeeping in his father's old home. They reared the following children: Henry S., Laura C, Julius R., Alexander C, Mortimer N.. Maria E., Martha V., Regina A. and William T. The last two are still living. The daughter Maria E., who was born March .5, 1835, was educated in the old Salem Academy, and in 1853 became a teacher in that institution and filled that post for twenty-nine years. Hundreds of young women recall with gratitude this splenflid old teacher. She finally resigned in 1882, in order to look after her aged mother. It was Maria Vogler who, as the result of much research and investigation, compiled the history of the family, and from those records much has been taken for the sketch of the family as above given. The Vogler family is still represented in Maine, where lineal descend- ants of a son of Phillip live. However, they have changed the name to Fogler. The old gunsmith at Salem, Christopher Vogler, had as an apprentice in his shop a nejihew named Jolin Vogler. This John was a natural mechanic and had no superior as a workman. While serving his apprenticeship he had occasion to take his watch to pieces, and he thoroughly cleaned it, made some minor repairs and put it together as good as new. In those days Salem boasted no .jewelry store, and his feat of watch repairing became known over the neighborhood and others brought their watches and clocks to him. Thus by the time he had completed his apprenticeship as a gunsmith he had a business ready made as a watch repairer, and eonseciuently he opened the first jewelry store in Salem. He continued it through all his active years, and died at the age of ninety-seven. He is the oldest man laid to rest in the Moravian grave yard. Thus the Vogler name in its association with the jewelry business goes back to pioneer times in Salem. William T. Vogler, who continued the jewelry business, was born at Salem in October, 1843. ' He attended the Boys School at Salem, and on leaving his studies entered his father's shop. In 1862 he entered the Confederate service and remained imtil the close of the war. On returning to Salem he began an apprenticeship in Linebeeh's jewelry store, but after a year went to the E. A. Vogler store, where he remained five years. In 1871 he engaged in business for him- self at Salem, and remained in that town until 1879, when he removed to the growing city of Winston, where he has conducted one of the chief establishments of his line for upwards of forty years. For a long time he has also been interested in banking. He was a director of the First Na- tional Bank of Winston, and since the consolida- tion of this bank with the Trust Com]iany he has been a member of the board of directors of the Wachovia Bank & Trust Company. Mr. Vogler was married August 13, 1867, to Johanna C. Mack, and August 13, 1917, they celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their mar- riage. Mrs. Vogler was born at Friedburg in Davidson County, a daughter of .lacob and Mary (Spaugh) Mack. Mr. and Mrs. Vogler have reared three children: Henry E., William N. and Emma. William N. died when sixteen years of age and Emma at the age of thirty-three. Henry E. is now associated with his father in business. By his marriage to Biddie V. Goslin he has four children, named Helen, Gertrude, Blanche Mary and Harold. William T. Vogler was reared in the Moravian Church and has always held to that faith. He is a member of the Central Board of Trustees of the Home Church and a member of the Finance Board of the province. .1. Wesley Slate, M. D. While a graduate of medicine and for a number of years a successful practitioner at Walnut Cove, Doctor Slate now 42 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA gives most of his time and attention to his duties as cashier of the Farmers Union Bank at Winston- Salem. He is a member of one of the old and in- fluential families of Western North Carolina, and his people have been identified with Stokes County since pioneer times. Doctor Slate was born on a farm in Yadkin Townshij) of Stokes County, a son of William Slate and a grandson of Samuel Slate. The early records of the famOy have not been completely preserved. However, it is believed that Doctor Slate 's great-grandfather was the founder of the family here. He was a native of England and was one of four brothers who came to America and settled in Virginia. Doctor Slate 's grand- father, Samuel Slate, was born in Halifax County, Virginia, and subsequently bought land in Yad- kin Townshi[) of Stokes County, where he became a successful general farmer. In contrast with the customs and practices of the times he was opposed to the institution of slavery and chose to operate his lands with free labor. He married Lena Hall, the Halls being early settlers in North Carolina. Lena Hall 's mother was of the old Vir- ginia family of Dewberry. Samuel Slate and wife both lived to old age. William Slate, who was born in Yadkin Town- ship of Stokes County in 1842, learned the trade of millwright and machinist. He also acquired land in Yadkin Township, and while following his trade he superintended the operation of his farm and with marked success. He married Lurena Wall, who was born in Halifax County, Virginia, a daughter of Robert Wall. She died in January, 1915, having reared seven children: Lena, Nan- nie, Pinekney, Agnes, William, Alice and J. Wesley. Doctor Slate was well 'educated and spent his early life on his father 's farm in Yadkin Town- ship. He attended the district schools, the Mount View Institute, and for one term was a teacher in Quaker Gap Township. He attended his first medical lectures in the North Carolina Medical College at Davidson, and afterward entered the LTniversity of Medicine at Richmond, Virginia, where he was graduated M. D. in 1900. Doctor Slate at once began practice in Yadkin Township and soon had a large practice throughout that community. He gave his time and best energies to his profession until 1912, when he engaged in banking at Winston-Salem as cashier of the Farmers Union Bank. He has been very influen- tial in making that institution a bank of strength and of extended service over this part of the state. Doctor Slate was married December, 1900, to Martha Meadows, who was born in Meadows Town- ship of Stokes County, a daughter of WiUiam and Jane (Boles) Meadows. Doctor and Mrs. Slate have six children: Ralph, Frank, Marion, Wil- bur, Esmond and Myron. Doctor and Mrs. Slate are active members of the Missionary Baptist Church, in which he is a member of the board of deacons, and he is fraternally affiliated with Wal- nut Cove Lodge No. 629, Ancient Free and Ac- cepted Masons, with the Royal Arch Chapter, with Smith River Lodge of Knights of Pythias, and with Walnut Cove Council of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. William Samuel Clayton has been well known in the Federal customs service both in South anil North Carolina, and in July, 1914, was appointed special dejiuty collector of United States customs at the Port of Wilmington. He comes of an old South Carolina family, and was born at Elirhardt, South Carolina, September 10, 1877. His parents were Charles Rivers and Sallie (Pulaski) Clayton. His father was a sol- dier in the war between the states and spent his life as an active farmer. William S. Clayton gained his early training ia public schools and in 1900 graduated A. B. from the South Carolina Military College. After leaving college he spent two years as a teacher in high school, and from 19a2"until 1906 was a clerk in the Atlantic Coast Line Railway. He then entered the United States customs service, and his ability secured him pro- motion until he was appointed to his present of- fice, with headquarters at Wilmington. Mr. Clayton is a member of the Masonic Order, is a deacon in the Lutheran Church, and is adjutant of the George Davis Camp No. :i89 of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. On May 26, 1902, lie married Miss Minnie Smith Wescott, of Wilmington. They have two children, Minnie Wescott and Emmett Louise. D. Rich is one of the successful men of North Carolina today. Success In his case has involved a long and steady struggle and rise, and his posi- tion as treasurer of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company at Winston-Salem, North Carolina, means complicated business responsibilities which only a man of bigness and breadth in mind and char- acter could handle. Mr. Rich 's early home and his birthplace was Mocksville in Davie County, North Carolina. His father, Calvin Updegrove Rich, was born on a farm in Davie County, May 27, 1827. He, too, had the spirit in him to climb over handicaps ajid difficulties, and first acquired such education as was possible in the local schools, and then came to Salem, North Carolina, where he became clerk in Edward Belo's store, then the leading mercantile establishment in this part of the state. By care- ful and studious attention to his work he learned the details of merchandising and after a few years opened a general store of his own in Mocksville. He made a success of his business, but at the close of the Civil war in 1865 he, with his neighbors and friends, sustained a severe financial loss, due to the pressure of those strenuous times. However, he rallied and continued his mercantile business in a small way for a number of years, and his last days were spent in honored retirement. He died at the age of sixty-one. C. U. Rich married Betty Tennessee Williams. She was born on a farm in Yadkin County, North Carolina, Her father, Thomas Williams, was a well known early citizen of Yadkin County, a farmer, distiller and slave owner. He also held the office of justice of the peace. Mr. and Mrs. C. V. Rich reared five children: Louie, who married Judge James A. Williamson, of Taco- ma, Washington ; Thomas W., who married Emily G. Hanes and lives in Pennsylvania: Bessie, wife of H. T. Brenegar, of Mocksville; Dee, which is Mr. Rich's first name as completely spelled out, and Lena M., wife of C. N. Christian, of Halifax, North Carolina. As a boy in his native Town of Mocksville, D. Rich had instruction in the primary grades of the public schools and also attended the high school taught by Prof. A. M. Sterling. He was eighteen years of age when he came to Winston ^ 1 1^ • t - Hi ^K B ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^V%^i AjHjyj k ^^H *•. ■ ^^^^^^ . ^&^zuct.% /Scc£, HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 43 and entered the employ of Bvnum, Gotten & Jones, tobacco manufacturers. He was with them for four years, and next transferred his serrices to the greatest tobacco manufacturer of them all, B. J. Eeynolds. The more positive details in the career of Mr. Rich are interestingly described in a sketch written by one who has known him and which was published in the "Open Door." From that article the following paragraphs are ab- stracted. ' ' At thirteen years of age young Rich was stemming tobacco in a factory in Mocks\'ille, North Carolina, at ten cents a day. His first pay envelope contained the not very munificent sum of forty cents for four full days of strenuous physi- cal labor. He later became associated with Mr. B. J. Reynolds on November 15, 1884, as manager of the rolling and casing department. At that time Mr. Henry Roan was bookkeeper. Mr. Roan subsequently resigned to engage in business for himself and was succeeded by Mr. W. D. Moore. During the incumbency of both Mr. Roan and Mr. Moore it was Mr. Rich's habit to voluntarily offer his assistance in the evening. He wanted to Jand in the bookkeeping department, so availed him- self of every opportunity to acquaint himself with all of the intricate details involved in the clerical end of the business. "In 1893 Mr. Moore died and the company began casting about for some one to succeed him. Mr. Rich applied for the position but was informed that he ' could not keep books. ' However, he sur- prised Mr. Reynolds by telling him he was fully competent to hold down the job. He also stated how he had been titting himself to be ready to seize iust such an opportunity when it developed. He was given a trial and gave entire satisfaction. At that time he did practically all the bookkeeping for the company. Today it requires over five hun- dred men to take care of the immense volume of details connected with the clerical end of the com- pany's affairs. From bookkeeping Mr. Rich was promoted to cashier, and in due course of time was made treasurer and director of the company, both of which offices he holds today. "Mr. Rich believes first, last and always in holding out hope to the aspiring young man. He takes a special delight in constantly keeping the door of opportunity wide open for them, never once forgetting the struggle that was required of him to climb up the ladder round by round. His attitude toward the men under him is far more paternal than dictatorial ; he reasons with them — guides, counsels and encourages them at all times. If he has a single hobby it is the desire to help young men help themselves by becoming more effi- cient. Whenever asked by some young man what are the chances for promotion he invariably replies, 'You can have my position when you have proved that you are competent to till it satisfac- torily to the company. ' "Mr. Rich numbers his staunch friends simply by the number of people he knows, and he knows thousands. Genial, optimistic and most democratic in manner, not to mention his efficiency, he fills his niche with the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company with every degree of satisfaction. ' ' Mr. Rich is an active member of the First Bap- tist Church of Winston-Salem, is affiliated with Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Ac- cepted Masons, Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons, and Piedmont Comniandery No. 6, Knights Templar. He is also on the Board of Trade, and a member of the Twin City Club and the Forsyth Country Club. Politically he is a democrat. On January 8, 1889, he married Miss Carrie Watkins. She was born on a farm in Forsyth County, daughter of Henry and Sarah (Hauser) Watkins. The long and close companionship of Mr. and Mrs. Rich, beginning when he was a strug- gling young man in the business world and grow- ing even closer and more affectionate as prosperity became assured to him, was terminated in the death of Mrs. Rich on January 17, 1916. The province of this work is to make known not only the repre- sentative men of North Carolina but also its ster- ling and true hearted women. For that reason there is singular appropriateness in quoting a trib- ute paid to Mrs. Rich by her intimate friend Mrs. Polly Kerr Spencer. "Early Monday morning, January 17, 1916, there passed from earth's twilight into the noon- day glory of God 's summerland the spirit of Car- rie Watkins Rich. She was the second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Watkins and was born near Clemmons, North Carolina, but spent practically all her life in Winston-Salem, indeed and in truth growing up with the town. Educated in Salem College, she passed her happy girlhood as a flower that cometh up. She was married January 8, 1889, in the First Baptist Church of this city, to Mr. D. Rich, and for twenty-seven years she has been to that consecrated Christian gentleman truly a helpmeet and power of strength, through every change of time and fortune, and though she has preceded him to that ' ain countree ' yet will her gentle spirit hover over her best beloved and guide and comfort him in a tenderer and more subtle manner than has ever before been possible. There are also left three sisters, Mrs. E. F. Coble, Mrs. J. P. Jeffreys, and that other self — Mrs. W. J. Conrad — all of Winston-Salem, and one brother, Mr. P. C. Watkins, of Clemmons, North Carolina, to all of whom she was very dear. ' ' A wonderfully comprehensive mind enabled her to reach out and grasp every avenue of good, throughout the community, and her name stood first on the list in the promotion of every good cause. By right of innate goodness and continual consecration she was the accepted leader in her church work, and always the strong right hand of her beloved pastor under all circumstances. She was the vice president of the Woman 's Missionary tTnion, of the State Baptist Convention, president of the Young Woman's Christian Association, and leader of the Young Woman's Auxiliary of the First Baptist Church, teacher of the Fidelis Class in the Sunday school, and leader of the Fannie Heck Circle of the Missionary Society. Always with her hands full of work, yet ever ready to answer another call, she knew the poor and needy nf the community as no other person did, and to know them was to help them and uplift them and to give to them, besides material comforts, the bread of life, that was to her the very essence of living. "Realizing how full of purity and goodness, of self-sacrifice, and of personal service was her life, when the quiet shadows gather we sit and think of her as the very spirit of gentleness, meekness and of Christ-likeness, lent to us by a kind Father to show us the way home. Methinks that tonight •5VP gee her gentle spirit, as it, listening, heard the call, rise from its earthly tenement of clay and step forth Vfith outstretched hands, unafraid, to 44 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA enter in with the hosts of liglit, for truly she had walked with God. We see the same old-time sweet smile linger on her face as her eves rest on that one whom she had loved through the years, and who was enshrined in her heart of hearts — her beloved husband ; and again we seem to see it lin- ger for a moment on the grief stricken forms of all her loved ones and pass on in tender pity to the myriad of friends to whom she was so dear ; and with that self-same sweet smile, so much a part of her — our last memory of her beautiful life — resting like a benediction on us all, we see the gates of Heaven open to receive her and 'Well done, good and faithful servant,' is her welcome home. ' ' We cannot believe that thou art gone, dear heart, we would only remember that thou hast passed into God 's other room, into that beautiful country where existence is eternal, and thanks be to God thou hast left for us the gates ajar, so that when we, like you, have finished our work and the sands of life have run out, remem- bering Him whom thou hast loved and in whose footsteps we would follow, may we, too, close our tired eyes and step into Heaven, where thou hast gone to await us: ' ' ' We cannot feel that thou art far, Since near at hand the angels are, And when the sunset gates unbar. We shall surely see thee waiting stand And, white against the evening star, The welcoming beckoning of thy hand. ' "We shall miss thee, dear heart, miss thee more than tongue can tell, and the way will be lonely without thy guiding hand, but we know that thou hast grasped that knowledge of the broader vision for which we have so often heard thee pray, and that thou art satisfied. Thou hast gloriously solved the problem of life and death and though the pathway seem dark to the loved ones left behind without thee, we know that always we are in God's hands and we doubt not that: " ' If we could push ajar the gates of life And stand within, and all God 's workings see. We, too, could interpret all our doubts and fears, And for each mystery we would find a key. ' "Thou art not dead, beloved one, thou can 'st not die so long as the memory of thy beautiful life and thy wonderful influence shall live in the lives of thy friends; so long shalt thou live upon the earth though thy spirit rests with God. "So we say not to thee farewell, but au revoir, for we know that somehow, somewhere, sometime, on a fairer shore, shorn of all earth's infirmities and clad in garments not made with hands, we shall meet thee again and sit with thee, around that throne eternal in the heavens. Once again we hear thee say in the words of the Master, ' Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you, I go away and come again unto you. If ye loved me ye would rejoice, because I go unto my Father, ' then beloved — " 'Only good-night, not farewell. Until we meet again before His throne. Until we know even as we are known, Good-night, beloved, good-night. Sleep on and take thy rest. Only good-night, beloved ; just good-night. ' ' ' Major Alexander Hexdebson Galloway, who won his title as a gallant ofiicer of the North Carolina troops during the war between the states, has spent many years of his life at ReidsviUe in Rockingham County and has been variously identi- fied with business and civic affairs in this part of North Carolina for over half a century. Much of the history of Rockingham County revolves around the name Galloway. The family is Scotch in origin. The thrifty virtues of Scotland have predominated in the Galloways of North Carolina and as a family they have proved themselves com- petent in business, upright citizens and workers for the general welfare in every direction. The founder of this branch of the family in North Carolina was Robert Galloway. He was a native of Scotland, and immigrated to America about 1784, two years after the close of the Revo- lutionary war. He was the only member of his immediate family to come to this country. He chose as a home what was then the western fron- tier of North Carolina, Rockingham County. He brought with him a thorough training in business affairs, and became a merchant at Wentworth and established branch stores in several other lo- calities. The surplus of his success he invested in extensive tracts of land, and his holdings at one time amounted to twenty-two thousand acres, all in Rockingham County, besides some other large tracts in Tennessee. He had a large number of slaves, and worked them on the plantation raising tobacco. Robert Galloway died at Valley Field in Rockingham County at the age of eighty-two years. He reared a family of four sons and two daughters: Robert, Charles, Thomas, Rawley, Eliza and Mary. Hon. Rawley Galloway, the father of Major Galloway, was born in Rockingham County March 8, 1811. Besides the school advantages given him on his father's plantation he also attended Chapel Hill College, and studied law under the eminent Judge Ruffin, and was admitted to the bar. The law as a career was not to his liking, and he chose instead the peaceful pursuit of agriculture. The lands he had inherited he operated profitably with slave labor, and kept his home throughout his life at Vallev Field. His death occurred there in April, 1872. Rawley Galloway married Sarah Henderson. Her family was also of Scotland and was established in North Carolina even earlier than the Galloways. She was born at Milton in Caswell County, North Carolina, a daughter of Alexander Henderson, who was born at Granville, North Carolina, about 1780, a granddaughter of Thomas Henderson, also a native of Granville, and a great-granddaughter of Samuel Henderson. Samuel Henderson was born in Scotland, came to America in Colonial times, and was one of the pioneers at Granville, where he kept his home until his death. His son Thomas Henderson moved to Danbury in Guilford County, and upon the organization of that county became the first clerk of courts, an office he filled several years. Thomas Henderson married Jane Martin, of Snow Creek, and a sister of Governor Alex- ander Martin. Alexander Henderson, father of Mrs. Raiwley Galloway, as a young man entered the United States Federal service on a revenue cutter commanded by Captain Wallace, whose daughter he afterwards married. On leaving the Federal service he served for a time as teller in a bank at Newbern, then removed to Milton, establishing a branch of the bank at Newbern, and 'oMn^"^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 45 from there came to Mount Pleasant in Rocking- ham County, where he put in several years as a farmer. Alexander Henderson finally determined to engage in the foreign trade from the port of Mobile, and became an extensive buyer and ship- per of cotton to Liverpool. He was in business there about eighteen months when he returned to Mount Pleasant for his three daughters. His wife had died in the meantime, and he and his daugh- ters started on the overland journey for Mobile. At Eskridge on the National Road in Tennessee he was stricken with fever and died. His wife 's maiden name was Mary Wallace. One of their three daughters was Mrs. Rawley Galloway, who died March 5, 1887. Rawley GaJloway was a man of prominence in his generation. Politically he was a whig and was an elector from North Carolina on the whig ticket in 1848, casting his vote for General Taylor. He also represented Rockingham County in the Legislature one term. He and his wife were active members of the Episcopal Chureli. Alexander Henderson Galloway, the only child of his parents, spent his early life on his father's plantation in Rockingham County. He had the advantages of the rural schools and also prepared for college under private tutors. He became a student in the University of North Carolina, but on account of his father 's ill health left before graduating. He then took charge of the home farm, and was thus employed when the war broke out. In March, 1862, he enlisted in Company F of the Forty-fifth Regiment, North Carolina Troops. His first commission was as first lieu- tenant. He was promoted to captain of his com- pany, and led it in many important battles until he resigned to accept the office of quartermaster of Scales Brigade. He remained with the com- mand until the surrender at Appomattox, and then having given the best of his strength and service to the Southern cause he accepted the decision of arms and returned home. For two years after the war he traveled over the South as a tobacco salesman, and then resumed farming on the old homestead. In 1882 Major Galloway removed to Reidsville, operated a to- bacco warehouse for a year and a half, and after that his time was largely taken up with public and official affairs. He was elected sheriff of Rockingham County, and office he held by re-elec- tion for six years. This was followed by three terms as mayor of Reidsville, and he was then appointed postmaster. After four years as post- master he retired and has since looked after his private affairs. On October 26, 1858, Major Galloway married Miss Sally Scales. She was born in Rockingham County, North Carolina, a daughter of Robert and Jane (Bethell) Scales, and a sister of General Scales, the old commander under whom Major Galloway served during the war. Mrs. Galloway died in 1901. Both she and her husband were very active members of the Episcopal Church at Reids- ville, and reared their family in the same faith. They had eight children: Mary Wallace, Robert Scales, Jane Bethell, Alexander Henderson, Jr., Rawley, Emma Scales, Annie Irving and Alfred Scales. Robert Scales Galloway, a sou of Maj. Alex- ander H. Galloway, of Reidsville, whose career is found identified through the greater part of his business career with Winston-Salem, where he is now serving as postmaster- of the Twin City. He was horn at Valley Field in Rockingham County, and grew up in that county, partly on the plantation of his father and partiv in the Town of Reidsville. His first instructor was his aunt. Miss Emma Scales, who afterward founded the Reidsville Female Academy. Later he was a student in the Boys' School at Reidsville, and there he was under the instruction of Rev. Mr. Currie, a minister of the Presbyterian Church. His first work after leaving school was a clerk- ship at Reidsville. With considerable business experience to his credit he came to Winston as bookkeeper for Watt & Webb, proprietors of the Orinoco Warehouse. He remained with that firm as long as they were in business and toward the close of Mr. Cleveland's second administration accepted an appointment as deputy revenue col- lector. From the Federal service he entered the employ of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company as bookkeeper and remained with that great indus- trial organization for eight years. He resigned to go into business for himself, organizing the Stand- ard Building and Loan Association, of which he became director, secretary and treasurer. He was one of the officials most actively identified with that organization until 1913. In that year Mr. Galloway was appointed postmaster, and was the first official to occupy the handsome new Postoffice Building at Winston-Salem. On December 7, 1905, he married Miss Ida Miller. Mrs. Galloway was born in Indian Terri- tory, now the State of Oklahoma, a daughter of Frank and Ida (Wharton) Miller, both of whom were from Forsyth County, North Carolina. Frank Miller for some years engaged in business in Indian Territory ijut finally returned to Forsyth County, North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Galloway have two children : Ida Clifton and Louisa Scales. The family are active members of the Episcopal Church, in which Mr. Galloway is a vestryman. He is a member of the Twin City Club, the Rotary Club, and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. His first presidential ballot was given to Grover Cleveland, and he has been a steadfast and loyal democrat ever since. Conner J. Cottinghaji. To be financially in- terested in the prominently identified with both railroad and lumber interests in a prosperous com- munity indicates a large mea.sure of business .sta)iility, and such is a fact in regard to Conner J. Cottingham, a leading citizen of Alma, North Carolina, who is secretary and treasurer of the Alma Lumlier Company, and secretary and general manager of the Maxton, Alma & Southbound Rail- road. While Mr. Cottingham is not a native of Robeson County, almost his entire life has been spent here. Conner J. Cottingham was born in Marion County, South Carolina, December 24, 1872. His parents were A. J. and Annie (Jackson) Cotting- ham, the latter of whom is deceased. In 1875 A. J. Cottingham moved with his family from Marion County, South Carolina, to Maxton, Robe- son County, North Carolina, and established him- self there in the mercantile business, becoming in time, one of the leading merchants in the county, doing an extensive business witli farmers over a wide territory. Since retiring from merchandis- ing he has devoted himself to farm pursuits and to large lumber interests. 46 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA The Maxtou public schools provided Conner J. Cottingham with his educational training. As a boy he began to learn the first principles of busi- ness in assisting his father in his store, and con- tinued to be associated with liim until two years after he was married. For about four years after- ward he was employed by his l:irother, L. T. Cot- tingham. In the meanwhile he had become otherwise interested, finding a promising business opportunity in the great lumber industry, and in 1906 became an official of the Alma Lumber Com- pany of Alma, two miles from Maxton. This company since then has been developed into one of the largest manufacturing agencies in this section of the state. The president of the company is Maj. A. J. McMinnon, and its secretary and treasurer is Conner J. Cottingham. The Lumber Veneer Company was incorporated May 1, 1918, and three fourths of the stock is owned by the Alma. Lumber Company, Major McKinnon being its president, J. H. Taylor its secretary and manager, and Conner J. Cottingham its treasurer. Mr. Cottingham has been associated for some years also witli Major McKinnon, a capitalist and most enterprising and progressive business man, in a railroad enterprise, the building and operat- ing of the Maxton, Alma & Southbound Railroad, of which Major McKinnon is president and Mr. Cottingham is secretary and general manager. This road was built under Mr. Cottingham 's management and direction and began operation on November 4, 1912. It is a local enterprise of which the citizens of this section are justly proud. It has a mileage of fifteen miles and extends from Alma, where it connects with the Seaboard Air- line to Rowland, on the Atlantic Coast Line Road. It has proved a successful venture as it traverses a rich and prosperous agricultural and lumber manufacturing section, and does a general freight and passenger business. Its affairs have always been well and honestly managed and much credit is due Mr. Cottingham. Mr. Cottingham married Miss Mamie McCallum, who is a member of one of the old and prominent Scotch families of the county, and they have six children : Annie Montgomery, Henry M., Conner J., Angus F., Margaret and Graham Kirkpatrick. Alexander Stephens Holden, who was long favorably known as a salesman at Wilmington, has since 1905 been in the insurance business as district agent for the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, of Newark, New Jersey, with head- quarters at Wilmington. Mr. Holden, who has been a factor in the civic and social life of his home city, was born at Wil- mington November 2, 1861, a son of Samuel Wil- liam and Mary Ann (Barlow) Holden. His father was for many years a machinist with the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company. After an educa- tion in the public schools at Wilmington, Alex- ander S. Holden found his first opportunity as clerk in a dry goods store. Later for twenty-five years he was in the shoe business, and part of that time was a traveling salesman with territory in all the southern states. He finally gave uji mercantile lines to accept the district agency of the Mutual Benefit Life. He has long been prominent in Masonry, is now serving as secretary of St. John's Lodge No. 1, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, at Wilmington, and is secretary of the Sepia Grotto No. 79, M. O. V. P. E. R. He is also chairman of the Credential Committee of the Grand Lodge, Ancient Free ifc Accepted Masons. In 191-t the county commis- sioners of New Hanover County unanimously chose him county coroner, and he has filled that office with credit ever since. In 1916 he was elected by popular vote to the office. That was almost a unanimous declaration in favor of his official conduct and an evidence of his high standing in the community. Mr. Holden is an active mem- ber of the First Baptist Church of Wilmington, is chorister of the Sunday school, and has sung in the choirs of the leading churches of the city for the past twenty-five years. January 17, 1884, he married Miss Josephine Taylor, daughter of Joseph W. and Flora Ann (Perry) Taylor. Mr. and Mrs. Holden have tliree children. Ethel Clarice married M. E. Graham, bookkeeper for a lumber plant at Green Cove Springs, Florida, and they have two children, Mar- ion E. and Josephine. Bessie Morrison is the wife of Alva H. Standlaud, bookkeeper for a lumber plant at Newbern, North Carolina, and their three children are Alva H., Jr., Josephine and Bettie Patterson. Arnold Willey, the youngest child of Mr. and Mrs. Holden, is now attending private school. Edwin Llewellyn Travis. One of the most important positions in the State Government is held by Edwin Llewellyn Travis as chairman of the Corporation Commission, an office he has held for the past six years. Mr. Travis is a lawyer by profession, and a man of wide experience in state polities. For a number of terms he was in the State Senate, and took a very prominent part in securing the adoption of the suffrage amendment to the constitution, a few years ago. A native of Virginia, born in Brunswick Coun- ty June 6, 1866, he has lived in North Carolina since he was thirteen years of age and has made his own way in the world. His parents were Ed- ward W. and Mary Harrison (Clark) Travis. His father was a farmer and also a surveyor. Mr. Travis after leaving the public schools had to use his wits and industry to contrive means of self support and it was the self reliance developed by overcoming obstacles that proved an invaluable resource to him in his later professional career. For a number of years he lived at Halifax, North Carolina, wliere he took up the study of law in the office of Robert O. Burton. Admitted to the bar in 1890, the next three years he was in prac- tice with his former preceptor as a member of the firm of Burton & Travis. After that he practiced alone in Halifax. Mr. Travis was elected and served in the State Senate from Halifax during the sessions of 1899, 1901, 1903 and 1909. It was in 1909 that he was chairman of the Senate Committee which prepared the suffrage amendment to the constitution, and afterwards he was unanimously selected to make the speech for the measure representing the ma- jority party. Later the Senate presented him with the pen which had been used to ratify the measure, and that is a token of appreciation and service which he greatly cherishes. Mr. Travis is a keen debater, and that fact has been made apparent through all phases of his legal and political career. He has proved a forceful campaigner, and in 1898 and again- in 1900 was chairman of the Demo- cratic Committee and has been a factor in other campaigns in the state. Governor W. W. Kitchen first appointed Mr. i VilZ f:Z".'' YORK TILDE ARY HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 47 Travis a member of the Corporation Commission of North Carolina, and in 1914 he was elected to that oHice for the regular term of six years. He has been chairman of the board since 1913. He is a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner, and a mem- ber of the Country and Capital clubs at Ealeigh. In August, 1894, Commissioner Travis married Miss Jennie Outlaw Grady, daughter of Rev. Louis G. and Mary (Ruffin) Grady. Her father was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Travis have two sons: Kdward L. and Louis G., both of whom are now students in the University of North Carolina. William Thomas Pfohl, deceased, was long and prominently known in business affairs at Win- ston-Salem. He is kindly and affectionately remembered by his surviving comrades of the war between the states, and especially in Norfleet Camp of the United Confederate Veterans, in which he was an active member for many years. He did a soldier's duty, and in civil life and in those rela- tions which brought him into contact with his leUovraien he proved equally loyal, just, upright and honorable. The original name Pfohl was spelled "Phole." The Pfohl family has many associations with the old Town of Salem and also of the City of Winston-Salem. His grandfather, Rev. Christian Thomas Pfohl, was born in Germany in 1759. He was reared in the old country and liberally edu- cated. When a young man he came to America for the purpose of taking charge of the Boys ' School at Salem, North Carolina. For several years he remained as an instructor in that insti- tution, and then, having been ordained for the ministry, became pastor of the Moravian Church at Bethania, which he served upwards of twenty years. His death occurred in 1838, when nearly eighty years old. Gottlieb Pfohl, father of the late William T. Pfohl, was born in what is now Forsyth County and as a young man learned the jeweler's trade. He was in the jewelry business and also in music merchandise at different places. For a time he was located at Columbus, Ohio, and afterward at New Orleans, where he spent his last years. He married Anna Janette Grenshaw, of the prominent Virginia family of that name. She also died in New Orleans. Her three sons were Theodore, Henry and William Thomas, and her three daugh- ters, Eetta, Susan and Sally. The late William Thomas Pfohl was born Sep- tember 17, 1840. At the time of his birth his mother was on the steamer Annie Calhoun, of which his uncle was captain, off the coast of Florida. When he was a boy of tender years he was sent to Salem to be educated, and while ther« attended the Salem Boys' School. He had hardly attained his years of majority when the war broke out between the states, and he enlisted as a drum- mer in Companies D and L of the Twenty-first Regiment North Carolina Troops. He went with that regiment through all its numerous campaigns. He bore himself bravely in the face of the enemy 's bullets and never faltered in any emergency or danger. He was twice wounded. A minie ball struck the end of his finger and penetrated his arm, and at another time he was wounded in the ankle. His name appears in the oflBcial list of those paroled at Appomattox. After the war he returned to Winston and was collector of taxes for the town ten years. For six years he was in the grocery business. Much of his time was spent in some official duties, and he served as city detective until the World 's Fair at Chicago in 1893, and was assigned to similar duty on tlie grounds of the exposition in that city. On returning to North Carolina he was given a place on the state detective force of South Caro- lina, but after a while returned to Winston-Salem. For several years he was a collector of rents, and then engaged in the general advertising and bill posting business, which he developed to success- ful proportions. He was still active in this busi- ness at the time of his death, which occurred November 6, 1913. He was survived by his widow and one daugh- ter. Mrs. Pfohl still lives in Winston-Salem and she continues the business as manager of the Dixie Poster Advertising Company with home oflSce in Richmond, Virginia. She is one of a few lady managers of that kind of business. Before her marriage she was Roxana Lutitia Farabee. They were married July 19, 1882. Mrs. Pfohl is a native of Winston. Her father, Samuel Wesley Farabee, was born on a farm in Davidson County, and his parents were natives of England and of English lineage, being early settlers in Davidson County. Mrs. Pfohl 's father was reared on a farm, but at the age of twenty-one moved to Salem. He arrived in that town dressed in homespun and had had practically no experience except that of a farmer boy. He had neither friends nor money, but soon acquired both, and he became one of the steadiest and most reliable workmen in the Phillip Nissen wagon factory at Waughtown. After learning the trade he bought some property on Liberty, Sixth and Trade streets in Winston and built up a business of his own as a wagon manu- facturer. His output was calculated to win increased favor with passing years, and in time he found himself at the head of a highly profitable business. He remained a resident of Winston until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Mary Riggs, who was born in Surrey Coimty, North Carolina. Her first husband was Thomas Highland of Utica, New York, who died leaving three daughters, named Julia, Maggie and Adelia. Mrs. Pfohl was her father 's only daughter and inherited his estate, including the fine old home- stead at the corner of Liberty and Sixth Street. That was her own home until 1917, when she sold part of the property and bought the home on South Main Street where she now resides. Mrs. Pfohl is an active and helpful member of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church. She is the mother of one daughter, Robah Janette, now the wife of Beimon Ora Jones, Winston-Salem. Thomas Perbin Harrison, an educator of twenty-five years' experience and now dean of the North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering Arts at West Raleigh, was born at Abbeville, South Carolina, October 11, 1864, son of Francis Eugene and Mary Eunice (Perrin) Har- rison. His youth was spent on his father's plan- tation at Aii'dersonville in Anderson County, South Carolina. At the age of eighteen he entered the South Carolina Military Academy at Charleston, from which after the regular four years '_ college course he was graduated Bachelor of Science in 1886. After graduation he was appointed to an in- structorship of English in his alma mater, and at once began his duties. After two years he re- 48 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA signed in order to take advanced courses at Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore. While there the university honored him with a scholarship and a fellowship, and in 1891 conferred upon him the degree Doctor of Philosophy. Doctor Harrison has occupied the following posi- tions: At the South Carolina Military Academy, instructor in English, 1886-1888; at Clerason Co"l- lege, South Carolina, assistant professor and sub- sequently associate professor of English, 1891-96; at Davidson College, professor of English, 1896- 1909; at the North Carolina State College of Agri- culture and Engineering, professor of English, 1909, and dean of the college since 1910. In 1894 he married Adelia Lake, daughter of Rev. Dr. James Turner Leftwich of Baltimore. They have three sons and a daughter. Doctor Harrison is a member of the Presby- terian Church, of the Kappa Alpha Fraternity, of the State Farmers' Union and the Teachers' As- sembly, the Raleigh Chamber of Commerce and of the International Association of Teachers of Eng- lish. He and his family reside at 160;i Hillsboro Street in Raleigh. Thornwell Gibsox Fukr. Possessing to a marked degree the abilities which have made him a thorough and exact scholar in many branches of the law, Thornwell G. Furr, of Salisbury, just- ly occupies a place of note in the legal circles of Rowan County. He was born on a farm in Atwell Townshipj Rowan County, of German an- cestry, his line of descent being as follows: — Henry, Henry, John, Samuel Monroe, and Thorn- well Gibson. Henry Furr was born, reared and married in Germany. Immigrating to America in colonial days, he landed in Charleston, South Carolina, after a tedious ocean voyage of several weeks. Soon after, with his wife and infant son, whose birth had occurred during the voyage across the ocean, he made his way by wagon to what is now Cabarrus County, North Carolina, becoming one of its earliest pioneers. Securing a tract of wild land on Gold Water Creek, six miles south- east of the present site of Concord, he began the improvement of a homestead, and there spent the remainder of his life. Henry Furr, born on board ship while his parents were en route to America, grew up on the home farm in Cabarrus County, and when but six- teen years of age enlisted as a soldier in the Revo- lutionary war, and fought bravely with the colo- nists in tlieir struggle for liberty. An ardent pa- triot, and a fluent speaker, he was afterwards called upon to deliver the oration at a Fourth of July celebration. He was a man of physical and mental vigor, and lived to the venerable age of ninety-six years. He married, and reared a fam- ily of nine children, six sons and three daughters. John Furr spent his entire life of three score years in Township No. 2, Cabarrus County, throughout his active life having cafried on gen- eral farming with slave help. He married, April 28, 1808, Sarah Boger. She was a daughter of Daniel Boger, who owned and operated Soger's Mill, which is now known as Boss Mill. They were the parents of eleven children, eight of them being sons, as follows: Allison, Henry, Daniel, John Simpson, Tobis, William A., James Burton, and Samuel Monroe. Samuel Monroe Furr was born February ?>. 1828, in Township No. 2, Cabarrus County, and was there reared to agricultural jiursuits. At the age of twenty-two years, he bought a tract of land on Coddle Creek, Atwell Township, Rowan County, erected a comfortable house, and with the assistance of his slaves began to cultivate the land. During the Ci^l war, he served as captain of the Home Guard. He was quite successful as an agriculturist, and having purchased a farm ad- joining his own, he lived upon it until 1902. He then removed to Mocksville, Iredell County, where he is now living, retired from active pursuits. On November 3, 18.5.3, he was united in marriage with Lucilla McNeeley, a native of Iredell County, be- ing a daughter of .Joel McNeeley, a well-known farmer. Her mother was a great-granddaughter of Capt. William Gilbert Falls, who was killed in the Battle of Ramsouers Hill, June 20, 1780. Mrs. Samuel M. Furr is still living, being eighty-seven years of age. To her and her husband eight chil- dren were liorn, namely : Alice Elizabeth, Chal- mers Victor, Sarah Isabelle, -Junius Monroe, James Edgar, deceased; Walter Espey, Thornwell Gib- son, and Clarence L. Thornwell Gibson obtained the rudiments of his education in the district schools, and after com- pleting a course of study in the high school earned enough money by teaching school to enable him to enter the law department of the University of North Carolina, from which he was graduated in 1907, having in the meantime paid his college ex- penses by spending his vacations as a teacher in the public schools. Being licensed by the Superior Court to practice law, Mr. Furr located in Salis- bury, where his legal talent and skill are recog- nized and appreciated. Hox. Hugh G. Chatham. Possessing in a large measure the energy, force of character and pro- gressive spirit necessary for the successful con- duct of business affairs of importance and magni- tude, Hon. Hugh G. Chatham, of Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, has contributed appreciably to- ward the development and advancement of the manufacturing, railway and financial interests of Western North Carolina, his influence being felt in public affairs and in private enterprises. A native of Surry County, he was born on a plan- tation on the present site of Elkin, a son of Hon. Alexander Chatham and grandson of Martin Chat- ham, a pioneer of Wilkes County, North Caro- lina. He comes of English ancestry, his great- grandfather on the paternal side having emigrated from England to America when yonng, settling in Virginia, where he spent the remainder of his life. Martin Chatham was born in Augusta County, Virginia, in 1803, and there learned the trade of a blacksmith and machinist. In 1828, in company with Major Finley, General Patterson and others, he came to Wilkesboro, North Carolina, and having purchased a tract of land established a black- smith's shop, which he operated until his death, at the age of three score and ten years. The maid- en name of his wife, grandmother of the subject of this sketch, was Elizabeth Cass. She was a daughter of Moses and Elizabeth (Jones) Cass. She reared thirteen children, and five of her sons enlisted in the Confederate army, two of thenj being killed while in service. Hon. Alexander Chatham was born January 14, 1834, in Wilkesboro, North Carolina, and as a lad of ten years began working in his father 's smithy. ^ I ■ / r /O' C-A^-^-^'H.yL. HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 49 Being a natural meelianic, he soon became an ex- pert in the use of tools and very piroticient as a workman. Removing to Elkin, Surry County, when about twenty-five years old, he entered the employ of the Elkin Manufacturing Company, which was then operating with about thirty hands, and con- tinued with that concern until after his marriage, when he embarked in mercantile and agricultural pursuits. In 1878, in company with his brother- in-law, Thomas Gwyn, he built a small woolen mill on Elkin Creek, and, under the firm name of Gwyn & Chatham, operated it successfully for twelve years, in spite of the fact that the nearest rail- road was forty miles away. About that time his sons, Hugh G., Richard and Paul, and Capt. G. T. Roth purchased Mr. Gwyn 's interest in the firm and incorporated it under the name of the Chat- ham Manufacturing Company, with Mr. Alexander Chatham as president. Three years later he re- signed the presidency and organized the Elkin National Bank, to the affairs of which as presi- dent, he has devoted his time and energies. Hon. Alexander Chatham has been twice mar- ried. The maiden name of his first wife was Mary Elizabeth Gwyn. She was born in Elkin, Surry County, in 1840, a daughter of Richard Gwyn. Her grandfather, James Givyn, a native of Vir- ginia, came to North Carolina at an early day, set- tling in Wilkes County. Buying an estate neai; Bonda, he erected a fine mansion, which he occu- pied many years, and which is still standing, be- ing one of the landmarks of the county. He was an extensive planter, operating with slave labor. James Gwyn married Martha Lenoir, whose father, Thomas Lenoir, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and being captured by the British was con- fined as a prisoner in Camden, South Carolina. His daughter Martha, then a brave little girl of twelve summers, visited him in prison, carrying him clothes and food, making the journey on horse- tiack, and being accompanied by a negro servant. She met Lord Cornwallis, who, after hearing of her perilous trip, released her father, who returned home with her. Mr. Lenoir was a large land- owner, his estate comprising upwards of two thou- sand acres of land. Richard Gwyn, the maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born at the Gwyn home- stead, "Green Hill," near Ronda, Wilkes County. Inheriting a part of the parental estate, he man- aged it with the help of slaves, and from time to time added to his landed possessions, by pur- chase, until he, too, was owner of more than two thousand acres. He lived to the advanced age of four score and four years. An active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, he served as class leader and as steward. He was prominent in public affairs, and represented Wilkes County in the State Legislature. He married Elizabeth Hunt, a daughter of Daniel Hunt, of Jonesville, Yadkin County. Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (Gwyn) Chatham died at the early age of thirty-five years, leaving three sons, namely, Hugh G., the special subject of this sketch; Richard M. ; and Paul. After the death of, his first wife, the Hon. Mr. Chatham married Miss Alice Hickerson, a daugh- ter of Lytle Hickerson, who served as a major in the Mexican war. Of this union four children liave been born, namely, Alexander, Jr., Raymond, Daniel and Myrtle. Hugh Chatham acquired his elementary educa- tion in the Elkin public school, and after his grad- uation from the Jonesville High School took an advanced course of study at Vanderbilt Univer- sity in Nashville, Tennessee, remaining as a stu- dent in that institution two years. Beginning work then in his father's woolen mill, which had just been completed, he operated the first loom in the mill. He learned the entire process of making cloth from the raw material to the fin- ished product, and when perfect in the details of manufacturing turned his attention to the busi- ness part of that industry, mastering that also. Upon tlie organization of the Chatham Manufac- turing Company, Mr. Chatham was made president of the concern, and has continued in that respon- sible jiosition to the present time, the business under his judicious management being in a flour- ishing condition. Soon after he assumed the presi- dency the mill was transferred from Elkin Creek to a site on the railroad, and a small brick build- ing was erected. The business grew with remark- able rapidity, requiring large additions to the original mill, and in 1906 the company, owing to its increased business, established a factory in Winston-Salem, where Mr. Chatham is now resid- ing, being not only one of the more active and successful business men of the city, but prominent in its social life. Mr. Chatham married, in 1894, Miss Martha Lenoir Thurmond. She was born in Ripley, Mis- sissippi, a daughter of Richard Jackson and Mar- garet (Miller) Thurmond. Two children have blessed their union, Richard Thurmond Chatham and De Witt Chatham. Officially connected wdth various organizations, Mr. Chatham is a director of the Wachovia Bank and Trust Company. In 1901 he was appointed president of the North Carolina Railroad Company by Governor Aycoek, and was reappointed to the same responsible position by Gover- nor Glen, his executive ability and busi- ness acumen eminently fitting him for the office. He was also one of the promoters of the Elkin and Alleghany Railroad Company, which he is now serving as vice president. Mr. Chatham has always taken a deep interest in public matters, and in 1913 had the honor of being elected to the State Senate. While there he served as chairman of the Finance Committee and as a member of several committees of minor importance. Fraternally Mr. Chatham is a member of Win- ston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons; of Elkin Lodge of the Knights of Pythias; and of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He also belongs to the Twin City Club and to the Forsyth Country Club. Hon. John Fewel Reynolds of Winston-Salem has long been prominent both in the business and official life of that city, and for many years held the position of deputy internal revenue collector at Winston. He also served in the State Legis- lature and as a republican has done much to build up the strength of that party in Western North Carolina. Mr. Reynolds was born September 14, 1858, at Leaksville in Rockingham County, North Carolina. While the exact facts concerning the earlier gen- erations are not ascertainable, it is believed that^ his great-grandfather, George Reynolds, was a' native of Pennsylvania, from which state he became a pioneer in Pittsylvania County, Virginia. Mr. Reynolds' grandfather, Pryor Reynolds, was probably born in Pittsylvania County, but after reaching manhood he moved across the state line 50 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA into North Carolina and bought the land in the locality known as The Meadows in Rockingham County, near the present site of Draper. There he was a substantial farmer for many years. He married Prudence Morehead, sister of Governor Morehead. Thomas Reynolds, father of John F., was born at The Meadows in Rockingham County, North Carolina or Eastern Tennessee, April 19, 1819. He was well educated, subsequently took up the study of medicine, at first with a physician at Greensboro and then in the Jefferson Medical Col- lege at Philadeljihia, where he was graduated with his degree. He began practice at Madison, North Carolina, but in 1850 removed to Leaksville, where he commanded a large clientage until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Sarah J. Fewel, her death occurring at the early age of thirty-nine. She was a native of Madison, Rockingham County, and daughter of William and Mrs. (Wall) Fewel. The children of Thomas and Sarah Reynolds were: Charles A., former lieutenant governor of North Carolina; Lelia, who died when quite young; Elizabeth D., Thomas E. and John F. John F. Reynolds after his early education in the district schools and Mount Airy Academy entered the noted law school conducted by Judges Dick and Dillard at Greensboro, and completed his law course in 1883. Though well qualified for the law Mr. Reynolds has never practiced. Removing to Winston, he became a tobacco manufacturer in company with his brothers, and was in that busi- ness until the jianic of 1894. In 1897 he was appointed dejiuty internal revenue collector at the branch office in Winston, and filled the office con- tinuously for sixteen years and four months. Dur- ing that time forty-three milion dollars worth of revenue stamps were sold through his office and vrithout the loss of a single cent to the Govern- ment. Mr. Reynolds is a thoroughly competent and efficient business man, and has proved capable and just in every relationship of life. He cast his first presidential vote in 1880 for James A. Garlield. He has always been a con- sistent supporter of the principles of the repub- lican party and on its ticket was elected a repre- sentative in the State Legislature in 1898 and was elected to the State Senate in 1901. Mr. Reynolds was married May 7, 1890, to Maude Wall. Mrs. Reynolds is of a prominent North Carolina family, though she was born in Henry County, Missouri. Her grandfather. Mason Wall, owned and occupied a plantation in Rock- ingham County, North Carolina, but in 1844 he sold his land and moved to Missouri. For the purpose of finding homes in what was then the far West, a colony of Rockingham County people was made up, consisting of members of the Wall, Fewel, Garrett and Allen families. They went West with teams and wagons. They took along their slaves and drove a large number of livestock. It was a journey of much hardship but on the whole was also one of many pleasant incidents. They had ample provisions in their wagons, and they camped out by the roadside. At that date Missouri did not have a single mile of railroad, and much of the land was still owned by the Govern- ment and could be bought at $1.25 per acre. The woods and prairies were filled with wild game, consisting of buffalo, deer, wolves and panthers. In Henry County, where the colony located, Mason Wall secured a large tract of Government land, the greater part of which was prairie and situated in the north part of the county. For a time the nearest convenient market was at Boonville, & 100 miles distant. The various families lived th« simple frontier life, cooking their meals by th« open fire, while the slaves did th« carding, spinning and weaving, and homespun cloth provided all the clothing. The first home of the Wall family was a log house. Mason Wall was a very thrifty and successful business man and farmer, and in time he assisted each of his children in securing homes of their own. He lived in Henry County until his death. His wife's maiden name was Walker. Mrs. Reynolds ' father was Dr. James Walker Wall, who was born on a plantation in Rocking- ham County November 20, 1816. On completing his literary education he took up the study of medicine going to Philadelphia and graduating from the Jefferson Medical College. In 1844, then a young physician, he joined the colony bound for Henry County, Missouri, and arriving in that section he bought land in the northern part o< the county near his father 's home. His residence was about three miles from Leeton, across the line in Johnson County. His services as a physician were in great demand in that pioneer community, and he built up a large and extensive practice and continued it until his death on May 10, 1875. Wliile he was in active practice several young men studied medicine under him and also made their mark in the profession. Doctor Wall married Mary Frances Fewel, who was born in Madison, Rockingham County, North Carolina, March 28, 1829. Her father, William Fewel, was probably a native of Greensboro, but in 1844 was living in Rockingham County, at which time he joined the Missouri Colony and in Henry County improved a farm with the aid of his slaves. William Fewel married a Miss Wall, and both lived to a good old age. Mrs. Reynolds was one of six children: James W., Mary Elizabeth, Corinna Alice, Sarah Lelia, Maude Ella and Robert Lee. Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds have one daughter, Maude Edwin. She is a graduate of the Salem Academy and College and for two years was a stu- dent in St. Mary's College at Raleigh. She is a very gifted woman, especially in music, and has a large private class in piano, violin and vocal. .\LESANDER BOTD ANDREWS is a SOn of Col. A. B. Andrews (1841-1915) one of North Carolina's prominent men, whose biography is found on other pages. Born at Henderson, North Carolina, February 2, 1873, Alexander Boyd Andrews attended" the Raleigh Male Academy and the University of North Carolina, where he took the full four years course and was graduated in 1893. He continued his studies in the university in the Law Depart- ment during 1893-94, and was admitted to the bar in September of the latter year. Since then for over twenty years he has been in general practice at Raleigh. He is a member of the North Carolina and American Bar associations. From 1900 to 1904 he was a member of the Board of Aldermen of the City of Raleigh. Mr. Andrews is prominent in North Carolina Masonry. During 1916 he served as grand master of the Grand Lodge of the state, and in 1906 was srand coniniaiuler of the Knights Templar of North Carolina. He is also a Thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and a member of the Shrine. HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 51 On November 5, 1908, he married Miss Helen May Sharpies of Media, Pennsylvania. Her father was the late Walter M. Sharpies. Tudor Frith Winslow. An honored old Caro- linia name comes forward in respectfully calling attention to one of Perquimans County 's best known men, Tudor Frith Wiuslow, a name that for generations has represented sterling character and good citizenship. Tudor Frith Win.slow was born in Perquimans County, North Carolina, November 28, 1857. His parents were Francis Edward and Mary Talcm (Jordan) Winslow. His father was a man with numerous business interests, mainly agricultural, and after comjileting- his education in Randolph- Macon College, Tudor Frith Winslow assisted in conducting oiierations on the large farms and managing the stores that had to be established to meet the necessities of the hundreds of em- ployes. He thus had considerable business exper- ience prior to his father 's death, after which he and his brother, E. D. took over the entirt; management. Mr. Winslow had been conducting his own farms for but two years when he was first elected sheriff of Perquimans County, in which he served with the utmost satisfaction for two years and then resumed his personal management of his farm and stock interests. He operates 220 acres which adjoin the City of Hertford, and an additional 250 acres, as a member of the firm of Winslow & White. Mr. Winslow has numerous other interests, his active participation in the developing of local enterprises being a proof of his public spirit, as well as his business judgment and keen fore- sight. Mr. Winslow is vice president of the Hert- ford Banking Company; was one of the organizers of the Cotton Oil Company; and is a member of the Fisheries Commission Board of the state, an important body that looks after the interests of one of the most invaluable industries of North Carolina. Mr. Winslow was married December 27, 1882, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Wood, of Hertford, and they have the following children: Mary Wood, Katherine Leight, Francis Edward and Elizabeth Blount. Mr. Winslow lias always been a sound and loyal democrat and on numerous occasions his party has called upon him to accept offices of responsi- bility. After serving- several terms as mayor of Hertford, in 1900 he was a second time elected sheriff of the county and served four years more in that office, retiring with an unblemished public record. At present he is giving his services to his country as chairman of the local board of ex- emption in reference to the army draft for the World war. Mr. Winslow and his family are members of the Episcopal Church, in which he has served for years in the office of junior warden. In all things he commands the trust and respect of his fellow citizens. SiHON A. Ogbdrn has been a resident of Win- ston-Salem more than half a century. His presence there has been one of varied usefulness to the community. He has been a successful merchant, and has extended his influence to the betterment and improvement of the city. The Ogburn family is one of the oldest in Western North Carolina. It was established here more than a century ago, and the name is intimately associated with various pioneer undertakings. The pioneer Ogburn to locate in tliis part of Use state was Edmund Ogburn, a native of Penn- sylvania, where he grew up and married. About 1810 he brought his family to North Carolina, coming over the hills and trails from Virginia with wagon and team. He located about seven miles from Salem, in what was then Stokes County. His beginning was made with the purchase of a tract of timbered land. That land and all the sur- rounding country was tliea a rugged wilderness. Game of all kinds roamed through the woods and over the hills, and it was possible to gain a living by hunting the deer and bear that were so plenti- ful, not to mention many other species of the wild game. Edmund Ogburn had the mental and physical equipment for enduring the vicissitudes of pioneer existence. He was skillful with the ax, was an unerring marksman, and after he had cleared a portion of his land anil put it into cul- tivated crops he was able to sustain his family with all the necessary comforts. He and his wife lived on the old homestead until they passed away at a good old age. Their remains were laid to rest on the home farm. Sihon A. Ogburn is a native of the same county to which his grandparents came more than a cen- tury ago. He was born in the log house that stood five miles north of Salem, in what was then Stokes but is now Forsyth County. His liirth occurred there March 17, 1840. His father, James E. Og- burn, was born in Brunswick, A^irginia, in 1809, and was only a few months old when the family came to North Carolina. Naturally enough he had very meager advantages in the way of schools. He grew up in close touch with nature in its vir- gin state, learned all the arts and crafts of the frontier, and became sturdy and cajjable, and by experience rather than from books acquired the culture of the true gentleman. At the time of his marriage he bought some land near his father's place and erected the log house in which his son S. A. Ogburn first saw the light of day. This couple began housekeeping with no floor but the bare earth, while overhead the roof was covered with rough boards and the chimney was built of hewn timbers and rived boards lined from the in- side with a thick coating of clay. The mother of Mr. Ogburn had grown up proficient and wise in all the housewifely arts of her time. She knew how to spin and weave, and for years she dressed her children in homespun garments cut and fash- ioned with her own hands. Nearly all the cook- ing was done by the open fire. The fact that Winston-Salem is now one of the greatest tobacco centers in the South gives special interest to the pioneer enterprise of James E. Ogburn as a tobacconist. In the early days he raised a crop of tobacco, though only on a small scale. Forsyth County was then isolated from railroads and only a few rough highways led down into the more populous districts of the state. Thus there was little market for the leaf, and there was not a factory in the county. With the assistance of his sons, James E. Ogburn stemmed the tobacco and twisted it up into some of the pigtail twists which were such a familiar form of tobacco manufacture to an older generation. After thus putting his crop into a merchantable form he carried it to Salem, where his limited crop found a ready sale for home consumption. Thus was established the first tobacco factory in Forsyth County. At the beginning the family stemmed the tobacco in the house, but with the growth of the 52 HLSTOKY OF NORTH CAROLINA enterprise a special building was erected for that purpose. James Ogburn also installed a tobacco press, operated with wooden screws. In a few years the Ogburns were manufacturing the entire crop of tobacco leaf raised in Forsyth County. At that time the business was not one of surpass- ing proportions, since the county produced a very small crop in the aggregate. Manufacturing op- erations were usually begun in the month of .Tune and were continued until fall. The product was then taken in wagons to the southern counties and sold to the dealers and individuals. James Og- burn and wife lived on the old farm until late in life, when they moved to Winston and had their home with their son Sihon A. at the time of their death. They reared eight children: Eddie, Rufus, Marcellus, Sihon A., Charles J., John W., Martha E. and Edward W. Martha E. is the wife of Charles Masten and lives four miles east of Win- ston-Salem. The old farm in the country north of Winston- Salem afforded the environment where Sihon A. Ogburn spent his childhood years. He wisely im- proved all his opportunities to secure an education. To the limit of his strength and ability he assisted in the varied work of the farm and the tobacco factory. It will not be out of place to recall the earliest commercial transaction in which Mr. Og- burn was a party. This occurred when he was about eight years of age. In the process of strip- ping the tobacco leaf usually some small fragments were left on the stem. Young Ogburn busied him- self for several days with picking off these small pieces, and as a reward of his industry he found himself possessed of a small sack full of tobacco leaf. This sack he carried to Mr. Winkler, who kept the confectionei-y and cigar store. To the merchant 's question as to how much the boy wanted for his tobacco, the answer was given, "I will take it all in ginger cakes. ' ' The bargain was closed immediately on those terms and the purchaser was well satisfied and so was the seller. How many ginger cakes he received is not recorded, and nothing is known as to the discomfort he suf- fered consequent upon the sale and the consump- tion of the cakes. The years came and went, and about the time he reached his majority the North and South were involved in the life and death struggle of civil war. In 1862 Mr. Ogburn volunteered his services and enlisted in Company D of the Fifty-seventh Regi- ment, North Carolina troops. He was soon at the front, and on December 1.3, 1862, he was a par- ticipant in the great battle of Fredericksburg. In the course of that engagement he was three times severely wounded, and he carries the deep sears of his wounds even to the present time. He was then sent to a hospital, where he remained four months, and was then given a furlough home, where he spent nine months convalescing. Having re- covered somewhat, he reported for duty and was assigned to work as assistant in the quartermas- ter's department. Later he was appointed quar- termaster of the regiment, and gave service in that way until the close of the war. He surren- dered with his command at Appomattox, and on receiving his parole started home on foot, being three weeks in making the journey. In the fall after the close of the war Mr. Ogburn married, and he and his wife located at Winston. At that time the greater part of the present site of Winston was a wilderness. He and his wife occupied a house on the site now covered by the Kress store in the block across the street east of the courthouse building. Their house was then the only building in that entire block, and it was owned by Mrs. Ogburn 's father. At Winston the young soldier engaged in merchandising with his father-in-law, but after four years he left the town and bought a farm five miles north of the city. He was busied with the operation of his farm for two years, and then returning to Win- ston he bought the block of land upon which the O 'Hanlon ofSce building now stands. At the time of his purchase the block had only one building upon it. Here Mr. Ogburn engaged in the grocery trade, continuing it for several years, and then formed a partnership with his brother, C. J. Og- burn and W. P. Hill for the manufacture of tobacco. After two years Mr. Ogburn sold his interest in the tobacco, factory and then set up in business for himself, continuing for eighteen years. Since retiring from active commercial pursuits he has given his time to the management of his pri- vate affairs. On October 17, 186.5, Mr. Ogburn married Mary Jane Tise. Mr. and Mrs. Ogburn had the very happy experience of celebrating on October 17, 1915, the golden wedding anniversary of their marriage. It was an occasion of much interest to the entire community, and was made happy and joyous by the presence of their children, grand- children and a great host of friends who at that time took the opportunity to render special honor to this old couple who have lived in the city for more than half a century. Mrs. Ogburn was born at Winston September 26, 1847. Her father was Jacob Tise, who was born December 13, 1817. The Tise grandparents spent their last years in Winston. Jacob Tise was an early comer to Salem, where he served an ap- prenticeship at the carriage making and black- smithing trade. His apprenticeship over, he engaged in business for himself at Winston. His shop occupied the flatiron lot at the junction of Liberty and Main streets, his home being just across the street from his shop. He was a very successful business man, and in time acquired a large amount of town property. Many years ago he erected a dwelling house on the site now occu- pied by the great Reynolds tobacco factory. After his sons had grown to years of usefulness he engaged in merchandising, and continued a resi- dent of Winston until his death at the age of eighty-six years. Under his eyes Winston had expanded from a mere settlement in the wilder- ness to a thriving city, and he himself had been a not unimportant factor in that building and prog- ress. Jacob Tise married Margaret Kiser. She was born November 19, 1825, a daughter of Henry and Betty (Ripple) Kiser, and a granddaughter of Tandy Kiser. Tandy Kiser in the early part of the last century operated a very large planta- tion near Rural Hill in the northern part of For- syth County, and kept a retinue of about a hun- dred slaves in the fields and about the house. Henry Kiser, the father of Margaret Kiser, was also a large planter, his farm being about five miles from Germanton in Stokes County. Betty Ripple, who married Henry Kiser, was born in Davidson County, North Carolina, and both she and her husband lived to be upwards of ninety years of age. Mrs. Margaret Tise died in 1915, when eighty-nine years of age. She and her hus- HISTORY OF NORTH CAR0LI^\1 "53 band reared four children: Mary J.; Martha Ann, who married John Henry Masten; Charles H., de- ceased; and Jacob Cicero. Mr. and Mra. S. A. Ogburn are the parents of ten children, named Robert Lee, Minnie V., Bufua H., Cicero, Ella, Mary, John F., Carrie, Paul and Daisy. Robert Lee has six children, two by his lirst wife, Emma Mickey, Clyde and Lillian, and by his second marriage, to Ida Fulcher, his four children are Thomas, Gene, Lena and Nina. The daughter Minnie married Francis B. Efird, and their five children are Oscar, Ida, Francis, Mary and Bahson. Rufus H., by his marriage to Dena Newton, has three children, named Henry, Celestie and Ada Gray. Cicero married Emma Kapp, and their four children are Cicero, Cleo, Kapp and Thomas Linn. Ella became the -nife of John Mc- Creary and has a daughter named Margaret. Mary married J. M. Peden, and their one daughter is Mary Frances. John F. married Sally Griffith and has a son, John Francis. Carrie is unmarried. Paul died at the age of twenty years. Daisy is the wife of S. C. Clark and lives at High Point. She married on her parents' fifty-second anni- versary and was twenty-five years old when she married. Mr. Ogburn had three brothers, all of whom went through the Civil war and all are living at this writing. Raymond Gay Pakker. A successful member of the Winston-Salem bar, Mr. Parker is a native of North Carolina and is a graduate in law from the University of North Carolina. His early environment was a farm in Wiecacanee Township in Northampton County, North Carolina. His father was Israel Putnam Parker, who was born in the same townjhip. The grandfather, Jesse Parker, was a farmer and spent his last years in that section of North Carolina. Jesse Parker married Miss Joyner, who lived to be eighty-three years of age. Israel Putnam Parker grew up on a farm and subsequently bought a place near the old homestead and was success- fully engaged in general farming there until his death at the age fifty-three. He married Miss Sue Gay. She was born in Jackson Township of Northhampton County, daughter of Jeremiah and Adelia (Staneell) Gay. Jeremiah Gay was a Con- federate soldier. Mrs. Sue Parker is now living in the Village of Jackson, and was the mother of three sons, named Walter, Raymond G. and Carl P. Raymond G. Parker attended the rural schools first and afterwards the Warrenton High School. For two years he was in the academic department of Wake Forest CoUege, and from there entered the law department of the University of North Carolina, where he was graduated in 1910. Mr. Parker has had a thorough experience as a lawyer and was in active practice at Jackson near his old home until 1915. He then moved to Winston- Salem, and since January, 1916, has been asso- ciated in the handling of a large legal clientage with John Cameron Buxton. Mr. Parker was married in 1911 to Miss Julia RaOey. Mrs. Parker, who died ten months after her marriage, was born in Northampton County, daughter of R. E. and Alma Railey. Mr. Parker is an active member of the Brown Memorial Baptist Church, belongs to the Young Men's Christian Association at Winston-Salem, and is a member of the Twin City Club. He has always been fond of athletic sports and while in college played center on the football team of 1907. Fra- ternally he is afliliated with Winston Lodge No. 167, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Winston Chapter No. 24, Royal Arch Masons, Piedmont Commandery No. 6, Knights of Pythias, and Oasis Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Charlotte. Charles Alexander Hartman. Occupying a finely improved and well managed farm in Far- mington, Charles A. Hartman is actively identified with the promotion of the agricultural prosperity of I)a\-ie County, and is held in high regard as a man and a citizen. He was born, September 17, 1854, about one mile south of Farmington, his present home, being a son of George A. Hartman, who was born in the same locality. Mr. Hartman 's grandfather, Charles Hartman, it is supposed, was born in Germany, and was the only member of his father's family to cross the ocean. Coming to North Carolina, he located in Davie County, and having bought a tract of land lying about a quarter of a mile south of Farm- ington he lived there a number of years. In 1853 he migrated to Illinois, and having purchased vil- lage property resided there until his death. He married, and reared a family of sons and daugh- ters, the names of his sons having been George A., Elam, Moses, and James. George A. and two of the daughters remained in North Carolina, while the remainder of the family accompanied him to Illinois. When ready to settle in life, George A. Hartman bought laud situated a mile south of Farmington, Davie County, and began life as a farmer. Dur- ing the progress of the Civil war, he enlisted in the Confederate Army and served until the close of the conflict. Returning to his home after be- ing paroled, he resumed his agricultural labors, remaining on the home farm during the rest of his life. Tlie maiden name of the first wife of George A. Hartman was Elizabeth Etchison. She was born 1^4 miles southeast of Farajington, a daugh- ter of Shadrach Etchison. She died in 1856, leav- ing but one child, Charles Alexander, of this sketch. The second wife of George A. Hartman, whose maiden name was Sally Williams, was born about two miles southeast of Farmington, a daugh- ter of Martin and Julia (Howard) Williams. She liore him two children, Bettie and Hattie. Spending his early life on tlie home farm, Charles A. Hartman obtained his education in the district schools, and while assisting his father be- came well versed in agricultural lore. About 1879, he located in Farmington, where he resided for nine years, having been engaged in the manufac- ture of tobacco until 1883, and the following five years in the wholesale liquor business. Removing then to Shore, Yadkin County, he continued there two years, and for three years thereafter was a resident of Fremont, Wayne County. Going from there to Onslow County, Mr. Hartman resided in Jacksonville for two years, and then returned to Farmington, locating on the farm he now occupies, and the management of which, in addition to at- tending to his private affairs, he superintends. Mr. Hartman was united in marriage, December 18, 1879, with Maggie Maria Brock. She was born near Farmington, December 17, 1859, a daughter of James Nathaniel Brock, and grand- daughter of Enoch Brock. Her great-grandfather, Nathaniel Brock, was born in Virginia, coming, it is said, from German ancestry. A local preacher 54 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA in the Methodist Episcopal Church, he came to North Carolina during the later years of his life, locating in what is now Farmington Township, Davie County, but was then Rowan County, and on the farm that he purchased he spent the re- mainder of his life. Enoch Brock was born and bred in Princess Anne County, Virginia. Becoming a pioneer set- tler of Davie County, he was engaged in agricul- tural pursuits in Farmington for a number of years. Disposing then of his farm, he moved to Weakley County, Tennessee, and tliere resided un- til his death. He married Miss Huddleston, and they reared four sons, among them having been the father of Mrs. Hartman. He, James Na- thaniel Brock, was born, in 1810, near Norfolk, Virginia, and was a child when he came with his parents to North Carolina. A farmer by occu- pation, he was for a few years located on land that his wife had inherited from her father, but later assumed possession of land that he had pur- chased near Farmington, and there carried on gen- eral farming until his death, when seveuty-si.x years old. He was twice married. He married first Maria Maxwell, who died in 1848. The maiden name of Mr. Brock 's second wife, the mother of Mrs. Hartman, was Margaret Cuthrell. She was born near Norfolk, Virginia, a daughter of Maximilian Cuthrell, a native of Virginia, and a soldier in the War of 1812, who came to Davie County, North Carolina, about 1829, and spent his last years in the vicinity of Farmington. Five children have been born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Hartman, namely: Charles Cecil, who died in the twenty-first year of his age; Guy L. ; Marjorie; George; and Mary Nell. George and Guy are both members of the Masonic Fra- ternity. Guy L. married Sally McGregor, and they have one daughter, Elizabeth. Mr. and Mrs. Hart- man are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and generous supporters of the same, con- tributing their full share toward its maintenance. Fraternally Mr. Hartman is a member of Farm- ington Lodge No. 265, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons. W1LL1.A.M Stewart Blanch.\rd. One of Hert- ford's foremost citizens, prominent in political and active in business life for many years, is William Stewart Blanchard, a memlier of the old Blanch- ard family stock of Eastern North Carolina of many generations back. Mr. Blanchard was born in Perquimas County, North Carolina, at Blanch- ard's Bridge, an old landmark, October 23, 184.5. His parents were William Bawles and Cassandra (Deans) Blanchard. The excellent public schools of the present day were not in operation in Perquimans County in Mr. Blanchard 's youth, but there were many private schools of superior merit, and after attending for some years he entered Hertford Academy and there completed his academic course. In the meanwhile the war between the states had been precipitateil and was in progress, and when Mr. Blanchard had little more than passed his eighteenth birth- day he enlisted as a private in Company A, Thirteenth Battalion, North Carolina Light Artil- lery, Confederate Army, and served from Decem- ber, 186.3, until the close of the war. He returned home practically 'unharmed and immediately turned his attention to the peaceful pursuits of agriculture. For two years Mr. Blanchard assisted his father, who was a merchant, by operating the home farm. In 1868 he was married and then engaged in farm- ing for himself and continued his agricultural activities for thirteen years and then came to Hertford. Here, in association with his brother, Thomas Crowder Blanchard, he embarked in a general mercantile business on Eighteenth Street. Subsequently his son, Joseph Carroll Blanchard, bouglit an interest and Mr. Blanchard continued active in the business until 1913, when he retired. Mr. Blanchard is president of the Hertford Bank- ing Company. His public services have been numer- ous and important, and his fellow citizens fre- quently having shown appreciation of his business ability and his high personal character by calling him to offices of great responsibility. He has served the city worthily and lienefieially as mayor, and also has represented his district in the State Legislature with signal usefulness. Mr. Blanchard was married in December, 1868, to Miss Artemesia Towe, and they have the fol- lowing children: William Martin, Joseph Carroll, .Julian, Lawrence E., Margaret Deanes, Annie, who is the wife of Rev. R. H. Willis, a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, Alice and Eugenia Winnifred. Mr. Blanchard and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and he is a memljcr of the board of stewards. Joseph Carroll Blanchard, second son of Wil- liam Stewart Blanchard, and manager and part )iroi'rietor of the mercantile house of Blanchard iSr Son, Hertforii, is one of the progressive young business men of Hertford. He was born in this county, June 8, 1880. After attending Hertford Academy he entered Trinity College at Durham, North Carolina, where he remained until 1901, when he returned to Hertford and entered the mercantile business with his father and uncle. In 1912 he purchased a half interest in the busi- ness and became general manager. Mr. Blanchard was married October .5, 1910, to Miss Lillian Ferguson, of Waynesville, North Carolina, a daughter of Judge G. S. Ferguson, and they have two children, Sarah Ferguson and Lil- lian Carroll. Mr. Blanchard and wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which, he is a steward, and they have a wide social acquaintance and maintain a hospitable home. Mr. Blanchard takes a deep interest in his city and is particularly concerned in regard to the public schools. He has never been very active in politics and has cared little for public office, l)ut has willingly consented to accept the chairmanship of the county board of education, a position for which he is admirably qualified. Samuel Franklin Vance, of Winston-Salem, has played a noteworthy part in business and pub- lic life in Forsyth County for many years, still keeps in touch with commercial affairs as a director in the Merchants National Bank of Winston-Salem and is a stockholder in various corporations, but for the most part is content to reside on his farm and look after his duties as state secretary of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, an office he has held for a number of years. Mr. Vance was born on a plantation in Belews Creek Township of Forsyth County. His ancestry is Scotch. His grandfather, John Vance, was born in 1799 and is thought to have been a native of Forsyth County. He owned and occupied a farm in Belews Creek Township, and died there when about eighty years of age. He married Mary Mar- <^^^U4A/^iCUUi. ^CU4.AL >^ HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 55 shall, who was also born in 1799 and survived her husband about six years. They reared eight chil- dren, named Betsy, Lucretia, Martin, John Frank- lin, Nathaniel D., Jane, Aulena and Mary. They are all now deceased, but it is a noteworthy fact that the sons all lived to be more than eighty years of age. John Franklin Vance, father of Samuel Frank- lin, was born in Belews Creek Township March 25, 1825. He was distinguished as a natural mechanic. He had what amounted to a genius in the handling of tools and in the making of things usually the product of skilled trades. While he followed farm- ing as his principal vocation, he could and did work successfully as a carpenter, bricklayer, shoe- maker and in other lines. His life was spent in his native township, and he died there when in his ninetieth year. He married Sarah Barham. She was born in the same section of Forsyth County November 1, 18.31, and died in her seventy-third year. Thus both sides of the family are remark- able for longevity. Her jiarents were Balaam and Matilda Barham. John F. Vance and wife reared seven children: Samantha, Walter Burton, Au- gusta, Samuel Franklin, Arcelia, Virginia and Carrie. Samuel F. Vance spent his early life in the country districts of Forsyth County. He attended school there. The first school he attended was helil in a log cabin with a complete equipment of home- made furniture. The seats were made of slabs with wooden pins for legs, and there was not a tithe of the splendid equipment which school chil- dren of the present day enjoy. Limited as was the curriculum, he wisely imjiroved all the advan- tages offered him, and at the age of seventeen was qualified as a teacher himself. His first term was taught in the Vance schoolhouse, and he taught and attended school alternately for seven years. He finally completed a course in the Kernersville High School. His last three years as a teacher were in Middle Fork Township. From teaching Mr. Vance turned to commercial employment as a worker for the Spach brothers, and for five years had charge of their lumber department. He then accepted a call to public service, when appointed deputy clerk of the Supe- rior Court, an olBce he filled six years. He was next appointed assistant postmaster of Winston- Salem, and filled that office for twelve years, until he resigned. Mr. Vance then became vice presi- dent and treasurer of the Carolina Coal & Ice Company and the Crystal lee Company, but after a year gave up these positions requiring a great deal of executive detail and removed to his farm at Guthrie Station, 5i4 miles east of the courthouse. He has an attractive country home, and takes much delight in looking after his farm. Mr. Vance is a member of Fairview Council No. 19, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, the largest council of that order in the state. Hei was elected state secretary of the order in 1899, and has been continued in the office by repeated elections ever since. Through that office his name is known throughout North Carolina. He is also affiliated with Damon Lodge No. 41, Knights of Pythias, and with Twin City Camp No. 27, Woodmen' of the World. Mr. Vance was married December 19, 1901, to Sally E. Fulton. She was born in Belews Creek Township, daughter of .John W. and Martha E. Fulton. Mr. and Mrs. Vance have two sons, Samuel Franklin, Jr., and Fred Fulton. The family are members of the Moravian Church. George W. Coan has long been prominently identified with the business affairs of Winston- Salem and is also prominent in social and civic atfairs. Until he retired from business he was officially identified with the great R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Mr. Coan 's success in life has been due less to influential circumstances than the determination and ambition of his own character. He had a high aim as a young man and succeeded in realizing many of the more substantial ambitions of his youth. He was born on a plantation in Henry County, Virginia, but his family were long identi- fied with South Carolina. William Coan, Sr., was a native of Scotland, and on coming to America settled in Spartansburg, South Carolina, where he spent the rest of his life. His son, William Coan, Jr., became a planter in South Carolina, had a number of slaves, and was a man of substantial character and position in Spartansburg County. He died at his old home there while the war between the state was in progress. He married Polly Otts, who was of Scotch-Irish stock. They reared three sons: Andrew, James and John, and a daughter named Ann. John Coan, father of George W., was born on the plantation in Spartansburg, South Carolina, in 1833. He finished his education in the old War- ford College, located near Spartansburg, and hav- ing completed his course he moved to Henry County, Virginia, and became a teacher. He was thus engaged when the war broke out, and soon afterward he enlisted and went to the front with a Virginia regiment. He served the cause of the South faithfully and well until the close of the struggle. On returning to Henry County he engaged in farming, a vocation he followed until his death in 1910. He never attained large wealth, but was a man of fine character and exer- cised an influence for good in his community. He married Mary Jones, a native of Henry County, Virginia, and daughter of George K. and Ann (King) Jones, both of whom were of Colonial ancestry. Mrs. John Coan still occupies the old home farm in Henry County, Virginia. She reared six children : Bettie, wife of Leon Sheffield, Lulie, George W., Posey, wife of J. J. Cox, Birdie, and John O., Jr. Mr. George W. Coan acquired his early educa- tion in the public schools of Henry County, Vir- ginia. At the age of eighteen he engaged in business life as a bookkeeper in his native county. He continued similar duties until he was twenty- four, when he was made cashier of the Farmers Bank at Martinsville, Virginia. He had three years of practical experience as a banker, and resigned to engage in the manufacture of tobacco at Martinsville. His big opportunity came when he accepted the position of private secretary to Mr. R. J. Reynolds at Winston. He remained Mr. Reynolds' secretary two years, and then took a more active part in the great Reynolds tobacco industry. He was elected a director and the secretary and treasurer of the company. He car- ried many of the heaviest responsibilities of the detailed management of the business for fifteen years, until he resigned April 1, 1915. Since then he has lived retired, merely looking after his private affairs. 56 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA In 1890 Mr. Coaii married Miss Lula Brown. She was born in Franklin County, Virginia, daugh- ter of William A. and Susan (Finney) Brown. Mr. and Mrs. Coan have two children: George W., Jr., and May. Mr. Coan is now serving as president of the Twin City Club of Winston-Salem and is a director of the Forsyth Country Club. He is a demitted member of the Masonic fraternity. He and his wife are active in the social life of the city. , Mrs. Coan and her daughter are members of tha Christian Church, while he remains faithful to the church of his ancestors, the Presbyterian denomi- nation. William H. H. Gregory. Civilization will hail riches, prowess, honors, popularity, but it will bow humbly to sincerity in its fellows. The ex- ponent of known sincerity, of singleness of honest purpose, has its exemplification in all bodies of men. He is known in every association and to him defer the highest honors. Such an exemplar, whose daily life and whose life work have been dominated as their most conspicuous character- istic by sincerity is Capt. William H. H. Gregory, of Statesville, North Carolina. Captain Gregory, a farmer and a retired cotton merchant, was born at Drury 's Bluff, Virginia, between Richmond and Petersburg, the date of his nativity being 1844. He is a son of Dr. Wil- liam W. and Elizabeth (Taylor) Gregory, both deceased. The Gregory family is of Scotch origin and the founders of the name in America came hither with the Gaits and settled on the James River, in Virginia. The family is of historic ancestry, bearing the blood of a number of the oldest and most renowned families of the Old Dominion commonwealth. Captain Gregory 's fa- ther was a planter and physician and a man of large affairs. His mother was the daughter of Col. Thomas P. Taylor, of Richmond, and a cousin of President Zachary Taylor. One of her brothers married a daughter of President William Henry Harrison, in whose honor Captain Gregory was named. Robert Pegram, of Virginia, who com- manded the famous Confederate gunboat. The Nashville, was a first cousin of Captain Gregory of this review, on the paternal side. Captain Gregory is an exceptionally well edu- cated and highly cultured gentleman. In his youth he attended the Rappahannock Military School, Georgetown College, Emory & Henry College, and Richmond College, of Richmond. He had not reached his fifteenth year, when, a boy at Rich- mond, he was a member of Company F, a local military organization in that city. In 1859, at the time of tlie threatened invasion of Virginia by John Brown, Governor Wise immediately called Company F into service to go to Harper 's Ferry to resist that raid. However, John Brown was captured by Captain (afterward General) Robert E. Lee an hour prior to the arrival of Company F at that place. Captain Gregory relates many interesting incidents of this historic affair, of which he is one of the very few survivors. In 1861 Doctor Gregory and his family located in Charlotte, North Carolina, and there they re- sided at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war. Though but seventeen years of age at the time. Cap- tain Gregory volunteered his services, and as a re- sult of his military-school training and actual ex- perience, he was selected for drill master and as- signed to duty in Virginia. Subsequently he re- turned to Charlotte and enlisted as a private in the regular Confederate service, later becoming adju- tant of the Forty-second North Carolina Regiment of Infantry and eventually achieving the rank of captain. He was a courageous and high-spirited young soldier and was wounded in battle at Port Walthall Junction. After the close of the war Captain Gregory returned to Charlotte and there engaged in the general mercantile business, later becoming a cot- ton trader in that city. In 1886 he removed to his present place of abode, Statesville, county seat of Iredell County, and here engaged in the cotton business. Of late years he has been re- tired from active business life and he is now de- voting his time to the management of his attrac- tive farm of about one hundred acres, adjoining Statesville on the Northwest. This beautiful country estate is located on the Wilkesboro Road and as a result of natural advantages is well drained, therefore producing excellent crops. The residence stands on a high elevation, in a grove of giant oak trees, and is attractive and homelike in every respect. It boasts many valuable and interesting relics and mementos of the Confederacy and among other antiquities is a sterling ■ silver egg-boiler that belonged originally to the old Harrison family of Virginia. Captain Gregory has been twice married. November 14, 1866, he wed Miss Dora Brown, of Wilmington, a daughter of Frank Brown, of the old firm of Brown & DeRossett, of that city. Two children survive this marriage: Miss Mary Armstead Gregory, at home ; and Caroline, wife of R. A. Lackey, of Oklahoma. Mrs. Gregory was summoned to the life eternal March 26, 1878, and for his second wife Captain Gregory married on October 12, 1880, Miss Mittie Lou Ramsey, of Columbus, Mississippi, a daughter of the late John Calhoun Ramsey, originally of Fayetteville, North Carolina, and prior to his demise a promi- nent manufacturer and business man in Missis- sippi. This union was prolific of four children, concerning whom the following brief data are here incorporated : Marie Taylor is the wife of Ernest B. Moore, of Atlanta; Rylina Harrison married H. C. Evans and they make their home in Raleigh, North Carolina; Lieut. Harry Gregory is an ofScer in the United States Army and served at the Mexican border in the summer of 1916; and Richard K. Gregory is a resident of Baltimore, Md. Under Gen. Julian E. Carr Captain Gregory held the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the United States Confederate Veterans, Department of North Carolina, and at the great reunion of that organization at Washington, in June, 1917, he commanded the first brigade of North Carolina veterans. Captain Gregory is a man of high im- pulses, strong moral filler, fine judgment and keen foresight. He has helped to build up the com- munity in which he resides and here he is well known and is held in high esteem by everyone. Addie Archie Paul began business life at a very early age and by hard work and a rather unusual degree of persistency, mixed with exper- ience and native talent, has achieved that degree of success accorded him by his friends and asso- ciates at Washington, where he is one of the highly esteemed citizens. Mr. Paul was born in Craven County, North Carolina, June 24, 1882, a son of Beverly and TKK KF:Vj' YORK ]4r:<J^r)€^£e. HISTORY OP NORTH CAROLINA 57 Martha (Rowe) Paul. His father was a mecliauic and farmer. After an education in tlie public schools of his native county, Mr. Paul hcgan work in a grocery store at the age of fourteen. Later he was with a dry goods establishment at Newbern, North Carolina, and from that got into business for himself as a furniture dealer and undertaker at Wilson, North Carolina. He was in business at Wilson for nine years. Since then most of his work has been in the field of real estate, for a time he operated in Sampson and Bladen counties, but in 1917 opened his main offices in Washington. Mr. Paul is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Harmony, and the Patriotic Sons of America. He and his family attend worship in the Baptist Church. His first wife was Mary Barber, who died August 1, 1908, leaving no children. On Sep- tember 1, 1909, he married Lillie Belle Willis, of Washington, North Carolina. They have three children, Beverly, Callie and Arthur Atwood. William Poindexter Hill has spent the greater part of his active career in Winston-Salem, and for years has been one of the sustaining factors in the commercial affairs of that city. He was a boy soldi( r of the Confederate army and life has opened up to him a great variety of experience and opportunity. Ho is a great-grandson of a gallant officer of the Revolutionary war. This ancestor was Major Robert Hill, who was born in Caroline County, Virginia, a son of William Hill, who probably spent all his life in Virginia. Major Hill was in the War of the Revolution with "VEtEginla/, troops, and won his title by valiant service iji behalf of the cause of freedom. "After tlie war he moved to North Carolina, and bought land near Germanton in Stokes County. With the aid of his slaves he improved a fine plantation, on which he lived until his death. Joel Hill, grandfather of William P., was born in Stokes County, North Carolina, and after grow- ing to manhood succeeded to the ownership of a portion of the old plantation. He also employed slaves in it.s operation, and lived a quiet and useful life there until his death in 1856. Joel Hill married Mildred Golding. Her father John Golding came to North Carolina from Virginia, was an early settler in Stokes County and had a plantation near Germanton on which he spent his last years. Mrs. .Joel Hill died in 1869. She had a family of eleven children. John Gideon Hill, father of the Winston-Salem business man, was born near Germanton October 11, 1817. He was a product of rural environment and of rural schools in his youth. He was satis- fied to follow the example of his ancestors and cultivated his fields and was an earnest participant in the life of his community. Before his mar- riage he served a term as Sheriff of Stokes County, which then included Forsyth County. When Forsyth County was organized he was elected sheriff of the new county. He married Susan Frances Poindexter. She was born near German- ton in Stokes County, October 9, 1828. Her father. Colonel William Poindexter, was a native of the same locality. Her grandfather, David Poindexter, came from Virginia, and was a Revolutionary soldier, being in Washington's army and a witness of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. On coming to North Carolina he developed a plantation in Stokes County, not far from Germanton, and that was the scene of his last years. This Revolutionary veteran married Frances Johnson. Her mother was named Poe, and she was also related to the Chisholm and Fox families. Colonel William Poindexter remained a resident of Stokes County all his life and conducted a large plantation there. He derived his title from service in the state militia. Colonel Poindexter married Eliza Nelson, a native of Stokes County, daughter of a promi- nent planter Isaac Nelson. Mrs. John G. Hill was a member of the Episcopal Church. She died at the age of sixty-one, having reared eight children, William Poindexter, Ann Eliza, Mary Mildred, Joel, Sarah Josephine, David Jasper, Francis Gideon and Alice. William Poindexter Hill was born on a farm near Germanton in Stokes County October 8, 1847. Owing to the turbulent state of the country during his youth he had rather limited advantages in the way of schooling. He was only fourteen when the war broke out, and he shortly after- ward enlisted in the Junior Reserve, serving under Lieutenant Neal. The first work to which he directed his attention after the war was teaching in Henry County, Virginia, and he also taught in Stokes and Forsyth Counties, North Carolina. Mr. Hill has been a resident of Winston since 1878. While he is now endeavoring to free him- self from some of the heavier cares of business he was for many years a vigorous and active participant in the commercial life of the city. He was one of the organizers and vice president of Oakland Manufacturing Company, now the B. P. Huntly Furniture Company. He was also an organizer of the Huntly-Hill-Stockton Company, which has built up a business that makes it one of the largest furniture houses in the entire state. Mr. Hill still retains the vice presidency in this company. For a number of years he was also a member of the firm of Ogburn, Hill & Company, tobacco manufacturers. He married Elizabeth Ogburn. Mrs. Hill is a native of Winston, daughter of Cliarles B. and Tabitha (Moir) Ogburn. For the record of her family, long a prominent one in this section of Nortli Carolina, the reader is referred to other pages of this publication. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have reared five children: Charles G., William P., Elizabeth, Eugene D., and Edward Ashton. Cliarles married Mary Ella Cannon, and has three children Ella Cannon, Charles G., and Susan Frances. Eugen» married Minnie Lee Henry. Elizabeth is the wife of Agnew Hunter Bahnson, and has a son Agnew Hunter, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have long been sustaining members of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church. Oscar Rodolph Keiger, M. D. A young physician of thorough ability and wide training and experience, Doctor Keiger has recently located at Winston-Salem and is in the enjoyment of high professional standing and a large practice iu that community. He represents some of the very old and promi- nent names in this section of North Carolina. He was born on a farm in Tadkin Township of Stokes County, a son of John Wesley Keiger, who was born on the satie farm December 12, 1849, and a grandson of John Keiger. The grandfather owned 58 HISTORY OF XORTIi CAROLINA and occupied a farm in Yadkin Township and spent his last days there. He married Sally Winfrey. Doctor Keiger 's father grew up on a farm and succeeded to the ownership of the old homestead. He spent his active career as a farmer, and his son had the farm as his early environment and playground. John "Wesley Keiger married Martha Louise Schaub. She was a native of Yadkin County, and she and her husband reared eight chil- dren, named Charles Edwin, Numa Fletcher, James Arthur, Oscar Rodolph, Cyrus Clifton, Georgia Beatrice, Annie Gray and Lelia Blanche. Doctor Keiger 's maternal ancestry deserves some particular mention. His mother's great-grand- father was John Frederick Schaub, a native of Switzerland, where he was born in 1717. On com- ing to America he lived a while in Pennsylvania, but in 1756 came to North Carolina and was a pi- oneer in what is now Forsyth County. He died at Oldtown in 1801. His family consisted of four sons and one daughter. His son John Jacob Schaub, grandfather, of Mrs. John W. Keiger, was born in Forsyth County December 29, 177.5. He refused to allow the Moravian Church to select a wife for him, but married the lady of his own choice, Miss Maria Salome Nissen. They were married by Squire Stuckberger. For this dis- obedience to the church mandate they were dropped from the membership, but subsequently were taken back into the fold. John Jacob Schaub was a tailor by trade. William Samuel Schaub, maternal grandfather of Doctor Keiger, was born near Bethania, in what is now Forsyth County, January 17, 1S05. Though he learned the trade of tailor he followed it only a short time. Buying a farm near Dalton, he was engaged in its cultivation, 'and at the same time operated a saw and grist mill. He was an honored and useful citizen in that community, where he died Novem- ber 5, 1892. William S. Schaub married Eliza Hauser, who was born October 3, 1810, and is supposed to have been a lineal descendant of Martin Hauser, one of the first settlers in what is now Forsyth County. William S. Schaub and wife were reared in the Moravian Church, but in the absence of a convenient church of that denomi- nation they joined the Methodist and were active members of the congregation until they died. He served many years as trustee, steward and class leader. Their oldest son, Winborn Benjamin Schaub, enlisted soon after the commencement of the war in Company F of the Twenty-first Regi- ment, North Carolina Troops, -and was commis- sioned first lieutenant. When the company 's cap- tain resigned he took command, and at the second battle of Manassas, on the 28th of August, 1862, he fell while gallantly leading his company in a charge. Doctor Keiger secured his early education in the district schools and in the Booneville High School. When eighteen years of age he began teaching. His first term was taught at Donnaha and the second in the Hauser or Rocky Spring dis- trict. He left the school room to take up the study of medicine in 1907 in tlie medical depart- ment of the University of North Carolina, where he was graduated in 1909. For further prepara- tion he entered the University College of Medicine at Richmond, where he completed the course and was granted his degree in 1911. Before beginning active practice Doctor Keiger served four months as an interne in the Danville General Hospital. He was successfully engaged in a general practice at King in Stokes County until 1916. After a post graduate course in the Polyclinic Hospital at New York City he resumed practice at Winston-Salem. He is a member in high standing of the Forsyth County and North Carolina State Medical Societies, and also belongs to the American Medical Association. Doctor Keiger was married December 30, 1915, to Sally Maude Fulton. She was born at Walnut Cove, North Carolina, daughter of James Fulton and gi-anddaughter of Jacob Fulton. Her father was for several years a commercial traveler but is now engaged in the mercantile business at Greens- boro. Doctor Keiger is an active member of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church, South, while Mrs. Keiger is a member of the Episcopal Church. He is affiliated with Fairview Council No. 19, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and Lodge No. 5_8 of the Masonic order. Lauren Osborne Gib.son, M. D. A talented physician and surgeon, practicing at StatesvUle, the home of his youth. Doctor Gibson has given to that city one of its most promising institu- tions, the Gibson Sanitarium, of which he is owner and proprietor. Doctor Gibson was born near Statesville in Iredell County in 1883. His grandfather was the late Rufus Gibson, one of the pioneer settlers of Iredell County. Doctor Gibson is a son of William B. and Octie (Gibbs) Gibson, whose home is now in States^'ille. His father was born in Iredell County in 1853, and has been a lifelong farmer. His old home place was at Loray, northwest of Statesville, but for some years he lived below Statesville in ,the Bethany community, where Doctor Gibson was born. Now for several years his home has been in Statesville. He has long been prominently identified with the Farmers' L^nion and other farmers movements. He is chairman of the Executive Committee ■ of the Iredell County Farmers ' Union, is chairman of the Fertilizer Committee of the state organization of the Farmers ' Union, and is vice president and man- ager of the Farmers ' Union Warehouse for Ire- dell County. A special illustration of his promi- nence in this part of the state was his appoint- ment in August, 1917, by Governor Bickett as chairman of the Exemption Board for the Western District of North Carolina, to pass upon exemp- tions under the Selective Draft Act. Doctor Gibson received his early education in the local schools, and graduated from Davidson College with the class of 1910. He then entered the Medical School of the North Carolina Medical College at Charlotte, and received his M. D. degree in 1913. The following year was spent in the Kensington Hospital at Philadelphia, and in 191-1 he returned to Statesville and began practice. Doctor Gibson established the Gibson Sanitarium in November, 1916. It is a hospital well equipped for handling medical and surgical cases of women and for obstetrics. The hospital was opened under the most favorable auspices, and with Doctor Gib- son as director its facilities and serrice have brought it a justified place among the important institutions oif Iredell County. Besides looking after the hospital management Doctor Gibson still attends to his large private practice in States- ville and surrounding territory. TKi: PUBLi ;.RY "ir- r.ENOX ^H ^^^^Ib^ bh ^^wgA^^^^lVj^JS^^^^B ^^Km «^l ^^^1 1 ^^':- '« "^^^M HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA 59 Beverly Gillim Moss began his business career at a very early age and tliough still eomijaratively a young man has had the experience of a veteran in a numlier of important enterprises in and around Washington. Mr. Moss was born in Chesterfield County, Vir- ginia, January 19, 1875, but in 1886 his parents moved to "Washington, North Carolina, where he grew up. He is a son of Beverly Turpin and Mary Elizabeth (MorgaiiJ Moss. His father was for many years a leading lumber manufacturer. Mr. B. G. Moss received his early education under private tuition in Virginia, and after 1886 at- tended the high school at Washington, North Carolina. He had been out of school only a short time when he engaged in business for himself and at the age of twenty established the Moss Planing Mill Company in 1895, and has since been owner of this considerable industry at Wash- ington, including a large and well equipped plant and employing twenty-five skilled operators. In 1904 Mr. Moss organized the Savings & Trust Company at Washington and has since been its president. This company has a capital of .$50,000, surplus of $20,000, while its deposits average $275,000. Many other business affairs claim his ability and time. He is a director of the Beaufort County Iron Works, of the Home Building & Loan Asso- ciation, and is owner of farm lands aggregating about 2,100 acres. He became interested in public affairs almost as soon as in business, and from the age of twenty-two to thirty-one he served as an alder- man of Washington, a period of nine years, and has ever since been active in matters of civic betterment. He is vice president of the Chamber of Commerce, is a Knight Templar Mason and Knight of Pythias, is deacon of the Presbyterian Church and superintendent of its Sunday school. July 14, 1909, Mr. Moss married Emma Alline Carter, daughter of Jesse Carter, a druggist in Aberdeen, North Carolina. Mrs. Moss is descended from Sir Thomas Carter, a historic figure in the early days of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs.. Moss have three children: Beverly Gillim, jr., Jesse Carter and Frank Graham. Ch.\rles D. Ogburn is one of a prominent family that has been identified with Forsyth County since pioneer times. His own career has been chiefly identified with tobacco manufacture, though he also has extensive interests in banking and other affairs of Winston-Salem. He was born in Forsyth County, April 25, 1861. His grandfather, Edward Ogburn, was born in Virginia, came to the State of Nortli Carolina early in the last century, buying a tract of land about seven miles north of the present site of Winston. There he i-nproved a farm and kept his residence there until his death. Charles B. Ogburn, father of Charles D., was born on the old farm about five miles from Winston in Forsyth County and had the training of a. country boy in this section of North Cr.rolina in the first half of the nineteenth century. He was in vigorous young manhood when the United States went to war with Mexico in 1846, and he enlisted in Company G of the First Regiment, North Carolina troops. He was soon appointed first sergeant, went to Mexico with his command, and was with his regiment in all its movements and battles. He was promoted to seeond-lieutenant and at the close of the war returned home. About the close of the Mexican war the news came of the discovery of gold in California. Charles B. Ogburn was one of those who joined the great rush to the Eldorado, and in 1849 traveled across the plains with a large party of men to California. He had considerable expe- rience in the gold fields tliere but in a year or so returned home. Then after an interval of another year or two he went back to California, making the .iourney this time by way of the Isthmus. Again there followed the experience and excite- ment of life in a mining district, and on return-