PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIC TORI A INS TI T U TE ‘ OF TRINIDAD. Fomuhnl . PART 2. 18^7. IVTarcli CONTENTS : Report for 1894 - - - Balance Sheet 1894 ------ Obituary Notices Be avan Xeave Rake, M.D. Hou. Robert Guppy - Guppy on Timber Cutting - - ,, on The Helicinida* - Allen and Chapman on The Mammals of Trinidad Chapman on the Birds of Trinidad Orthoptera of St Vincent and Grenada - Bibliographical Notices ----- Guppy on the Gulf of Paria Guppy on the Crustacea and Echinodennata of the Gulf of Paria - Guppy on the Molluska of the Gulf of Paria - Page. 0 4 68 64 66 69 7*> 78 81 99 102 105 114 116 :7 Printed at the " Mirror" Office, Trinidad, B.W. I v ‘ ■ I i VICTORIA INSTITUTE, TRINIDAD, REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1894. Board of Management of the Victoria Institute have to report that during the past year lectures were given as follows : — ' 1894. Subject. Lecturt. 1 February Music W. S. Doorly 21 February Botany J. II. Hart 5 April Music W. S. Doorly 23 August Zoology R. J. L. Gupjy 15 November Botany J. H. Hart 13 December Zoology R. J. L. Gupjy On no occasion was the attendance at the lectures given by the Institute satisfactory, and on many occasions the lecturers had the trouble of preparing their lectures for no purpose. intihe meetings with a The following are the dates of the scienuiu^ mcpwi^ note of the business done at each meeting. CO 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 1 February — Microscopical Evening. 15 3 14 9 April— On Cutting Timber in Trinidad. . . ,R. J. L. Guppy May— Discussion on Cane Disease. June— On the Helicinidm. ... ...R. J. L. Guppy August — Notice of a Paper on the Mammals of Trinidad by J. A. Allen and F. M. Chapman ; A Notice of a Paper on the Birds of Trinidad by F. M. Chapman; and a Notice of a Paper on the Orthoptera of St. Vincent and G renada ; also Bibliographical references to recent scientific papers relative to Trinidad and the neighbouring islands. 29 November— Physical conditions and Fauna Gulf of Paria... 27 December— Molluska of Gulf of Paria of ...R. J. L. Guppy. . . . R . J. L. Guppy. As fully explained in last Report the Meetings and Lectures are practically free to all who desire to attend them. Persons : ° are r members 0r associates can always find some one who member to give them the required ticket or introduction. The number of Members and Associates on the Books of the Institute at 31st December last was as follows :— Life Member. . . itt j Non-paying Members ... 5 Paying Members who have paid up.. 52 ” „ who have not paid up.. 9 ■Associates ... A Grand Total .. 71 REPORT FOR 1894. 59 It is much to be regretted that the class of Associates has not developed itself more extensively. This is the class for whom the lectures are chiefly intended and for whose benefit technical instruction is proposed to be given in the Institute. It should consist largely of the young men in offices, stores, counting-houses, training-schools and colleges, and engaged in mechanical and industrial pursuits. All the real advantages of the Institute are open to this class, the subscription to which is only Ten Shillings a year. The Institute has lost by death during the }^ear two Members who filled prominent places in the community, namely : Beaven Heave Bake, M.D., &c. The Hon’ble Robert Guppy, M.A. Obituary Notices of these gentlemen are appended to this Repoi t. The number of persons who entered their names in the Visitors’ Book of the Museum during the past year was as follows : — January ... ... 207 February ... ... 78 March ... ... 65 April ... ... 137 May ... ... 874 June ... ... 544 Making a total of 5,672 Visitors others) during the year. July ... 675 August . . . ... 809 September ... 633 October ... ... 471 November ... 605 December ... 521 (besides small children and One of the functions inherited by this Institute from its pre- decessor the Scientific Association is that of placing on record as far as possible all that is known of the fauna and flora of the island and its neighbourhood. As part of the Journal of Pro- ceedings of the Institute for the current year notices of papers on scientific subjects which have been before meetings of the 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Institute will be published. This function is among the most useful of those generally performed by local scientific bodies. Such lists as are appended to these notices serve as indexes to the literature of the subjects and are also convenient as check lists enabling one at a glance to take in the state of our knowledge, and to see as far as that knowledge goes what the composition of the fauna (or whatever branch may be treated of) is, and to compare the species represented or other subjects treated of with those of other places or collections. An application was made during the year to His Excellency the Patron for the grant to the Institute of copies of Govern- ment Publications. His Excellency was good enough to accede to the application and in consequence the Institute has received from the Government Printing Office the following volumes Trinidad Official Gazette... ... 34 Volumes. Council Papers and Minutes ... 22 Yearly Blue Books of the Colony ... 10 » In all ... 66 These form a notable addition to the Library of the Institute and will be exceedingly useful for reference. The Institute has received donations of Books, &c. from various persons and bodies as detailed in the Proceeding O * A beginning has been made in binding the books left to the Institute by the Scientific Association. Correspondence lias been carried on during the year with the Imperial Institute of Great Britain, the Colonies and India with a view to improving our relations with the Institute ; but it cannot be said that any definite course of action has yet been decided on. In April last it was discovered that the Clerk and Assistant Curator, Gibbs, had committed serious frauds by embezzling moneys REPORT FOR 1894 . 61 paid as subscriptions to the Institute. The police were communi- cated with on the subject, but as Gibbs absconded at once on discovery, no further proceedings could be taken. A proposal for an exhibition of Sketches in oils and water colors and in black and white and of Photographs was lately brought before the Board of Management. This was approved and the exhibition was held on the 17th, 18th and 19th January 1895. Although the exhibition was held therefore during the current and not during the past year, yet as it was the outcome of arrangements made during 1894 it may well be noticed in connection with the report for that year. About 250 sketches and paintings were sent in besides photographs of which Mr. Sellier exhibited a fine series. As the Hanging Committee were able with some difficulty to find space for the whole of the exhibits, none were rejected, although a few were of doubtful merit. Most of the articles sent in showed taste or ability in a greater or less degree and a few were decidedly of a high order. It is not intended to go into any detail on this subject, but it may be mentioned that Lady Broome was good enough to lend to the Exhibition a sketch in colours by the late Captain Buckle and several other pictures including two miniatures by Zoffany. The exhibition was primarily and chiefly intended for the works of local artists and these formed the great majority of the exhibits ; but other works were not excluded. His Excel- lency the Governor and Lady Broome visited the exhibition on the afternoon of the first day. It was open on the afternoon of the 17th, 18th and 19th and also on the evening of the last day. It is estimated that about 800 persons visited the exhibition, and the receipts were £14 13 11 of which £10 7 2 was for admissions at the rate of sixpence for each adult and threepence for each child. Members of the Institute were admitted free and every exhibitor also received a free ticket. The expenses were £b 18 5 and the net proceeds amounted to £5 15 6 which sum* is carried to the credit of the funds of the Institute for the year 1895. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF TIIE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. The Governor and Legislative Council have been good enough upon the representation of the Board to grant an increased subsidy to the Institute. A vote of .£250 was taken for the In- stitute for this year. We hope that this vote will enable us to make some progress in carrying out the objects of the Institute. The Accounts and Balance Sheet furnished by the Treasurer show that the receipts of the Institute for the year 1894 amounted to §619.78 and the payments to $534.95. The receipts from subscriptions during the year showed a slight falling off, more than accounted for by the defalcations of the late clerk. Reimburse- ments were considerably less in 1894 than in 1893 owing to the fact that while in 1893 §150 was received from the Chicago Commission for rent, the amount received under the same head in 1894 from the Agricultural Society came to $60 only. Against a decrease of receipts the Board has to set an expenditure de- creased in larger proportion, so that while the balance to credit to the Institute at the beginning of the year was $131.53 at the end of the year it was $216.36 an increase of $84.83. With so small an income as the Institute had during 1894 nothing could be done towards the reduction of the debt due to Government, but the increased grant voted by the Legislative Council alluded to above will put the Board in a position to begin payment of the instalments of the debt, and the Board trusts that the vote will be continued by the Council when the whole debt will be paid off in the course of five or six years. II. J. LECHMERE GUPPY. Victoria Museum, Port-of. Spain, 30th January, 1895. Statement of the Receipts and Expenditure of the Victoria Institute for the Year 1894 . BALANCE SHEET, 1894. 63 CO C/) xi e P bo G CD bo : «- c ^ * fj. to 'em o x3 bop c . <3 ' bo CO 0) Xj O <0 «-■ bo G cfl fl p to s-. £ QJ n. ^ co ^ P c fr, fn bO i cLg I ^ '(O (fl WM-H .5 W t 3 ’C ‘c3 QJ g as > P 3 33 XJ1 p p <3 ^ O ° 00 rf- rt" N N H P co“ 9 bo QJ £ b O O ; QJ g 6 9 CD £& P p J- O Jh q O Jo G > J 3 .P ° P 9 OwpH >< P P p o p p w w CJ w p p w 23 p p o o 23 o Oi OO 1 — \ b- ■50 Co CO Co S3 *3 oq Ph S3 • r<» o *■»<» • tS* O P a a 00 6 w u „ S QJ ^ P fe i <D M ■M G J* &w H CD QJ S P T3 9 g P CO co co X P rf QJ WPOP cJ , cd -*3 2 1o p H M P 0) <D e P o.P np d P w r— I CO CO d d v PUP >-< p p p o w p w s w u w p C/) J-4 CD p CO rt w 23 p p o o 23 w o G p o o o «3 P (ft cd CJ X3 a up P P o p o < p w o <3 W P o w o <3 W P u o gu nd a CP rf P-- 6 o P 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE OBITUARY NOTICE OF BEAYEN NEAVE RAKE. a ^TIE death of Beayen Neavs Rake, M.D., took place at L e Chalet, Maraval, Trinidad, on. 21th August last. He was Vice-President of the Victoria Institute and Government Member of the Board of Management. Beaven Rake was born 28th April, 1833, consequently, he was only in his 37th year when he died. The following notice of liis career is taken from the British Medical Joumcbl : — Beaven Rake’s record has been a brilliant one, both as a student and since his qualification in medicine. Entering at Guy’s Hospital in 1871 he soon made his mark at that school. He took several prizes, one at the Physical Society for his essav on the Localisation of the Functions of the Brain, as well as the Joseph Horace Prize ^ 1877), and the Gurney Horace Prize (1879). He early matriculated at the University of London, and passed the Preliminary Scientific in the first division and with honours in 1876. In the following year he passed the first M.B.. also with honours, and subsequently took the M.B. degree with first class honours in medicine and honours in obstetric and forensic medicine. In 18S2 he became M.D. Lond., with marks qualifying for the gold medal. He took the M.R.C.S. in 1879, and L.R.C.P. in 1880. He held several appointments at Guj^’s, house surgeon in 1882, house-physician in 1883, and also for seme time the post of resident obstetrical assistant. After leaving the hospital he spent a considerable time abroad studying the special departments in Vienna, Berlin, and Paris. On his return to London he was appointed medical and OBITUARY NOTICES. 65 surgical registrar at the Victoria Hospital for Children, and in 1887 accepted a nomination for a colonial surgeoncy in Trinidad. He was at once placed in charge of the Leper Hospital at Coco- rite, and entered upon his duties and on the scientific study of the subject of leprosy with that industry, energy, and ability which had characterised all his previous work. His first com- munication on the subject was to the Pathological Society of London in 1885 on Tuberculous Leprosy of the Tongue and Larynx. During the following year he made seven communi- cations to that Society, and since then many instructive specimens and valuable observations on the bacilli, inoculation experiments, etc., have been recorded by him in the Pathological Transactions. It would take up too much space here to enumerate all the papers which he contributed to the various congresses, societies, and journals in this and other countries. Suffice it to say that in every one of them there is something original and thoughtful, and, like his able A nnual Reports of the Leper Hospital , they are all full of careful work. We may say that several of his most important communications were presented at the annual meet- ings of the British Medical Association, and have been published in the British Medical Journal. When, in 1890, the Committee of the National Leprosy Fund determined to send three commissioners to investigate the question of leprosy in India, the Royal College of Physicians was requested to nominate one of the Commissioners. At the suggestion of the writer of this article the late Sir Andrew Clark offered by telegram the post to Beaven Rake, who, with the permission of the Colonial authorities, promptly accepted the position. It is not too much to say that Dr. Rake was the strongest and most experienced member of that Commission, and that his name has added much to the weight and value of its report. 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. OBITUARY 'NOTICE OE THE HON. ROBERT GUPPY. |P|HE Hon. Robert Guppy, M.A., Member of the Legislative Council > di ed at his residence, Piedmont, San Fernando on the 12th November, 1894. Mr. Robert Guppy was the third son of Samuel Guppy Esquire, of the City of Bristol, and of Arno’s Court, Somerset, shire, England. Mr. Guppy was born in Bristol on 22nd January, 1808. e was educated at private schools in Leicester and London, and also, for six months, in the College of Henry IV in Paris. ^Ie then entered at Pembroke College, Oxford, where he kent^r f ’ m 1829 ’ and M ' A " in 1830 ’ and havi »S duly kept the erms at the Middle Temple was called to the Bar n °' ember ’ 1831 ’ and wen * the Oxford Circuit, and at intervals travelled much in France, Switzerland and Italy. P,rJln 8 E,’, n t oTk”" T Mr. Guppy practised at the Bar in Bno-lnr, i a after his marriage. Then at the request of ®° me time Esquire, (a connection by marriac e l L PWlp Prothcr °°> ~ :z ~ - connected with the sugar interest. * tlm6 OBITUARY NOTICES. 67 Mr. GujDpy enjoyed the friendship rand esteem of Sir Henry McLeod by whom he was appointed a Justice of the Peace and Road Commissioner in the year 1840 ; and in the year 1844 he was sent by him under the instructions of the Colonial Minister on a mission to Sierra Leone in the barque Senator (then employed in bringing African Immigrants to Trinidad) to inquire into the prospects of obtaining a sufficient supply of labourers from that settlement. And his report and advice had a great share in promoting the introduction of coolies from India : the first importation of whom took place by the ship Fatel Rosak in 1846 under the administration of Sir Henry McLeod. Upon his return from Africa Mr. Guppy was appointed by Sir Henry McLeod as acting Stipen- diary Justice for the Naparimas and Savana Grande, to which the Couva district was added upon the death of Mr. David. The duties of that immense district, throughout which there was not then a load of gravel upon any road and no bridge over any river except the Couva river, were performed with- out a single day’s absence and to the complete satisfaction of the authorities. This acting appointment continued for fifteen months, at the expiration of which Mr. GupjDy was appointed first Town Clerk of San Fernando under the Ordinance just then passed under the auspices of Sir Henry McLeod for constituting a Municipal Corporation in that town. Soon after the arrival of Sir Charles Elliott and, upon the remodelling of the Territorial Ordinance (first enacted under Lord Harris), Mr. Guppy was appointed Warden of North Naparima Ward Union. And having had ample experience of the necessity of better means of communication (whilst the attempts made in Lord Harris’s time to obtain a general System of Railways had utterly broken down) with the cordial assistance of Mr. William Eccles, Mr. Richard Darling, Dr. Philip and other eminent local proprietors of that 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. day, he promoted and succeeded in carrying out the Cipero Tramroad (a railway under another name) by. means of which Princestown has become the most prosperous internal town in the island. Mr. Guppy was Secretary and General Super- intendent and Manager of this concern until its completion in 1867. In 1862 Mr. Guppy had resigned his post as Warden and on the completion of his engagement with the Com- missioners of the Cipero Tramroad he resumed his practise as a Barrister. Practically, the first introduction of Railways into Trinidad was due to Mr. Guppy. No less was this the case with the electric telegraph, the first introduction of which into the island was by his hands in 1868. Mr. Guppy’s proposal to connect the towns of San Fernando and Port-of-Spain by telegraph was greeted by our Legislators in much the same manner as George Stephenson’s proposal to run trains drawn by steam engines was in the House of Commons. We need not add that it is many years since the proposed connecticn became an accomplished fact. Mr. Guppy was for many years Mayor of San Fernando. He took an active part in all measures for the well being of the Colony and he devoted a large portion of his life to the service of his fellow townsmen and his fellow countrymen. The above notice compiled by a member of Mr. Guppy’s family has appeared in most of the local papers. Proceedings of the Victoria Institute. Thursday, 15th April, 1894. Sylvester Devenish , M.A., Vice-President , in the Chair. A paper on. Cutting Timber in Trinidad by R. J. Lechmere Guppy, was read. The following is an abstract thereof. ON CUTTING TIMBER IN TRINIDAD. By R. J. Lechmere Guppy. ( Abstract.) The author first called attention to the different characters of Forest and Timber Trees in different countries and climates. Through a great part of Australia the woods were open while the timber was hardwood and involved somewhat different treatment to the timber of other temperate climates. In New Zealand the timber was very fine and belonged chiefly to the Coniferous division of Plants. Here immense forests had been destroyed by fire leaving only in places islands as it were of the grand trees known as kahikatea and other gregarious pines. The totara, a wood much like cedar, was not quite so gregarious. The author gave some particulars as to the modes in use of cutting down and cutting up these trees. He referred to the use of the axe, the saw, (cross-cut and pit) to the setting out of the lengths of logs, the procedure for getting the logs on to the pit, the breaking-down and hitching of the log when on the pit, etc., etc. He then contrasted these methods with those in use so far as his own observations 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. went in Trinidad. He referred to the destruction of timber, particularly balata, on our northern hills, and suggested for consideration whether something in the way of portable saw- mills driven by water-power might not be used for working up the balata and other woods. He then referred to the mode of dealing with the West Indian cedar and quoted the following note published by him some years ago in the Trinidad Register and Almanack. The mode of cutting timber in Trinidad is generally a wasteful one, especially as regards the valuable wood called cedar ( Cedrela odorcota). The rudeness of the structure which usually serves for a sawpit is hardly perhaps to be avoided, as it is seldom that more than a single tree can be had within a radius permitting the use of one pit. Little skill is shewn in the setting out of the lengths of the logs, and severing with the axe instead of cross-cutting with the saw is often employed. After this is done comes a greater waste. Instead of getting the log on to the pit, and there breaking-down or ditching it, as might be ascertained to be best, it is roughly squared with the axe before being put on the pit, whereby something like half the wood is with great labour reduced to chips only fit for fuel. A discussion followed the reading of the paper in which the Chairman and others took part and in the course of which different opinions were expressed on the subject of the paper. DONATIONS AND CANE DISEASE. 71 Thursday, 3rd May, 1894. His Hon. Sir John Goldney , President , in the Chair , The following Donations were exhibited ; — A specimen of Anodon Leotaudi presented by C. "VV. Meaden, Esq., A pouched Rat ( Ileteromys anomalus) in spirit — presented by J. H. Hart, Esq., F.L.S. Specimens of Cacao of Nicaragua. Theobroma bicolor „ Manufactured at the Botanic Gardens — Presented by J. II. Hart, Esq., F.L.S. Mangrove Cutch Bermuda Specimen of Sand from the Island of Ascension formed of rounded fragments of shell — Presented by Mrs. H. D. Huggins. Specimen of Gordius (dry)— Presented by Lechmere Guppy, Esq, 3 nr. Indian Pestle — Presented by P. Darcueil, Esq. The subject of Cane Disease was discussed by the members with special reference to the description of Trichosyhczria sacchari by Mr. Massde. The opinion was generally expressed that the most effective means of keeping in check this and other pests would be found in burning all cane refuse from affected fields. On the subject of Cane Disease reference may be made to a paper by Ernest Francis, in Proc. Scient. Assoc. Trinidad, 1879, page 183. 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Thursday, 14tii June, 1894. Ilis Honour Sir John Goldney , President , in the Chair . The following Donations were announced : — Twelve Volumes of Guide Books to the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). The Trustees . Massee on Trichosphreria Sacchari — The Colonial Secretary. Boletin del Instituto geografico Argentino, tom XIV., cuad. 9 — 12. The Institute. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society — Proceedings, 8 parts The Society. Botanic Gardens — Reports 1887 — 93; and Bulletin, 12 parts. J. H. Hart. F.L.S. The following paper was read : ON A LANDSHELL OF THE GENUS HELICIN A FROM GRENADA AND ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE I1ELICINIDH3. By. R. .J. Lechmere Guppy. By the kind intervention of Mr. F. W. Urich I have re- ce'neJ fiom G. W. Smith of Grenada, specimens of a Ilelicina found m that Island and named II. Keatei by that great authority on landshells the late Louis Pfeiffer of Cassel. Though acquainted v, ith the shell, I had not previously possessed a specimen nor is the.e one in the collection of the discoverer the late Governor ICeato, aftoi whom it is named. This shell belongs to a small group which may bo typified by II. caracolla of Brazil but its nearest relation is II. occidental™ of St. Vincent. The HeliciniD/'e to which our shell belongs is a family of operculate landshells consisting of the genus Helicina (taken in a } wide sense) and of the two allied genera Preserpina and Viewed in this way the family is an exceedingly natural GUPPY ON HELICINA 73 and well defined group without near allies. Among land shells its nearest relations would be among the Cyclostomidce. Among marine molluska affinities are indicated both as to shell characters and dentition with Neritina and through that genus probably with Trochus , Ilciliotis and Fissurella. It would, I think, be a great convenience for zoological study and classification if every family or genus or other group of ani- mals were treated somewhat in the way that the family Helicidre is dealt with in the second edition of Albers’ work “ Die Heliceen.” Unfortunately some writers or naturalists seem determined to spoil every attempt to deal philosophically with classification and nomenclature. Albers’ work is doubtless full of errors and will bear much amendment. But the principle on which it is based, that of giving as wide an extension as nature may admit to generic names and dividing each genus into sections, is a most useful one. The names given to these sections are not intended to be generic names nor ought they to come strictly under the laws applicable to generic names. But some authors have un- fortunately quite misunderstood this point and have adopted Albers’ names as names of genera, whereon an immense amount of ink and labor has been wasted in applying to such names the rules of priority, &c. I exhibit to you a small but valuable collection of Heli- cinidrn which I have attempted to arrange in the manner indicated and I append a list of the species, showing the proposed genera, subgenera and sections into which the species may be grouped. Trinidad possesses four species of the genus Helicina all very distinct from one another and belonging each to a different section of the genus. Genus HELICTNA Lamarck Subgenus Lucid ella Gray Helicina aureola Fer. Jamaica Subgenus Stoastoma Adams Helicina yisurn Adams J amaica 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Subgenus Trochatella Swainson Helicina tankervillei Gray Jamaica pulchella Gray „ josephince Adams „ sloanei Orb. Cuba petitiana Orb. ,, candeana Orb. V enezuela (Fitzia) Helicina regina Morelet Cuba Subgenus Schasicheila Sliuttleworth Helicina pannucea Morelet Guatemala alata Menke Mexico bahamensis PfeifF. Bahamas Subgenus Helicina s.s. (Perenna) Helicina lirata PfeifF. lineata Adams semistriata Sow. lamellosa Guppy Mexico Jamaica Panama Venezuela, Trinidad (Poenia) Helicina plicatula PfeifF. rugosa Pf. ignicoma Guppy conoidea Pf. paivana Pf. Dominica, S. Lucia &c. Cuba Trinidad Barbados Haiti (Urichia) Helicina adarnsiana PfeifF. Jamaica coroyiula Shuttl. (Ampullina) Helicina moquiniana Pf. Fiji amcena Pf. Guatemala concentrica Pf. Venezuela GUPPY ON HELICINA. 75 (Diaphana) Helicina subfusca Menke S. Thomas, W.I. (Krebsia) Helicina costata Gray calicla Weinland litoricola Gundl. bryanti Pf. pfeifferiana Arango J amaica Bahamas Cuba Bahamas Cuba (Schrammia) Helicina conuloides Guppy ( schrammi Crosse,) Dominica, Guadelupe (Pachystoma). Helicina rostrata Morelet Guatemala bellula Gundl. Cuba rotunda Qrb. rhodo stoma Gray caracolla Moricand occidentalis Guild keatei Pfeiff. oweniana Pf. zephirina Duclos nemoralis Guppy columbiana Phil. neritella Lam. Dominica Brazil St. Yincent Grenada Guatemala Mexico, Centr. America Trinidad Venezuela J amaica jamaicensis Sow ampliata Adams (Oligyra). Helicina fasciata Lam. Guadelupe, &c. guadelupensis Sow. Martinique, &c. antillarum Sow. ( mazei Crosse) Martinique moussoniana Pf. Bahamas reeveana Pf. Cuba rawsoni Pf. Bahamas foveata Pf. St. Thomas epistilia Guppy St. Lucia, Dominica PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Ilelicina velutina Guppy Dominica var. gnppyi Pease (humilis Guppy) Dominica barbata GupjDy Trinidad sub striata Gray Barbados occulta Bay Virginia convcxa Pf. Bermuda pthasianella Sow. Haiti sericea Drouet Venezuela orbiculata Say N. America platychila Muhl. Martinique subglobulosa Poey Florida striatula Sow. Martinique] dubiosa AA&vns f Alcadia) Jamaica megastoma Adams „ „ (Idesa). Ilelicina primeana Gass. New Caledonia litoralis Montr. „ borneensis Pf. (Emoda) Ilelicina poiphyrostoma Gass. splieroidea Pf. Subgenus Alcadia Borneo New Caledonia Loyalty I. (Isoltia) Ilelicina nuda Arango Cuba (Viana) Ilelicina sagraiana Orb. Cuba var. ochracea Poey * „ (Alcadia s.s.) Ilelicina brownei Gray Jamaica hollandi Adams „ palliata Adams var. citrinolabris Adams „ var. consanguinea Adams „ major Gray microstoma Adams GUPPY ON HELICINA. Genus PROSERPINA Gray Proserpina depressa Orb. Cuba linguifera Jonas Jamaica var. pidchra Adams ,, nitida Gray „ Genus CERES Gray ( Ceres eolina Duclos) 77 / 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Thursday, 9tii August, 1894. S. Devenish, M.A., Vice-President, in the Chair . The Secretary read a notice of a paper on the Mammals of Trinidad by J. A. Allen and F. M. Chapman; a notice of a paper on the Birds of Trinidad ; and a notice of a paper on the Orthoptera of S. Vincent and Grenada by C. B. ron Wattenwyl. THE MAMMALS OF TRINIDAD. The Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. V. (1893) pp. 203-234, contains a paper by J. A. Allen and Frank M. Chapman on a collection of Mammals of Trinidad. To tins paper is appended a complete list of the land mammals recoi ed foi Trinidad and this list is now reproduced for con- venience of reference. The species added by Messrs. Allen and Chapman are distinguished by an asterisk. Cebidce . Mycetes (seniculus Linn.) Red Howler Cebus sp. Sapajou, Capuchin Monkey Vesper tilionidce. Vespertilio nigricans Wied. Thyroptera tricolor Spix Emballoneuridce % Furipterus horreus Cuv. Saccopteryx bilineata Temm. leptura Schreber canina Wied. Bhynchonycteris naso Wied. Noctilio leporinus Linn. Fish-eating Bat. Molossus rafus Geofir. obscurus Geoffr Phyllostomatidce. Ghilonycteris rubiginosa Wagn. Pteronotus davyi Gray Mormops megallophylla Peters Lonchorina aurita Tomes Micronycteris megalotis Gray ALLEN (fe CHAPMAN MAMMALS OF TRINIDAD. 79 Phyllostoma hastatum Pall. Hemiderma brevicaudum Wied. Glossophaga soricina Pall. Anoura geoffroyi Gary Choeronycteris intermedia All. & Chapin. Artibeus perspicillatus Linn, planirostris Spix hartii Thomas quadrivittatus Peters Yampyrops caraccioli Thomas Chiroderma villosum Peters Sturnira lilium Geofh*. Desmodus rufus Wied. Bloodsucking Bat. Felidae. Felis sp. Ocelot — Tiger Cat. Mustelidce. Galictis barbara Linn. Wood-dog Lutra insularis Guv. Otter Procyonidrti. Procyon cancrivorus Cuv. Mangrove-dog Cercoleptes caudivolvus Pall. ICinkajon Sciuridce Sciurus sestuans Peters Squirrel Mu ridas Holocliilus squamipes Brants * FTectomys palmipes All. & Chapm. * Tylomys couesii All. & Chapm. * Orizomys speciosus All. & Chapm. * trinitatis All. & Chapm. * velutinus All. & Chapm. * brevicattdus All. & Chapm. * Abrothrix caligiuosus Tomes * Mus rattus Linn. Black Rat * alexandrinus Geoffr. Roof Rat * musculus Linn, House Mouse 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Heteromyidce Heteromys anomalus Thompson. Pouched Rat Octodontidce Loncheres guianse Thomas. Spiny Rat castaneus All. & Chapm. Aguti Rat * Echimys trinitatis All. & Chapm. Pilori Hystricidoe Synetheres prehensilis Linn. Tree Porcupine Dasyproctidat D a syprocta aguti Linn. Aguti Ccelogenys paca Linn. Lap. Cervidce Cariacus nemorivagus Cuv. Deer Biche Dicotylidce Dicotyles tajacu Linn. Collared Peccary. Quenk labiatus Cuv. Whitelipped Peccary. Quenk Bradypodidce Cholsepus didactylus Linn. Two-toed Sloth Myrmecophagidce Myrmeoophaga jubata Linn. Great Anteater Tamandua tetradactyla Linn. Tamandua Cyclothurus didactylus Linn. Little Anteater— Poor-me- one DasypodidoB Tatusia novemcincta Linn. Armadillo— Tatu Didelphidce Didelphis marsupialis Linn. Manicou philander Linn. Manicou gros-yeux « murina Linn. Manicou gros-yeux inougn not recorded hitherto in mouse and the black rat have beea well W P °“ i0ations the ho ever since its settlement by Europeans ' wn habitants of the isl: In 1886 and asrain in received at the “ Gardens of ^“zTi ° f - red ; belli ed Squirrel w: 1 rinidad. This species was determinn i° ° gl c ? al Socie *y of London fr was determined as Sciurus variegates . CHAPMAN — BIRDS OP TRINIDAD. 81 THE BIRDS OF TRINIDAD. Mr. Frank M. Chapman has published in the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. VI. (1894) pp. 1-86, an article on the Birds of Trinidad. This is an interesting and valuable contribution to the ornithological branch of our local natural history. To render more accessible the results of Mr. Chapmans work so far as regards the nomenclature of the specimens in the Leotaud Collection m our museum I append the list given by him and the numbers attached to the specimens. Captain Kelsall who was in Trinidad in 1868 had a list of the Birds printed and in this list the Species named in Leotaud’s book but not represented in his collection were indicated. This list included also the name ° of the Scarlet Tanager not mentioned in Leotaud ? s book and on the occurrence of which in Trinidad a note was communicated to the Scientific Associa- tion by Captain Kelsall (see Proc. Scient. Assoc. Trinidad, 1868 p. 208). As the list prepared by Capt. Kelsall is out of print that which follows may be useful. It includes not only the French vernacular names given by Leotaud, but the English ones given by Mr. Chapman. The present list will not only serve as a check-list of the Birds of Trinidad but as an index to the collection in the Victoria Institute. Notwithstanding the alterations and corrections made by Mr. Chapman the paper of the latter is in itself testimony to the very excellent work of Leotaud. * I observe that Mr, Chapman regards Piranga (Tcinagra) aestiva as synonymous wUh P, rubra Linn- Kelsall gives it as a different specwS, citing P. erythropis Vieill, as a synonym. 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. The number of Bird Forms worked out an 1 identified by Leotaud was 297, raised to 298 by Kelsall. Mr. Chapman gives 303 names, besides three of Leotaud’s not identified by him, making 303 in all. Mr. Chapman recD-Ii 12 species not mentioned by Leotaud. In four cases he fuses under one name two forms given separately by Leotaud. ft. J. L. G. List of the Birds. In the following list the species marked with an asterisk * a - represented in the Leotaud collection. Merula flavipes Vieill. Yellow-footed Thrush. Grive a pattes jaunes. ... (Turdus flavipes Leotaud.) phasopygua Gab. Whitefchroated Thrush. Grive acravatte (Turdus phseopigus Leotaud) xanthoscelus Jard. Blackbird. Grive noire (Turdus xanthoscelus Leot.) Merula funhgata Licht. Cacao Thrush. Grive dos Cacaos (Turdus casius Leot.) ■ gymnopthalma Cab. Barecheeked Thrush. Grive a paupieres jaunes (Turdus nudigenus Leot.) Troglodytes ruf ulus Cab. Godbird. Rossignol ... (Troglodytes tobagensis Lawr.j Thryothorus rutilus Vieill. Bush Wren. Rossignol dos Halliers (Troglodytes rutilus Leotaud.) ProtonotariacitreaBodd. Prothonotary Warbler. Fauvette a tete jaune (Mniotilta citrea Leotaud.) Compsotldypis pitiayun.i Vieill. Golden Sucrier. Sucrier (Mniotilta venusta Leotaud ) Dendroica testiva Gmel. Canary. Figuier (Mniotilta petechia Leotaud.) 104 103 1C5 107 103 88 89 92 94 91 CHAPMAN BIRDS OF TRINIDAD. 83 Seiurus noveboracensis Gmel. AVater Thrush. Ratte-queue 90 (Enicociohla noveboracensis Leotaud.) Geothlypis sequinoctialis Gmel. Manicou (Trichas velatus Leotaud.) Setophaga ruticilla Linn. Redstart. Officier ... ... Rasileuterus vermivorus Vieill. Eauvette des Halliers (Trichas bivittatus Leotaud.) Ccereba luteola Cab. Sucrier (Certhiola flaveola Leotaud.) Arbelorhina crerulea Linn. Green-legged Grampo. Giim- pereau 4 pattes soufre (Coereba cserulea Leotaud.) Arbelorhina cyanea Linn. Red-legged Grampo. Grimpereau a pattes roses ... (Ccereba cyanea Leotaud.) Chlorophanes spiza Linn. Blackheaded green Honey sucker Vert vert a tete noire ... (Dacnis spiza Leotaud.) Dacnis cayana Linn. Verdigree. — plumbea Lath. Sucrier des Mangles (Mniotilta bicolor Leotaud.) Cyclorhis ilavipectus Sclater. Piegrieche Vireo chiviagilis Liclit. Petit Sifheur a tete giise (V. olivaceus Leotaud). calidris Linn. Grand Siffleur k tete grise ... (' V . altiloquus Leotaud.) Hylophilus aurantiifrons Lawr. Petit Gobemouche (H. insularis Leotaud). Progne chalybea Gmel. Martin. Hirondelle noire (Progne purpurea Leotaud) Atticora cyanoleuca Vieill. Swallow. Hirondelle a ventre blanc (Hirundo cyanoleuca Leotaud) Tachycineta albiventris Bodd. Swallow. Hirondelle a dos vert. ... (Hirundo albiventer Leotaud.) Vert de gris .. 95 133 96 61 58 57 59 60 93 141 134 134 97 45 43 44 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 42 46 Chelidon erjthrogaster Bodd. Bam Swallow. Hirondelle a ventre roux ... (Hirundo rufa Leotaud.) Stelgidopteryx uropygialis Lawr. Swallow. Hirondelle a ventre jaune . .* (Cotyle uropygialis Leotaud.) Procnias viridis 111. Blue Mantle. Cottinga bleue (^Tersa ventralis Leotaud.) Euphonia violacea Linn. Louis d’or Simple trimtatis Strickl. Cravat. Louis d’or a cravatte (Euphonia chlorotica Leotaud.) nigricollis Yieill. Louis d’or 4 tSte bleue (E. aureata Leotaud.) Oalliste desmaresti Gray. Worthless. Yerfcvert a tete caco. vieilloti Scl. Variegated Tanager. Diable enrhume ... guttata Cab. Tiger Tanager. Arrivant Tanagra cana Tayl. Bluebird. Oiseau bleu (T. glauca Leotaud.) palmarum Ridgw. Palmist (T. olivascens Leotaud.) — subcinereaScl. Blueheaded Tanager. Grosbec a tete bleue 160 Ramphocelus jacapa Lafr. Silverbeak. Bee d’argent ... 155 iranga rubra Linn. Summer Tanager. Cottinga rose 1 ?155 (Pyranga aestiva Leotaud) ° ’ ^ — I»j»u a Rufous Tanager. 157 (ryranga hepatica Leotaud.) Phamicothraupis rubra Yieill. Cardinal m (Tachyphonus ruber Leotaud.) Lanio laurencei Selater Tachyphonus hustuosus Lafr. Little P.»». ni 163 (lachyphonus albispecularis Leotaud ) rufusBodd. Parson. P^renoir... (T. beauperthuyi Leot.) Chlorospingus leotaudi Chapman Saltator albicollis Yieill. Gros-bec tachete (S. striatipectus Leot.) 138 167 168 169 164 165 166 158 159 162 154 CHAPMAN — BIRDS OF TRINIDAD 85 Saltator olivascens Cab. Gros-bec ... ... ... 153 (S. icterophrys Leotaud.) Spinus cucullata Swains. Colorado ... ... ... * Spiza americana Gmel. Dickcissell. Moineau ... ... 171 (Euspiza americana Leot.) Volatinia jacarini Eon. Black Finch. Petit gigizebe noir ... 170 (Tiaris jacarini Leot.) Sporophila grisea Gmel. Grassbird. Cigizebe gris ... 172 (Spermophiia cinereola Leot.) lineola Sharpe. Grassbird. Cigizebe a cravatte noire... 173 (Spermophiia bouvronoides Leot.) gutturalis Licht. Grassbird. Cigizebe k ventre janne.... 175 minuta Linn. Grassbird. Cigizebe a ventre roux ... 176 Oryzoborus torridus Scop. Cigiz&be a dos noir ... 152 (Pitylus torridus Leot). crassirostris Gmel. Grassbird. Gros ciciz&be noir ... 172 (Spermopholia crassirostris Leotaud). Ostinops decumanus Pall. Casique. Cagique huppe ... 146 (Cacicus cristatus Leot). Casicus persicus Linn. Cornbird. Merle a croupion jaune ... 147 Icterus xanthornis Gmel. Carouge ... ... ... 148 Molothrus atronitens Cab. Little Black Stare. Petit Merle Noir 149 (M. bonariensis Leot.) Agelaius icterocephalus Linn. Yellowheaded Carouge. Merle a tete jaune ... ••• ••• ••• 151 (Chrysonus icterocephalus Leot.) Liestes guianensis Linn. Soldier bird. Rouge-gorge 150 (Leistes americanus Leot.) Quiscalus lugubris Swains. Trinidad Boattail. Merle a queue en bateau ... • • • • ■ • ... 1 44 (Q. barita Leot.) Cassidix oryzovora Gmel. Black Cornbird. Tairico ... 145 (Soapidurus ater Leot.) Fluvicola pica Bodd. Widow. Veuve... ... ... 108 Arundinicola leucocephala Linn. Whiteheaded Widow. Veuve a tete blanche ».. ... 109 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Platyrhynchus mystaceus Allen. Broadbill. Gobemouche a becplat (PI. cancromus Leot.) Mionectes olivaceus Lawr. Gobemouche vert (Elania striaticollis Leot.) oleaginus Licht. Gobemouche roussatre (Elania oleaginea Leot.) Myiopatis semifusca Scl. Ornithion pusillum Cab. Petit Tillon ... (Myiopatis pusilla Leot.) Elainia gaimardi Orb. Petit Tillon 4 huppe blanche (E. fallax Leot.) pagana Licht. White-tufted Petchary. Tillon (Myiobius martinicus Leot.) Legatus albicollis Vieill. Blackbanded Petchary. Gobemouche a bandeau (Myiobius leucophaius Leot.) Sublegatus glaber Scl. Myziozetetes sulphureus Spix Rhynchocyclus flaviventris Wied. Broadbill. Gobe- mouche a dos vert (Platirhynchus f. Leot.) sulphurescens Spix. Broadbill. Tillon a large bee. (1 latirhynchus sequinoctialis Leot ) itangus sulphuratus Linn. Qu’est quildit a bee etroit (oaurophagus Sulphuratus Leot.) Myriodynastes audax Gmel. Pipiri (Myiobius audax Leot.) Megarhyncbus pitangu. Li... ' «u^„ adil 4 beo (M. chrysogaster Leot.) 8 Myiobius ..via. Bodd. YeUowcrested P, teh .rv Gobemouche 4 huppe jaune ' T (M. crysoceps Leot.) Empidochanes cabinisi Leot. Leotaud’s Petchary (Lmpidonax c, Leot.) y 130 127 125 124 126 118 120 132 131 111 115 110 117 123 CHAPMAN BIRDS OF TRINIDAD. 87 Empidonax lawrencei Allen. Greenish-bellied Petchary. Gobemouche a poitrine verdatre ... ... ...121 (Myiobius flaviventris Leot.) Contopus brachy tarsus Scl. BlufF-bellied Petchary. Gobemouche a ventre jaunatre ... ... ... 119 (Myiobius virens Leot.) Myiarchus tuberculifer Orb. Foolish Petchary. Gobe- mouche brun ... ... ... ... ... 116 (Myiobius stolidus Leot.) tyrannulus Muller. Black-billed Petchary. Oiseau fou 122 (Myiobius nigriceps Leot.) Tyrannus melancholicus Licht. Qu’estcequildit a tete grise... 112 (T. verticalis Sl T. vociferans Leot.) rostratus Sol. Qu’estcequildit a ventre blanc ... 113 (T. magnirostris Leot.) Milvulus tyrannus Linn. Swallowtailed Flycatcher. Longue-queue ... ... ... ... 114 Pipra auro-capiila Licht. Manakin a tete d’or ... ... 137 (P. erythrocepliala Leot.) Manacus manacus Linn. Washerwoman. Casse-noisette ... 136 (Pipra gutturalis Leot.) Tityra cayana Linn. Blackcap. Benedictin ... ... 128 Pachyramphus albogriseus Scl. Hardbeak ... ... * niger Spix. Black Hardbeak. Becdu ... ... 129 Chasmorhynchus variegatus Gmel. Bellbird. Cong. Capucin Campanero ... ... ... ... ... 139 (Procnias variegata & nivea Leot.) Sclerurus albigularis Swains ... ... ... ... # Synallaxis cinnamonmea Gmel. Guiouti des joncs ... 80 (S. ruficauda Leot.) albescens Temm. Guiouti ... ... ... 79 (S. ruficapilla Leot.) terrestris Jard. Guiouti a gorge ginga ... ... 78 (S. cinerascens Leot.) Xenops rutilus Licht, « Petit Grimpeur ... ... 81 Dendrocinchla meruloides Lafr. Little Cacao-insect pecker Petit Mangeur de Cacao.,. ... ... ... 86 (Dendrocops meruloides Leot.) 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. bee Dench ocolaptes altirostris Leot. Charpentier courbe Dendrornis sussnrans J ard. Cacao-insect pecker. Mangeur de Cacao ... ® (Nasica sussnrans Leot.) Den Mano-fe,^ 10118 Man S rove pecker. Charpentier des (Dendrocolaptes picus Leot.) Picolaptes albolineatus Lafr. Charpentier ray^ (P. lineaticeps Leot.) Thamnophilus major Vieill. Coucou (T. Stagurus Leot.) doliatus Linn. Pintade cirrhatus Gmel. Charbonnier Dysithamnus mentalis Salv. Myrmotherula axillaris Vieill. Petit Charbonnier' " (Pormicarius a. Leotaud.) Formicivora intermedia Cab.... Myrmeciza longipes Swains. Petit Fourmilier (Formicarius 1. Leot.) Ramphoecenus melanurus Vieill. Echelette Heterocnemis mevia Gmel. Becassine 4 riviere (Formicarius lineatus Leot.) Formicarius analis Orb. Coqbois (F. hoffmanni Leot ) (Polytmus h. Leot.) Pygmornis longue mareus Less. Hatchet * Phsethornia guyi Less. Bria-bta™ ' “ "“ 1U '' Uo " Bampornia violicauda Bodd. Mangel™^,, (Polytmus mango Leot.) 011 - gramineus Gmel. Roscal. Haussecol w (L. dominions Leot.) ' , Woscal - Florisuga mellivora Linn. Jacobine (Topaza m. Leot. ) 4 ' * P Huppe coP , B ° dd ' Whiskera ndo. Coquette. 85 83 84 82 143 142 102 * 101 99 87 100 98 70 62 63 64 65 72 76 CHAPMAN BIRDS OF TRINIDAD. S9 (Mellisuga o. Leot.) Calliphlox amethystina Gmel. Amethyst (Calathorax enicurus Leot.) Chrysolam pis mosquitus Linn. Ruby-topaz. Rubis-topaze... (Mellisuga moschita Leot.) Petasophora delphime Less. Blue-eared Hummer. Colibri a oreilles (Polytmus d. Loot.) Floricola longirostris Vieill. Carmine. Gorge carmin (Mellisuga 1. Leot.) Agyrtria ehionopectus Gould. Whitebreast. Colibri a gorge blanche ... (Polytmus ch. Leot.) Polytmus thaumatias Linn. Pearl. Vert-perH ... (P. viridis Leot.) Amazilia erythronota Less. Emerald. Raimonpe (Polytmus e. Leot.) Eucephala cserulea Vieill. Saphir (Hylocharis c. Leot.) Chlorostilbon atala Less. Panyptila cayanensis Gmel, Swallow. Hirondelle a gorge blanc (Gypselus cayanensis Leot.) Chsetura cinereiventris Ridg. Rainbat. Petit Hirondelle a croupion gris ... (Acantliylis oxura Leot.) spinicauda Temm. Rainbat. Hirondelle a croupion gris (Acanthylis poliourus Leot.) polioura Temm. Rainbat. Hirondelle a croupion gris Hemiprocne zonaris Shaw. Ringed Growrie. Hirondelle a collier blanc ... (Acanthylis collaris Leot.) Cypeloides rutilus Vieill. Swallow. Hirondelle a collier roux (Hirundo r. Leot.) Chordeiles acutipennis Bodd. Nighthawk. Engoulevent k queue fourchue (Ch. minor Leot.) 73 74 66 75 71 67 68 77 0 37 39 40 0 38 41 35 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 36 31 Nyctibius jamaicensis Gmel. Potu. Gros Engoulevent ... 32 Lurocalis semitorquatus Gmel. Engoulevent a taches rousses 34 (L. Goulclii Leot.) Podager nacunda Vieill. Nacunda. Engoulevent a collier blanc ... (P. nacauda Leot.) Nyctidromus albicollis Gmel. Engoulevent des chemins ... 33 (Caprimulgus albicollis Leot.) Steatornis caripensis Hurab. Guacharo. Diablotin Chloronerpes rubiginosus Swains. Blueheaded Woodpecker Charpentier a t&te bleue .. . ... Dendrobates kirkii Malh. Little redheaded Woodpecker. retit Sharpen tier k tete rouge ... jgg (Chloronerpes k. Leot.) Celeus elegans Mull. Yellowheaded Woodpecker. Char pentier a tete jaune 1 (C. cinnamomeus Leot.) Campephhus melanoleucus Gml. Big redheaded Wood- pecker. Charpentier h tSte rouge ... 182 Ceophloeus lineatus Linn. Blackthroated Woodpecker Charpentier a gorge royee ... ooapecker. (Dryocopus lineatus Leot.) Momotus s wain. son i Gray. King of the Woods. Houton 47 (M. bahamensis Leot.) Ceryle americana Gmel. Redbellied Kin-fisher Martin pecheur a poitrine rouge ° Martin- ~pKf°“ L ™' L ““ FeHt ^ alcyon Linn. Belted Kingfisher , a ceinture bleue * Uartln 'Pecheur amazona Lath. Amazon Kingfisher ATo.f n a long bee ° er ’ ^ ai kn-pecheur ... 53 184 torquata Linn. Great Kingfisher n pecheur ... ° ' er - Gios Martin- Trogon collaris Vieill. Collared Tro-on" Gnu, ■ ", 51 rouge... . _ & n - Couloucou a ventre viridis Linn. Curucai. Grand - 50 jaune... ... 1 c °uroucou a ventre meridionalis Swain* r*ui ••• 48 Petit Couroucou k centre jaun e yeW be]Hed Tro S on - (T. sulphureus Leot.) ... 49 CHAPMAN — BIRDS OF TRINIDAD. 91 Galbula ruficauda Cuv. J acamar Crotophaga ani Linn. Tickbird. Savana Blackbird. Merle Corbeau major Gmel. Marsh Tickbird. Gros Merle Corbeau Diplopteryx nsevius Linn. Trinity. Trinite quatreails Piaya cayana Linn. Bucutu. Coucou manioc rninuta Yieill. Lesser Bucutu. Petit coucou manioc Coccyzus melanocoryphus Yieill. Redbellied Piaya. Coucou manioc a ventre roussatre (Piaya melacorypha Leot.) minor Gmel. Mangrove Cuckoo— Coucou manioc gris erythropthalmus "Wils. Black billed Cuckoo. Coucou manioc a bee noir americanus Linn. Yellow billed Cuckoo. Coucou manioc aux ailes raisses ... Ramphastos vitellinus. Dieht. Toucan. Ara makawuanna Gmel. Green Macaw. Petit Ara \eit... Amazona amazonica Linn. Green Parrot. Gros Jacquot... (Psittacus agilis Leot. ) Pionus menstruus Linn. Blueheaded Parrot, Perruohe a tete bleue (Psittacus menstruus Leot.) Urochroma cingulata Scop. Seven colored Paroket. Lei 1 ucxie a sept couleurs... (Psittacula batavica Leot.) hueti Ternra. lledwinged Paroket. Perruche aux ailes rouges (Psittacula hueti Leot.) Strix pratincola Bon. Barn Owl. Chouette blanche Syrnium virgatum Cass. Tawny Owl. Chat-huant Megascops brasilianus Gmel. Eared Owl. Chouette a oreilles (Ephialtes portoricensis Leot.) Pulsatria torquata Daud. Collared Owl. Chouette 4 collier (Athene t. Leot.) Glaucidium phakenoides Daud. Small Owl. Petit Chouette (Athene ph. Leot.) 56 194 195 187 18 8 189 ISO 193 192 191 177 295 178 179 180 181 30 29 28 26 27 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. King Corbeau. King Vulture. Sarcoramphus papa Linn. Koi des Corbeaux Cathartes aura Linn. Cedros Vulture. Corbeau a tete rouge Catharista atrata Bartr. Town Vulture. Corbeau (Cathartes foetens Leot.) Ictinia plumbea Gmel. Plumbeous Kite. Gabilan bleue “cise^ux rfiCatUS LJnn * Scisior - tai1 ^ Kite. Queue-en- (Mauclerus furcatus Leot.) R0St £™chu iabil . i . S . Viei11 - Kookbilled Kite. Gabilan a (K. hamatus Leot.) Circus maculosus Vieill. Harrier. Gabilan 4 longue queue (O. macropterus Leot.) But.ortbreri.taCb. S„rt blrtk IWrd. Petit Grtikn (B. zonocercus Leot.) Urubitinga urubitinga Gmel. noir . . . (Morphnus u. Leot.) anthracina Licht. Black Hawk. (Astur unicinctus Leot.) - albicollis Lath. Gabilan - dos noir (Butes poecilinotus Leot.) ^ n S a Lath ' S P e0kled Hawk. Gabilan ginga Lath> . T ° 0thed Falc °- Gabilan & Gampsonyx swainsoni Vig. Brown Hawk. Grmri eptodon umcinctus Temm. Gabilan bleuatre ° 19 " & (Cymindis unicinctus and C. pucheradi Leot 1 cayenensis Gmel. Guiana Hawk n u-t * , r . amw k. Gabilan a t6te bleue (Cymindis cayanensis Leot.) Spizaetus mauduyti Daud. Crested Qrt' *. liuppe .. '-rested bpizmtus. Gabilan a (Spizfetus ornatus Leot.) pattes ginga^ led .‘. Hpeckkd - ]e g Spizsetus. Gabilan k (Sp. braccata Leot.) Eaglehawk. Gros Gabilan Gabilan noir CHAPMAN — BIRDS OF TRINIDAD. 93 Falco anatum Bon. Duck Hawk. Gabilan raye. fusco-ca?rulescens Yieill. Black-bellied Falcon. Gabilan a poitrine noire... (Hypo triorcliis femoralis Leot. deiroleucus Temm. White-throated Falcon. Gabilan a tete noire rufigularis Daud. Red throated Falcon. Gabilan noir k gorge rousse ... (Falco aurantius Leot.) columbarius Linn. Pigeon Hawk. Gabilan a dos bleuatre (Hypotriorchis c. Leot.) sparverius Linn. Sparrow Hawk Pandion carolinensis Gmel. Fish Hawk. Gabilan pecheur Columba speciosa Gmel. Speckled Cushat. Ramier ginga ■ rufina Temm. Blue Cushat. Ramier Mangle Engyptila rufaxilla Rich. Ground Dove. Tourtourelle a paupieres rouge (Peristera r. Leot.) verreauxi Bon. Ground Dove. Tourtourelle it paupieres bleue... Peristera cinerea Temm. Blue Partridge Dove. Ortolan bleue Columbigallina rufipennis Bon. Red Ortolan. Ortolan rouge (Chanuepelia rufipennis Leot.) Geotrygon linearis Knip. Mountain Ground Dove, tourelle k croissant (Peristera 1. Leot.) montana Linn. Partridge Dove. Perdrix (Peristera m. Leot.) Pipile pipile Jacq. Paoui (Penelope cumanensis Leot.) Parra jacana Linn. Spurwing. Paul perruquier Hsematopus palliatus. Temm. Oyster catcher. Arenaria interpres Linn. Turnstone. Pluvier de mer (Cinclus i. Leot.) •^Sgialitis wilsonia Ord. Wilson’s Plover. (Charadrius wilsonius Leot.) Tour- Hui trier 12 13 10 11 14 9 196 197 200 199 203 198 201 202 204 254 210 211 Gros Collier... 207 94 PROCEEDINGS OF TIIE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. .ZEgialitis semipalmata Bon. Ringnecked Plover. Petit Collier ... ... ... ... ... 208 (Charadrius s. Leot.) Charadrius dominicus Mull. Golden Plover. Pluvier dor^ 209 (Ch. virginicus Leot.) squatarola Linn. Black-bellied Plover. Gros Pluvier dore ... ... ... ... _ 206 (Squatarola helvetica Leot.) Eumenius borealis Lath. Eskimo Curlew. Petit Bee crochu ... ... _ 231 hudsonicus Lath. Hudsonian Curlew. Bee crochu... 230 Actitis macularia Linn. Spotted Sandpiper. Bicuit 239 & 240 (Tringoides hypoleuca and macularia Leot.) Tryngites ruficollis \ ieill. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Petit pieds jaunes ... ... ... 245 (Tringa rufescens Leot.) Bartramia longicauda Bechst. Bartramian Sandpiper. Pieds jaunes a longue queue ... ... 241 (Tringoides bartramius Leot.) Symphemia semipalmata Gmel. Willet. Ailes blanches... 238 (Totanus s. Leot.) Totanus solitarius Wilson. Ailes ... Solitary Sandpiper. Grandes ... 235 Limosa luemastica Linn, ailes blanches (T. chloropygius Leot.) flavipes Gmel. Yellow legs. Pieds jaunes. melanoleucus Gmel. Greater Yellow-legs. Clin-clin Hudsonian Godwit. Becard ... 233 & (L. hudsonica and segocephala Leot.) fedoa Linn. Marbled Godwit, Grand Bbcard Calidris arenaria Linn. Sanderling. Bdcasse blanche ..." Ere Tt S g °bi denta ! iS Lawr ' Western Becasse (Heteropoda longirostris and H. manri Leot.) Ere Zt^ve mUSLhm ' Semipalmat6d ® an dpiper. Becasse 236 237 234 232 251 250 (Heteropoda semipalmata Leot.) ... 249 CHAPMAN — BIRDS OF TRINIDAD 95 Tringa minutilla Vieill. Least Sandpiper. Petit maitre. . . fuscicollis Vieill. White rumped Sandpiper. Grosse Becasse (T. melanotus Leot.) maculata Vieill. Pectoral Sandpiper. Couchante... canutus Linn. Knot. Poule couchante ... Micropalama himantopus Bon. Stilt Sandpiper. Chevalier (Hemipalama multistriata Leot.) Macro ramphus griseus Gmel. Do witcher. Grise a long-bec Gallinago delicata Ord. Wilson’s Snipe. Becassine (G. wilsoni Leot.) Blacknecked Stilt. Becasse- Plongeon a Himantopus nigricollis Miill. la-Mort Heliornis fulica Bodd. Surinam Sunbird. queue Fulica americana Gmel. American Coot. Foulqe Gallinula galeata Licht. Redseal Coot. Poule d eau a cachet rouge. Coq-lagon Ionornis martinica Linn. Blueseal Coot. Poule d eau a cachet bleu ... (Porphyrio m. Leot.) Porzana Carolina Linn. Sora. Poule-savane a g or § e no * re (Ortygometra c. Leot.) albicollis Vieill. Crake. Grosse Poule savane Corethura olivacea Leot. ^ cineria Vieill. Little Crake. Petite Poule savane (Ortygometra c. Leot.) Rallus maculatus Bodd. Spotted Rail. Poule d eau tac longirostris Bodd. Clapper Rail. Poule d’eau gmga Aramides axillaris Lawr. Red Waterfowl. Poule rouge... (A. ruficollis Leot.) - cayenensis Gmel. Great V aterfowl. d’eau... (A. chiricota Leot.) imus scolopaceus Gmel. Crao. (A. guarauna Leot.) Grosse Poule 248 246 247 244 243 252 253 242 278 265 264 263 258 262 259 297 257 261 260 256 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 225 224 220 Aigrette bleue... 216 221 217 Aigrette a ventre Aigrette a Nycticorax violaceus Linn. Yellow-crowned Night Heron. Lrabier a croissant nsevius Bodd. Black-crowned Night Heron. Crabier batali... Ardea cyanura Vieill. Tchoque. Quioc (A. grisea Leot.) coerulea Linn. Little Blue Heron. tricolor Gosse. Louisiana Heron, blanc (A. leucogaster Leot.) again i Linn. Agami. Blongios... ■ candiclissima Ginel. Snowy Heron panache egretta Gmel. White Egret. Grande Aigrette calotte bWhe"'.. Great BIue Heron - Aileronne k cocoi Linn. Heron. Aileronne... Ardetta involucris Vieill. Quioc jaune rayee (A. variegata Leot.) -exdisGmel. Least Bittern. Quioc jaune (Ardea exilis Leot.) Botaurus pinnatus Wagl. Bittern. Butor Tigrisoina brasiliensis Linn. Rush Crabier. Crabier jonc Cancroma cochlearia Linn. Boat-bill. Crabier bee plat... Tantalus loculator Linn. Wood Ibis. Soldat Guara rubra Linn. Scarlet Ibis. Flamant (Ibis rubra Leot.) Platalea ajaja Linn. Roseate Spoonbill. Spatule Jralamedea cornuta Linn. Kamiohi pr , Codinne-bois * ^ ori ^ed Screamer. Cairina moschata Linn. Mu.fc Duck. ' ’ Cana,, 1™ .discolor Scl. Whistling Dock Ouikiki 215 214 213 212 219 218 223 222 226 227 229 227 255 272 J O ailes blanches (D. autumnalis Leot.) - viduataLinn. Tree Duck. Ouikiki bouriki fuha Gmel. Fulvous Tree Duck n -i • rouges ... UCJr - Ouikiki ailes (Anas bicolor Leot.) 266 267 269 CHAPMAN — BIRDS OF TRINIDAD. 97 271 270 268 Erismatura dominica Linn. Squat Duck. Vingeon ... 275 Aythya affinis E} ; t. Lesser Scaup. Canard france ... 2/3 (Fuligula marila Leot ) Spatula clypeata Linn. Shoveller. Canard Spatule Anas discors Linn. Blue winged Teal. Sarcelle a croissants (Pterocyanea discors Leot.) americana Gmel. American Widgeon. Vingeon... (Mareca a Leot.) Fregata aquila Linn. Man of War or Frigate Bird. Fregate ^94 (Atagen aquila Leot.) Pelecanus fuscus Linn. Brown Pelican. Grand gosier ... 293 Phalacrocorax brasiliensis Gmel. Cormorant. Plongeon a bee crochu (Graculus carbo Leot ) ...#292 Plotus anhinga Linn. Anhinga. Darter. Plongeon-soie. Sula leucogastra Bodd. Black-and-white Booby. Fon commun (S. parva Leot.) piscator Linn. White Booby. Fou a pattes rouges . Bhynchops nigra Linn. Black Skimmer. Bec-en-ciseaux. Anous stolidus Linn. Noddy. Mauve noire (Anous melanogenys Leot.) Sterna antillarum Less. Least Tern. Petite mauve (Sterna argeutea Leot. dougalli Mont. Roseate Tern. Mauve a bee noir . (St. paradisea Leot.) eurygnatha Saunders. Black-legged Tern. Mauve & pattes noires (St. elegans Leot.) maxima Bodd. Royal Tern. Mauve blanche (St. cayenensis and regia # Leot.) Phsethusa magnirostris Licht. Yellow-footed Tern a patte jaune soufre (St. chloripoda Leot.) Geochelidon nilotica Hass. Marsh Tern. Mauve cendr£ (Sterna aranea Leot.) . 289 . 290 . 291 . 280 .#288 287 283 Grande # 285 a queue 281 & 286 Mauve 282 dos 284 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Larus atricilla Linn. Laughing Gull. Pigeon de Mer ... 279 (L. ridibundus Leot.) Podilymbus podiceps Linn. Piedbill Grebe. Plongeon ... 277 (P. carolinensis Leot.) Colymbus dominicus Linn. Haitian Grebe. Petit Plongeon 276 (Podiceps d. Leot.) Crypturus pileatus Bodd. Quail. Caille ... ...205 (Tinamus sovi Leotaud.) The following were not identified by Mr. Chap Poly tmus mellisugus Linn. Saphir savane Columba caribaea Linn. ? Temm. Little Dove. Bamier Nyroca leucopthalma Gray. Canard zid-gris man : — ... 69 Petit ... 296 ... 274 ORTHOPTERA OF ST. VINCENT, ETC. 99 THE ORTHOPTERA OF ST. VINCENT AND GRENADA W.I. A valuable series of papers on the Fauna of the West Indian Islands has been for some time in course of publication in English Scientific Journals. They are the result of the labors of a joint Committee of the Royal Society of London and the British Association. It is desirable for convenience of reference that some record of these papers should be included in the publications of this Institute and I therefore append hereto a list of the Orthoptera of the Islands of St. Vincent and Grenada taken from papers by C. Brunner Von Wattenwyl published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1892, p. 196 and 1893, p. 599. St. Vincent Grenada Dermaptera. Labia arcuata Scud, rotundata Scud, brunnea Scud, pulchella Serv. Psalis americana Pal. Spongophora sp. Anisolabis janeirensis Dohrn maritima Bon. Blattodea Anaplecta lateralis Burm. Chorisoneura mysteca Sauss. Anaptycta bipunctulata Brunn. Phyllodromia adspersicollis Stal. delicatula Guer. notata Brunn. X X X X X X X x x X X x 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Pseud ophyllodromia semivitrea Brunn. albinervis Brunn. Ischnoptera occidentalis Sauss. . . . Pelmatosilpha marginalia Brunn. Periplanetse australasise Fabr. ... Epilampra brevis Burm. Homalopteryx laminata Brunn Stilopyga antillarum Brunn. Panchlora viridis Burm. Leucoplnea surinamensis Linn. ... maderse Fabr. Nauphoeta laevigate Pall. Holocompsa collaris Burm. Parasphaerianigra Brunn. rufipes Brunn. Latnidia castanse Brunn. Mantoaedea. Musonia surinama Sauss. Parastigmatoptera lobipes Brunn. Phasmodea. Phanoceles curvipes Brunn. Bacteria cyphus Westw. linearis Drury Diapherodes gigas Drury Acridioidea Orphula punctata Geer Tettix quadriundulatus Brunn. ... Vilerna seneoculata Geer Caletes apterus Brunn Schistocerca pallens Thunb. columbina Thunb. Osmilia ccelestis Burm. Anaulacomera antillarum Brunn. laticaudata Brunn. Microcentrum pallidum Brunn. Stilpnochlora marginella Serv. x x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ORTHOPTERA OF ST. VINCENT, ETC. Bliastes superbus Brunn. Striolatus Brunn. Cyrtophyllus crepitans Brunn ... Copiophora brevicornis Redt. Conocephalus guttatus Serv. muticus Redt. maxillosus Fabr. infuscatus Scud, frater Redt. heteropus Bol. macropterus Redt. punctipes Redt. surinamensis Redt. Xiphidium saltator Sauss. propinquum Redt. Pherterus cubensis Haan Gryllodea Gryollatalpa hexadactyla Perty ... Scapteriscus didactylus Latr. Tridactylus minutus Scud. Amirogryllus muticus Geer. Nemobius cubensis Sauss. Paragryllus rex Sauss. Gryllus assimilis Fabr. Gryllodes rufipes Brunr.. Ectatoderus antillarum Brunn. ... Larandus marmoratus Brunn. . . . Parsecanthus sp. Endacustes dispar Brunn. Cyrtoxiphus vittatus Bol. gundlachi Sauss Orocharis gryllodes Pall. Me try pus luridus Sauss claudicaus Brunn. heros Brunn. ... Podoscirtus modestus Brunn. ... 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. The Zoological Proceedings for 1893 also contain (p. 692) a paper by G. W. and E. G. Peckham on the Spiders of the family Attidae of the Island of S. Vincent ; and (p. 705) a paper by P. R. Uhler on the Hemiptera-heteroptera of the same Island. The same author contributes a further paper on the same subject to the Zoological Proceedings for 1894 (p. 156). Many new species are described. But descriptions of species without figures are, to say the least, unsatisfactory. t may be useful also to record the titles of the following papers published during the past few years on the Natural History, Geology, &c., of Trinidad and its neighborhood. G. A Boulenger. On Reptiles, Batrachians and Pishes from the Lesser West Indies. PZS. 1891, p. 351. R, J. L. Guppy. _O u a Specimen of Pleurotomaria from Tobago, West Indies. PZS. 1891, p. 484. E. E M ol. .ad F. W. U rich.— Notes „„ ,on,e Reptile* from Trinidad. PZS. 1891, p. 447. E. Simon-On the Spiders of the Island of S. Vincent. P Z S 189I > P- i and 1894, p. 519. R. J. R Guppy— Note on Bulimus oblongus. P Z S. 1892 H. Crosse— Panne Malacologique terrestre et fluviatil* 1 nr, * Trinite. Journal do Conchy, 1890 pt ' A. J. Jukes-Browne and J. B. Harrison— The O , Barbados. Journal of the Geological Soc’ t 6 ° ° g7 ° f (Part I.) and May 1892 (Part II.) Ma Z J «91 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 105 R. J. L. Guppy. — The Tertiary Microzoic Formations of Tri- nidad. Journal of the Geological Society, November 1892. R. J. L. Guppy. — The Microzoa of the Tertiary and other Rocks of Trinidad. Journal Field Naturalists’ Club, 1893. R. J. L. Guppy. — The Land and Freshwater Molluska of Trini- dad. Journal of Conchology 1893, p. 210. Lord Walsingham. The Microlepidoptera of the West Indies. P Z S. 1891, p. 492. G. F. Angas. The Terrestrial Molluska of Dominica, P Z S. 1883, p. 594. P. R. Uhler. The Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Grenada. P Z S. 1894, p. 167. R. R. Mole & F. W. IJrich. Biological Notes on some of the Ophidia of Trinidad. P Z S. 1894, p. 499. In this paper the Authors give a preliminary list of the Ophidia recorded from the Island. This list includes the fol- lowing names : — Typhlops reticulatus Linn. Glaucoma albifrons W agl. Epicrates cenchris Linn. Thicknecked Tree Boa. Corallus cookii Gray. Cascabel Dormillon. Boa constrictor Linn. Makauel. divinaloqua Laur. Eunectes murinus Linn. Huilia Streptophorus atratus Hallow. Geophis lineatus Dum. & Bib. Ground Snake. Liophis melanotus Shaw. Beauty of the Road, reginte Linn. cobella Linn. Mapepire mang. Coluber boddaerti Seetz. Grass Machet. corais Boie. Cribo. Spilotes variabilis Wied. Tigre. pcecilostoma Wied. Herpetodryas macropthalmus Jan. carinatus Linn. Machet. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Ahaetulla liocercus Wied. Petalognathus nebulatus Linn Homalocranium melanocephalum Linn. Lora Oxybelis acuminatus Wied. Dipsas cenchroa Linn Leptodira annulata Linn. Scytale coronatum Schn. Oxyrrhopus plumbeus Wied. Elaps riisei Jan. lemniscatus Linn, corallinus Linn L ache sis muta Linn. Bothrops atrox Linn. Liguis. Fiddlestring Mapepire. Coral Snake. Large Coral Snake. Coral Snake. Mapepire Zanana. V alsain. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 105 Thursday, 29th November, 1894. Sylvester Devenish , M.A. , Vice-President , in the Chair . The following Donations were announced : — A bottle of Black Pepper grown at the Convict Depot, Chaguanas. — C. W. Meaden. Smithsonian Deport 1892. — United States National Museum . Boletin del Instituto Geografico Argentino Tom xv. cuad. 1, 2, 3 & 4. The Institute . Botanic Gardens — Bulletin No. 24. — J. H. Hart. Deport of Weather Bureau. U. S. 1893. J. H. Halt Summary do. do. do. — J • H. Hart. Monthly Weather Review— May, June, July, 1894.— J. H Hart. Bulletin Kolonial Museum to Haarlem— March and July 1894. — J. H. Hart. The following paper was read : — OBSERVATIONS UPON THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND FAUNA OF THE GULF OF PARI A. By R. J. Lechmere Guppy. In 1887 I communicated to the Scientific Association of Trinidad what was intended to be the first part of a marine in- vertebrate Fauna of the Gulf of Paria. That part was confine the Molluska. I had for many years previously studied partia y the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Gulf ; but had fade to publish anything on these subjects owing partly to the incom- plete state of my information and partly to the excessive y absorbing and arduous nature of my official duties which left me little time or opportunity for natural history studies Still managed at intervals to do some work; and among ot ei imgs I discovered what then were new and -described species of Crustacea, but could not follow up the subject. So mu 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. since been done in the way of describing new species in this division of the animal kingdom especially in North America and in connection with the Voyage of the “ Blake” and other national vessels in the West Indies that I think it likely that most of our new species are new no longer to science and nomenclature. Still in presenting some notes on the Gulf of Paria I will name such species of Crustacea and echinodermata as ha\e occuned to me and of which I have been able to identify the names, leaving it for future observations to complete correct and revise the list In the fiist place I will begin these notes by a hasty glance at some of the physical conditions of the Gulf. The Gulf of Paria lies in a depression caused by subsidence t e long a^is of which runs approximately E.N.E. and W.N.W. extreme length of this basin is about 100 miles and its p esent depth below sea level nowhere exceeds 20 fathoms (except near the Bocas) and is generally from 10 to 15 fathoms, The GC ^ SU ^ ei ^ c ^ area ma y af * a rough approximation be stated a ' , 00 square miles. Were this basin laid dry it would appear . P^n of mud nowhere rising into a perceptible elevation or hillock except in a few spots near the existing shores. Else- escnbe some characteristics of these shores; but I now state that with the exception above mentioned the deepest water close off shore is to be found at Fointapier. withl] 10 p° Ca , S a,C nan ' 0W channels connecting the Gulf of Paria as TheSe ChMUels have had their origin Scientific ^ocTtbr'Vs^Tlog ^ m e’ie i ^ ** (Boca de Monos) is hardy half a about the same. The GiLd^'T™* ShlPS ^ ^ US6 ^ widths mav h* + i ' 0ca ls a ^ out six miles wide. These Parts The ra 7] ^ '° be ° lear widths in the narrowest rap ld currents through these channels have kept GUPPY GULF OF PARIA. 107 them scoured out and the depth reaches 120 fathoms. This probably may be the extreme amount of the depression caused by the geological movements referred to in my papers. No mud or sand of any kind is deposited in these Bocas. The bottom is one of rocky inequalities whose existence is evidenced in the violent eddies and ripples of the so-called “ remu,” a phenome- non which occurs when the water outside the Bocas is at its lowest and consequently the water surface gradient from the middle parts of the Gulf the greatest. Outside the Gulf the Caribean Sea varies in depth from 20 to 60 fathoms except in the line of the great down-throw passing along the axis of the 6* rand Boca. Here the depth attains 120 fathoms and is pro- bably not less than 90 in any part. This line of depression seems to be a terrestrial feature of some magnitude. Its exten- sion northeastward from the Boca Grande between the islands °f Grenada and Tobago is indicated by deep water marking the boundary between the volcanic region of the Antilles and the non-volcanic region to the south and east thereof. The rise and fall of the tide is from 2^ feet at neaps to about 4 feet at springs. We see in this the cause of the violent currents running through the Bocas. The vast body of water contained within the Gulf say 3,000 square miles to a depth of di feet to 4 feet is all impelled towards the Bocas by the fall of bde in the Caribean Sea. The outward currents thus caused are given in charts at 2 to 4 knots, but I think it probable that they sometimes exceed this very considerably. The statement is probably correct as an average, though the extreme force of the currents at particular times and in particular spots may possibly ev en attain a velocity of ten miles an hour. These currents exhibit a number of extraordinary “tide rips” which ^ry greatly at different tides. The phenomena of these tides are greatly modified by the state of the Venezuelan rivers, which Pour their waters into the Gulf, and which at times of heavy flood contribute so large an amount of water to the Gu bhus replacing what had passed out through the Bocas on the ( iUb PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. ebb that the current of the flood is often very slight, while the ebb is correspondingly strong. The time of high water is con- siderably affected by these land floods. Obsei \ ations on the tides of the Gulf are very much needed and such observations ought to be set on foot by the Government in view of the public benefits which would result from an accu- rate knowledge of the tides. I have paid more or less attention to the tides for the last twenty-five years and have calculated them for the local almanacks; but want of proper and sufficient observations have prevented the attainment of the requisite accuracy. Some time ago X was applied to on the subject by the United States Consul here and though I gave what information could it was very meagre and uncertain. Tidal observations could be easily carried out with the proper instruments at a few stations in the Gulf. I should be willing to undertake the work of establishing the stations and making the observations. ., 5“ mixture of a Iar g° quantity of river water with u modifies both its saltness and its color. These effects are sensible m the wet season even as far out as the islands of tha g !°nn , enada and bey0nd themto a distance of more th n 100 mile, from the Boca, This produces a corresponding effect upon the animal and vegetable life of the region. Though Foramim era and Ostracoda have forms belonging to estuarine tIi^, and ^ abUndant aS * the rocks of fafl^ ey r em t0 be abSent fr ° m the Gulf - 1 have hitherto found a f mg ^ ° StraC ° da WhateVer - ° f Foraminifera I me b af 7 eXam P l6S at the ^cas and some have occurred to W ^ 8anfernand °> bntI believe these to have • Ti- to the Subkingdom Articulata T certai « I y th « belonging presents a mnii i • i i ’ ^ 1S res P ec ^ the water most abundant fonTof Hfe whil ^ °1 ^ ^ the presentatives the Crust ’ " 6 * 16 former their marine re- tires the Ciustacea outnumber all other creatures. GUPPY — GULF OF PARIA. 109 We spent a month this year on the island of Gaspan. Our station was at the Western end of the island and in full view of the first Boca. Gaspari forms the southern boundary of Chaguaramas Harbor. It is an island near two miles lon e and is entirely composed of the compact blue limestone of which El Pato (absurdly called Patos or Goose Island), Punta Gorda (the proper orthography ; See Carr’s Voyage, Proc. Scient. Assoc. Trinidad, Dec. 1869, p. 396), Carera’s and the Five Islands as well as the Laventille Hills are also formed. This limestone which I take to be of carboniferous or devonian age is laigely lifted and cavernous. Hence the malarial fevers which pievail on the limestone islands and localities in the wet season. The rain water charged with organic substances descends through the crevices into cavities into which the sea water enters. This mixture of freshwater charged with organic particles with the salt water is everywhere in the tropics the cause of malaria. The localities on the schistose formations away from swamps seem always to be healthy, but most of the sheltered bays an coves are always more or less unhealthy from the existen swamps at their upper ends. They are submerged valley s example Scotland Bay, Chacachacare Harbor, Anse Maho (rn lately called Dehert Bay and now Grand Fonds Bay). 10 swamps at such places as TeteronBay, Chaguaramas &c. ai to submergence of land owing to movements of depressio however scarcely correct I think to attribute the swamps as Kingsley does to that want of tide which as he says is te« of the West Indies. It is largely due to the rising an a in of the tide that these swamps exist in the state we n Were it not for the tide they would for the most part eithei be non-existent or they would be ponds and in either -ewou d not give out those malarious exhalations which arise when is uncovered. A. Gaspari I made observations on «*> ' “"7*“” ™ air and the water. The mimmua , he 76° while the maximum was 89 . On som ) PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. was 78“ while the maximum did uot rise above 82°. During the same period the temperature at my house on the savana in Port-of-Spain was minimum 70“ maximum 90°. The temperature of the surface water of the Gulf was constantly 82’ during the time of our stay. We thought we perceived at times the existence of a colder underlayer of water, but I was unable to verify the act. In October 1881 when we were under quarantine at the nve Islands I found the temperature of the Gulf water to be 84 ' The tem Perature of the Maraval river water at the time Pot marl y years I have made occasional observations of the temperature of the river water. These observations were always taken early in the morning before the water had time to ecome heated by the sun’s rays and I never found the tem- perature below 7 4° or above 78°. These observations would appear to show. 1“ That the temperature of the air at the Gulf Islands does not usually fall so low or rise so high as on the main island of Trinidad. 2“ That the temperature of the sea water is much higher than that of the river water. Probably the temperature of the Gulf is itself lower than t at of the Catibean Sea (which observations show to be about 84“ at this time of year) owing to the influence of the Orinoco and other rivers m pouring a quantity of water of a lower temper- ature into the Gulf. Further X observe tVm f „ • • **«•% «»» during . '.T™ ° f 78 ' in Trinidad the highest mini J ^ h ° UrS ^ Gas P arl whlIe was 77° and the 1 r ° mUm * lat ^ as ever occurred to me ' ’ ma the low est maximum 78°. ature of the water I aT^thtl^Wingh 361- ^* 10118 ^ t6mpel " GUPPY — GULF OF PARIA. Ill On the 10th November at Piedmont, Sanfernando (120 feet above sea level) the bath (an iron bath in a partially inclosed gallery or veranda) was filled with water from the well in the evening (say about 5i p.m.) The next morning at 7 a.m. I took the temperature. That of the air was then 75 ° ; the temperature of the water in the well was 76° and that of the water in the iron bath 74°. The water of the well being in communication with the whole body of under ground water retained its average temperature, while that in the bath was exposed to evaporation and so lost some of its heat during the night. Humboldt observes that the temperature of rivers in tropical South America is from 24° to 28° centigrade (75° to 83° F.) In times gone by when I had the energy for making researches in Natural History I had not the opportunity. Although I constantly traversed and retraversed the length and breadth of this island in the discharge of my duty it was always at high pressure, and I very rarely found the opportunity of indulging in any of my favorite pursuits. Now when I have the leisure the energy is gone. I found that one haul of the dredge — at the utmost two — was as much as I could manage. And considering that out of every ten hauls in our gulf only one brings up anything good or rare it will be seen that the results of my one or two dredging expeditions did not amount to much. Dead shells of common species came up at every haul of course — some places furnished broken dead coral and worn decayed shells in abundance while others produced little else but sand or even stinking mud. During my stay at Gaspari I got no good haul whatever — but once a fair but dead specimen of 2 hracia dissimilis came up. A small dead but good specimen of a rare Solarium occurred on one occasion and I found several examples of a new form of crepidula which lives on the very common cerithium caudatum. The conditions of some parts of our Gulf, notably Chaguaramas Harbor, seem to be veiy favorable to the latter shell. Strange to say an example of a 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Pteropod ( Hyalea longirostra Les.) occurred in one of these dredgings. This is a species which lives on the surface of the sea and of which I had once found an example cast ashore at highwater mark. My notices and lists are extremely incomplete and rudi- mentary ; but they may yet have their value and at all events on some points they are a beginning. On the subject of the molluska lave only inserted a few remarks in this paper as I propose at a future meeting to give a separate paper on this branch alone, as 1 “ 0116 that 1 have more fu % investigated than some of the others. Small Fishes are not uncommonly brought up in the dredge. But it would scarcely be useful to treat of these apart from the general ichthyological fauna of the Gulf and I am not at present ZonfZ T t0 d ° t,m - 1 CXhibit ^wever, a few specimens , ° W y ° U WlU ob serve the curious pipefish (Syngnathus ) and the seahorse {Hippocampus). J it in til d" 80 look .t of whtl * T; I:™ Witl ' ““ most form, of life some 1 nee e ”": ,VeS *° “ “ by PHosphores- ::: Jr iit. is r: ed witk the w,J“!7 “ d " th0 °« 1,b °‘ b floating in, h, espie * in T, Pl "** fe «» bottom, X I"!” P Wh ”« «»«». In the snrfTOe *1.. f.™ Asterionella. “ “*«»»>» * k •**> “>« ™ * » •ion. are .imil.r those oftheitadM 7" ** diolaria and do not represent GUPPY — GULF OF PAEIA. 113 natural genera. Many of these reputed genera are in fact but various forms of the same species. The labors of Parker, Rupert Jones Brady and Carpenter have redeemed the Foraminifera from a similar opprobrium aud made the study of these minute beings a source of pleasure instead of the pain arising from the hopeless confusion and never-ending multiplication of useless and misleading epithets. It would be highly interesting to have an account of the peculiar botanical features of Gaspari and the analogous islands. The soil of these islands is peculiarly adapted to certain vegeta- tion while it is unsuitable to others. However as my botanical knowledge is unfortunately very slight I must confine myself to a very few remarks. The limestone furnishes by disin- tegration an extremely fine-grained red clay which when wet adheres to every object it touches. As a guess it may be stated that an ounce of this clay represents a ton of disintegrated limestone. In some parts there is a considerable thickness (many feet) of this clay and very much is washed away by every shower. It makes a fairly fertile soil in which many plants thrive. Guinea grass grows wild in places where it is not overrun with bush. Palms however do not relish the limestone or the red clay. Yet attempts have been made, all resulting of course in failure, to establish the coconut palm. One of the most notable plants here is a Spurge (Euphorbia) which I should say was one of the most venomous plants in existence. Not only is it extremely poisonous as plants of its family usually are, but it is covered, leaves and stem, with sharp needles which sting very severely. It took me several days to recover the effects of having run against one of these plants. 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. LIST of Crustacea & Echinoclermata collected in the Pavia or on its Shores. CRUSTACEA. Leptopodia sagitaria Fabr. Long-leg Crab. Chorinus heros Herbst Mithrax eornutus Sauss. Homed Crab, pleuracanthus Stimps. ,, minutus Sauss. „ Pericera bicornu ta Latr. „ Lambrus crenulatus Sauss. Folded Crab. Cancer lobatus ? M. Edw. Panopeus occidentalis Sauss. Micippe 'i sp. Eriphia gonagra Fabr. Lupea cribraria Lam. anceps Sauss. Boscia dentata Latr. Mountain Crab. Cardisoma guanhumi Marg. Land Crab, quadrata Sauss „ Gecarcinus lateralis Frem. „ ruricolus Linn. „ sp. indet Ocypoda rliombea Latr. Box Crab. Gelasimus vocans Linn. Calling Crab. Sesarma cinerea Box Mangrove Crab, sp. indet. Grapsus pictus Latr. Shore Crab. Calappa marmorata Fabr. Marble Crab Matuta victor Fabr. Victor Crab. Hepatus fasciatus Latr. Liver Crab, sp. indet. Dromia lator ? M. Edw. Ball Crab globosa? Lam. Baninoides sp. indet. GUPPY — GULF OF PARIA. 115 Hippa emerita Linn. Pagurus granulatus Olivier Palinurus americanus M. Edw. Lobster Squilla mantis Rond. scabricauda Latr. Gonodactylus chiragrus Eabr. Alpheus heterochselis Say. Snapping Prawn Peneus setiferus Linn. Prawn Hippolyte sp. Humpbacked Prawn Pandalus gurneyi Stimps. >? Lucifer sp. indet. Talitrus sp. indet. Sandhopper JEga affinis M. Edw. Fish Louse Echinodermata. Ophiura appressa Say Ophiolepis elegans Lutken sp. indet. Asteroporpa annul ata Lutken O reaster reticulatus Rond. Astropecten polyacanthus Miill. Luidia senegalensis Lam. Echinocidaris punctulata Desm Psammeckinus excavatus Blainv Echinometra acufera Blainv. Melita testudinata Klein. Encope grandis Agass. 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Tj[E MOL LUSK A OF THE GULF OF PARIA. ^ By B. J. Lechmere Guppy. The Gulf of Paria is a large landlocked sheet of water lying een the island of Trinidad and the continent of South E * s °' era hundred miles in extent from east to an about fifty miles from north to south. To the north it W Sep;lrilted from the Caribean Sea by the high and long !T n , 0, 1 < t n' y ° f Pana and cori nected with it by narrow passages 1 u ,° CaS del 1)ra S° ” or Dragon’s Mouths, commonly called cally the Bocas.” To the south the Gulf is hemmed in by - elta or the Orinoco. That delta is intersected by several into tl ^ tlK ' ldV61 ' and some these discharge themselves it™' ! " h0S6 l6VeI dm ' ing the season is sensibly raised im 61 S C ll5C0 . ° Ured anrl ita saltness greatly diminished by the this seas ‘ 1Uaatlty ° f fresh wa ter thus poured into it. During flowing t°'!) \ mpi<1 C,lrrenfc runs out through the Bocas. The to check this cmt ’ while given by the admixture of * ***' Th&pa]e br0Wnish ^ Grenada and Toba«o ■ . * ater ls Perceptible as far as season there is a, ° t0 nmety miles °«t. In the dry even then the f fW ° f the tide through the Bocas but a d £r "r *■ n “ h ii '“ •"« «•»>■ t » U.OH noIo l^r:"a e "!" d ° f “•> «» «. - necting the Gulf 0 f P • ° alled the Ser P ent ’ s Mouth con- ° ° f Pana the Atlantic Ocean. land andt eontm!T' th *?“ Parian Ean S e on the main ‘ of Trinidad, abut on ^ ^ ^ * S ^ an( ^ n orthern mountains general low and the^v f* the shores of the Gulf are in a yard is only attained 01 * ee ^ ei ^ 8 80 gradually that the depth of depths unknown i<* i f m ^ e ®hore and the bottom to 0 a so ^t an d yielding mud. In some GUPPY GULF OF PARI A. 117 such localities the line of demarcation between land and water is vague and indefinite being formed by tidal (mangrove) s\\ amps. In all such parts of the Gulf the fauna is of a peculiar type, quite lacking the characteristic forms of truly marine life. The littoral niollusks here are the oyster, the periwinkle and the neritine , while on the muddy bottom below tidemarks Pyrula melongena, Venus pectorina and Mytilus brasiliensis are abundant. heie a mud-flat exists to which some degree of firmness is imparted hy an. admixture of sand we find numbers of the most delicious bivalve in the world, namely Asapkis dejlorata , a largei species than its eastern congener and representative As aphis i ugosci. On the steeper shores and on those which appioacli the ma sea the molluska are more varied and comprize with fev excep- tions the forms found throughout the region. Even here, how- ever, we trace the influence of surrounding conditions in the c of many of the shells. This is of a more lugubrious and uni orm hue than in the antillian representatives of the same spe ■ particularly striking examples of this I may quote I oluta and Fasciolar ia tulipa. Of the former the Ti in id ad I- * are very dark and the lines and spots are of an ^ tel b instead of the pinkish-brown of antillian specimens. Of the ia named shell Trinidad examples are usually of a um onn without any lines spots or markings whatever. T ie c ai monotonous tints of the molluska of the West Coast o - has been made the subject of a paper by Fischer in the Journal^de Conehyliologie 1875 (p. 105). The only of coral find in common between the two regions is ‘ varied I„ „„ «'here cr.l reel. •ml brilliant b»e, but Mother it « tb. P*«»“ reel, that ou.our to ft. **<* ?£££?* are merely concomitant consequence., fact to the effect clear. In our case we might have aten >e , ^ w ;u no t of the waters of the Orinoco ; hut such an exp meet ,h, ca« of the went coaat of South A—, *l“» • rivers are absent, 118 PROCEEDINGS OP THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. On the eastern shore of Trinidad where the Atlantic surges thunder on a sandy shore we have an assemblage of molluska with its own peculiarities and quite distinct from that of any other locality. Most of the shells found there have however oc- curred as stragglers on the shores of the Gulf and so are included in my list. I may name as characteristic shells of these Atlantic beaches (among others) Trigona mactroides (of the shells of which in places almost the entire beach is formed), Cytherea dione , Mactra alata and Donax striata and denticulata . Univalves are rare ; but the logs of wood washed on shore generally become the resort of Litorinas. Natica marocana , whose prey is the Donaces, is not uncommon. All the species enumerated in the following list have been collected by myself in the Gulf of Paria or on the coasts adjoining. Though consisting for the most part of names only yet this list represents a very large amount of work, not only in collecting but in the study and identification of the shells and in assigning to them their proper names amid the heap of synonyms and in- accurate determinations with which unfortunately the science of malacology is burdened. In respect of nomenclature I have been very greatly assisted by Krebs’ Catalogue of the West Indian Marine Shells; a work published for private circulation only, but most valuable for its suggestions as to synonyms. I have how- ever allowed myself considerable liberty in the fusion of specific names allowed to stand in Krebs’ list ; for the author of that vork while condemning the “sickly passion” which possesses some naturalists for describing so-called new species, still allowed too many doubtful appellations to crowd his pages. And there aie many names in his list which I strongly suspect to be re- dundant, yet I do not touch them for want of certainty as to what species were in view by the authors of the names. Although I have been engaged for a lifetime (for that portion at least of it not occupied by my official duties) on the study of natural history and particularly of Geology and GUPPY GULF OF PARIA. 119 Conchology I dare not affirm that all the species herein enum ted are correctly named. Some rectifications ^ i a J e made without doubt, some species added and peihaps a e\\ together: not many indeed for I have devoted much labour to the reduction cf superfluous nomenclature, lo ^ct- ° almost as much time to the fusion of specific names as many naturalists have to the making of species out of nieie i ^ variations. Of the latter tendency I can point to a example in the work of my late friend Otto A. L. 1 . the West Indian ScalidtB,” where something like forty species a made out of two or three; and moreover these ^ or y P^^ species are arranged in an imposing aria} of secti its technical character, usually of no moie ieal va u presence or absence of a beard among individuals o race for example. A naturalist Hods a gre«l> teo'S’ for whil * »u», unci in order to comply with rf.bli.tod u»g= »■ •> » make out some technical characters upon vhi u nC ] s . , . . ,. Another naturalist tmas diagnosis, definition or description. A technical that other members of the same group iaAe 113 railed characters have not all cf them He consider- h.^’f . on, not to alter or improve the ^ new name and a new diagnosis. iudged do not constitute groups; and it often happens that J ^ ^ by technical characters individuals of the same ^ ^ more different from each other than different s P ec * e ^iffi- genus or group. The differences bet ' Ve ^ th e subject cult of expression in language, nor can naturalist is of chemical or mathematical tests. 1 t e what are really distinct species while ^ species into several, or characters whereby to sepal. ^ himself from the even into two or three genet a. ° acters a distinct and difficulties he labors under he ’ kind so that he can definite and if possible of 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. certainly say “This has such a character therefore it belongs to such a group;” and “This has not such a character therefore it does not belong to that group.” But nature does not work in this way; and our only course is when we find a group of beings in nature to name and describe it as well as we can and to con- form our systems as nearly as possible to nature and not to try to force nature into an appearance of conformity with our sj s toms. ** the names , l0l in he e “Tr % ‘T" ”" d « ”'>»'• ‘he, a«Lr O ,T h ”' *PP1M by seme eestem h „™? 0 '°" "“ ll ” of •»»» -pecies «f the Iltt" lo T°f ra ““ “ h “ h “PP“«> li l t ,or tTO >«■.; “1 I - no. •hi. “■ c *“ "° wed the ™ “ - .p.eiI he „,lT iPle “ Wh o” * he *« -taf » .h.t the anec "7," “ r“ S ' 0 ““ “ ,h ” '">» described the .luou e, 7 ’ 1 'I"* B " 1 * d »P*“' * particular eeUo- g t»e raU /eeJ,‘° d b Te° °hT m “' ^ ’■*>•*• h “ *»» o j it-beu up to by conch olo^ists * hnt if ,* ± i that manv ' but ls to be regretted course thereby intrude '■ 7 ' Sclence hav ® followed a different Sure. The want of 7"f ""necessary disorder into nomenela- eonrewha, hi,™ ™ Ci “ i “ » f "* »*? be name the authority for the apeciffc name S„ - r, “ species described by Lhw rir t , J ' J absurd to see ' modern cataloo-ue-comniler Jnma ' c a gravely ascribed to some latter chooses to e'mpiovneiier b “““ invention. If the prineinln ^ generlc designations of later the name of the authority in parenthesis • tl ’ P ' ° pkce cf trying to escape an imaginary and wholly superfl^^diifieult^ GUPPY — GULF OF PARI A. 121 that of giving at once the authority for the specific name and of indicating that the author of the species was or was not the authority for a more or less arbitrary collocation of generic and specific names. But a reference to Linnd’s work will show indeed that he does not closely collocate the generic and specific names. He places the generic names as a caption and following it are the definitions of the species to each of which is prefixed the name of the species only. Each specific name then has a separate existence independent of the generic name. Woodward has dealt with the subject of the employment of defective generic names on insufficient grounds in his Manual (pages 59 to 61) and Fischer has also some remarks on the same subject very well worthy of study in the introduction to the 1857 volume of the Journal de Conchyliologie. In the volume for 1866 of the same publication (p. 381) Crosse has also some remarks on the point, and I agree with him in all except as to the “ honouring” of individuals. The object of scientific no- menclature is the advancement of science and the convenience of the student of nature and not the honouring of any individuals. But nomenclature would be in an ever-shifting state and worse confused even than it is if the name of the author of a specific epithet can be changed by everyone who has a fancy to place the species in a new genus of his own or any one else s invention. On the subject of inventing new names for well-known groups already named (such for example as Pelecypoda for Conchifera) see Carter on Sponges, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 ser. vol. xvi, p. 4. It would be hard .to devise designations or definitions entirely without fault, and therefore wffiere one in use is fairly satisfactoi} it is a useless innovation or rather an injury to science to introduce a ne v name. The whole method and practice of science is liable to e brought into disrepute by this and other unnecessary and objectionable practices which are unfortunately only too much in vogue. 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. The classification I have adopted is that I have used in my own cabinet. It is in the main based upon that of Woodward by far the best ever published. Some of my innovations may seem hazardous, but I have never departed from my model without the most substantial reasons. The systems devised by various concliological writers seem to be founded on the most arbitrary and artificial characters and I have found myself unable to adopt them. And although the arrangement of my list may not in every point meet with the approval of all conchologists it is the best my information allows me to frame, and I believe it is in some respects an improvement upon many in use. Order Octopoda. Octopus Cuvier. 1. O. americantts Orb. O. vulgaris, D’Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, vol. i, p. 11, pi. 1, f. 1. I cannot assert that there exist any characters sufficiently marked for the separation of this West Indian Octopus from the widely-distributed form called 0. vulgaris. On his plate quoted above D Orbigny calls this var. americanus but in the text he does not give that name, but merely points out the differences. Order Decapoda. Loligo Lamarck. 2. L. plei Blainv. D’Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i, p. 42. Sepioteutiiis Fdrussac. 3. sepioicleo, Blainv. D’Orb. Mol]. Cuba, vol. i, p. 34. It is scarcely necessary to make any remark upon these species of Kephalopoda, which are not uncommonly taken by the fishermen in the Gulf. They are used as food. Spirula Lamarck. 4. Sp. fi-aglliss Lam. D’Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i, p. 64. Order Pteropoda. H yale a Lamarck. 5. H. longirostra Les. D’Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid . pi. vi, f. 6-10. GUPPY — GULF OF PARIA. 123 5a. Styliola subula Quoy & Gaimard. Order Tectibranchiata. Notarchus Cuvier. 6/ 1ST. laciniatus Riippell. Gray, Fig. Moll. pi. clii, f. 1. Aclesia Rang, 7. A cl. S}}. indet. Aplysia Linn. 8. *^A.pl» liig*r**x Orb., Voy. Amer. Merid. p. 209, pi. xviii, f. 1, 2. 9. _A.pl. sp. indet. Bulla Klein. 10. XI. maculosa Mart. B. striata Orb. Moll. Cuba. vol. i, p. 122. B. media Phil. B. umbilicata Bolt. B. ibyx Meusch. We have for many years kept the name of B. striata for our shell. But that name properly belongs to the Mediterranean form which is quite distinct from the West Indian shell. B. maculosa is nearer to B. ampulla. The Caribean Sea furnishes us with another species, B. solida Gmel. which I have not fount o shores. It is almost if not quite identical with B. australis Quoy and is still more like B. ampulla than B. maculosa is. S striata ,s fairly delineated in the “ Index Testaceologicus ; it is the ascribed to the West Indies, and this is no doubt the source of our error. Order Holostomata. (Sub-order Pyramidellina. ) Turbonilla Risso 1826. 11. T. turris Orb. Chenu, Man Conch - X Orb Moll. Cuba, vol. Chemnitzia turns 1Q 13 pulchella Orb. 1- c., P f. 14-17. ornata Orb. 1. c., P- ” f. 18-21. vol. i., L 1287. i., p. 219, 220, pi. xvi., pi. xvi., 221 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Chemnitzia modesta Orb. 1. c., p. 222, pi. xvi., f. 22-24. levis Adams. Contr. Conch, p. 73, pusilla Adams. Ibid. p. 74. oxilis Adams. Ibid. p. 74. substriata Adams. Ibid. p. 73. puncta Adams. Ibid. p. 72. Also Ch. flavocincta and subulata Adams. All the forms named above (and many others) belong to the one species, which is plentiful in the Pliocene of Trinidad and occurs sparingly in the Gulf of Paria. ( Suborder Naticina.) TSTatica Adanson. 12. IV. marocana Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Nerital4. 1ST. marochiensis (?) Lam. Common on sandy beaches. With a falling tide a furrow may be seen on the beach at the end of which will be found the Natica with a Donax wrapped in its foot leisurely imbibin* the juices through a neat round hole bored in the shell of° the bivalve. 13. TV. canrena Linn. Wood, Ind. Test, Nerita 1. N. alapapihonis Chemn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i., N. proxima Adams (young). Order Calyptreacea. Crepidula Lamarck. 15. Cr. II. Cr*. ’ - GUPPY GULF OF PARI A. 125 15a. Crepidula cerithicola n. sp. Smooth; usually very convex externally, almost hemispher- ical, somewhat irregular in figure, marked with radiating flames or interrupted stripes of reddish brown which are generally vis- ible internally through the shining subtransparent shell. Dia- meter of a large example about 8 millimeters. Inhabits the outside of Cerithium caudatum Sow. which is abundant in the shallow water off Gaspari. It is probably a variety of Cr. joorcel- lana ; but it is a very marked form which has been modified in accordance with the exigencies of its station. Calyptrea Lamarck 16. O. auriculata Chemn. Reeve, C. I. Crucibulum 15. C. cuvieri Desh in Cuv. Regne An. pi. xlviii., f. 4. 17. C. uncinata Reeve, C. I. Calyptrea 17. Trochita Schumacher 18. Tr. candeana Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 190 pi. xxiv., f. 28, 29. Pileopsis Lamarck. 19. “P. antiquata Linn. Patella mitrula Gmelin. Capulus lamellosus Chenu, Conch, vol. i., p. 329, f. 2377. Order Cjecivje. Caecum Fleming. 20. C. formulosum Mn, Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. x. p. 258, pi. viii., f. 4. 21. C. plironim uxn. Folin (C. regulate Carp.?) A well-defined and simple natural genus, but which (alas!) has not escaped the rage for superfluous nomenclature, generic- ally and specifically. 21a. Meioceras xiitidtixxi Stimpson 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Order Docoglossa. Patella Linne. 22. P. elegans Phil. P. candeana Orb., Moll. Cuba vol. ii., p. 199, pi. xxv., f. 1-3. P. pulcherrima Guilding. Tectura fascicularis Menke. Scutellina Gray. 23. Sc. antillarum Shuttl. Siphonariidee. Siphon aria Sowerby. 24. S. lineata Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. i., p. 232, pi. xvii., f. 13-15. M. Crosse in Journ. Conch. 1890, p. 52. has remarked upon the change of D’Orbigny’s name lineolata to lineata. The credit of the emendation is due to H. Krebs and not to me. Order Ciiitonacea. Chiton Linnd. 25. Oil. rugosus Gray. Reeve, C. I. Chiton 115. Ch. squalidus Adams. Ch. guildingi Reeve. 26. Oil. segmentatus Reeve. Chenu, Conch, vol. i., f. 2861. Chsetopleura janeirensis Gray. Ch. apparata = rufocostata = asper Shuttl. 27. Oil. caribeorum Carp = Ischnochiton jamaic- ensis Carp. 28. Ch. marmoratus Gmelin. 29. Oil. squamosus Linn. The Chitons make nocturnal excursions on limestone rocks as much as fifteen feet above high water mark. Where not gnawed by these mollusks the surface of the rock is rough and jagged, but where it has undergone the rasping process it is smoothed and covered with fine stride. GUPPY GULF OF PARIA. 127 30. Chiton (^Vcantliocliiton) spiculosus Beeve. Order Cerithiacea. Turritella Lamarck. 31 . T. imbricata Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll. pi. ix, f. 1 Hanley, Ips. Linn. Conch. p.344, pi. iii,f. 2 (palevar.) Cerithiopsis Forbes. 32. c. punctatum Linn, (not Brug. nor Lam.) C. emersoni Adams. C. subulatum Montf. 33. C. nigricinctnxn Adams 33a. Cerithiopsis tubercularis Mont. Bittium greeni Stimps. Bittium Leach. 34. 5 5. nigricans Stimpson. Ceritiiium Brugni&res. 35. C. gibberulum Adams. C. columellare Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. n, P- l 00 , pl. xxiii, f. 13-15. Bittium varium Pfeiffer. 36. 37. 38 . C. eaudatum Sow. C. minimum GmeL C. zonale Brug. C. ferrugmeum Say. C. striatum Say=C. septemstriatum Say. C eriense Val. Kien. Coq. Viv. Cerithium, pl. xxiv, f . 1 C. nigrescens Menke C. megasoma Adams. C. variabile Adams. Rissoina Orbigny. brvel ia Mont. Krebs, Proc. Sclent. Assoc. Trin. 1873, p. 55. R. catesbyana Orb. Moll. Cuba, pL *■ ^ R. minor Ad. ,» E. elegantissima Orb. Mo., . Cuba, «. .U* B. multicostata Ad. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. K. scalarioides Adams, Contr. Conch, p. 113, and R. firmata Adams. R. lactea Brown, 111. Conch, p. 11, pi. viii, f. 77= R. pusilla Brocchi. R. scalarella Adams. R. dubiosa Adams, Contr. Conch, p. 114=11, scalarella Adams. R. dunkeri PfeifF., R. Candida Brown and R. chesneli Mich. 38a. Rissoina browniana Orb. Moll. Cuba vol. ii, p. 28, pi. xii, f. 33-35. R. lsevissima Adams. R. laevigata Adams. R. sloaneana Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 28, pi. xii, f. 36-38. R. vitrea Adams. Barleia Clark. 39. 13. tincta n. sp. Conic-oblong, rather stout, of a horny pinkish-brown ap- pearance; whorls 5-6 smooth; aperture suboval, almost circular s ig i y angulate above. Lip sharp, very slightly expanded. Operculum deep red. I Should have taken our shell to be a Uydrobia but for ii operculum winch appears to resemble that of Barleia rubra Mon Indeed the shell itself is very like that nnp Tf j wepd 7 *n i o f , i y tnat one - occurred amor ed in 1-^ fathoms water in the Gulf. in thfZ A C r jenita ’ Smith R 189 °- I’ L f- 25 it differ m the less ventncose whorls. P n f 'v W ;, H ' Dal1 c0nsiders it to be Assiminea (Paludestrina affims Orb. (Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 8> pL x> f g 1 ^ 4n T Ritorina Fdrussac. n °dulosa Gmel. Orb. Moll 1 • 205, pi. xiv. f. n if ’ ° L L 1 R» dilatata Orb. 1 o -n i T x i . * C * P' 20 G Pi- xiv, f. 20-23. R tuberculata Orb. 1 c n 9 nr i • „ c - p. 206, pi. xiv, f. 15-19, GUPPY — GULF OF PAKIA. 129 41. L. muricata Linn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 2112. 42. L. flava King. D’Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. p. 391, pi. liii, f. 1-3. L. irrorata var. Petit. 43. JL. ziczac Chemn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 210/. L. lineata Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i, p. 208, pi. xiv, f. 24-27. 44. L. colixmellar-is Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. i, p. 213, pi. xv. f. 18-20. 45. L. tigrina Orb., 1. c. vol. i., p. 211, pi. xv., f. 9-11. L. undulata Orb. (not Phil.) Moll. Cuba, vol. i., p. 212, pi. xv., f. 12-14. 46. L. SELiigailitei*a Lam. Chenu, Conch, vol. i., £. 2093. L. scabra Orb. (as of Linn.) Moll. Cuba, vol. i., p. 212, pi. xv., f. 15-17. Fossar Adanson. 47. F. ti'oclileai^is Adams. Modulus Gray. 48 TV£. lenticularis Chemn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i., f. 2122. 49. ]VT, unidens Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Trochus 71 Trochus perlatus Wood. Monodonta carchedonius Lam. Solarium Lamarck. 50. s. tesselatum Desh. Wood, Ind. Test. pi. xxix. f. 56. Vehmetus (Adanson). 51. V. conicus Dilw. This name I. inserted merely to indicate the presence of the genus in the totality. Whether there are more specie, than o„. and whether this is the right name of He specs (or of one them) I am unable to aver with positive ceitain y. i30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 8 . Siphonium Browne. decussatum Gmel. Wood, Ind. Test, pula 30. Chenu, Conch, vol. i., f. 2303. Ser 53 Order Volutacea. Voluta Linn. ^ • mu ^ica Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll. pi. vii., f. 9. Marginella Lamarck. ° 4 ' coex-ulescens Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Vo- luta 68. M. subcoerulea Mart. Voluta prunum Gmel. °°‘ 3I * “arginata Born. D’Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 96. M. cincta Kien. M. bivaricosa Lam. Chenu, Conch, vol i f. 1057-8. M. mterrupta (Lam.) D’Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 97. 56. M. imfoi-icata Hinds. juinne. ° 1 * eXa nthem a Linn, Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 1675, Order Conacea. Conus Linne. C. testudinarius Mart. Bl eurotom a Lamarck. ° 9 ' 1>lm antill arum Orb, Moll. Cuba, vol ii p 173 pi. XXIV., f. 1-3. * * u ‘> P 60. 1*1. solicla Adams, Contr. Conch, p. 61 GUPPY GULF OF PARIA. 131 Mangelia Leach. 61. 31. quadrata Reeve (Pleurotoma dimmuta Adams). Under this species as more or less distinguishable forms or varieties come the following: M. hopetonensis Reeve, plicata Adams, cervnia Adams and biconica Adams. Also Pleurotoma lavalleana and vespuciana Orb. Moll. Cuba. Defrancia Millet (Clathurella Carpenter). 62. 13. maculata Adams. Order Fusacea. Murex Linne. 63. 31. pomRormis Mart. M asperrimus Orb. (not Lam.) Moll. Cuba, vol. n, r . 158. 64. TVl. cornucervi Mart. M. brevifrons Lam. Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. n p. 159. M. calcitrapa Lam. M. purpuratus Reeve. M. elongatus Lam. M. florifer Reeve. M. crassivaricosa Reeve. M. toupiollei Bernard!. M. micro pliyllus Lam. 65. 31. Sow. M recurviroatris (Brod.) auctt. M. messorius Sow. Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii.,p. 159. M. tryoni Hidalgo. M. rectirostris Sow. M. beau! Petit, Journ. Conch. 1856, pi. vm, f. 1. There probuMj '• number of other synonyms, ) n them without further information. The would not — on the: ^ ^ ^ ^ the west coast o£ name recurvwoUns 1 1 * dec!are specifically identical South America, which 1 hesitate with the West Indian one. 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 66. M. nuceus Morch. 67. >1. alveatus Kien. Lampusia Schumacher (Triton auctt. not Linn<$). antillarum Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 161, pi. xxiii, f. 20. L. tuberosum Reeve. 69. L. succincta Lam. Triton americanum Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 163, pi. xxiii, f. 22. 70. L. martiniana Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 162. Murex pileare (Linn.) auctt. Ranella Lamarck. 71. I*,, cubaniana Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 165, pl. xxiii., f. 24. persona Montfort. 7 ‘‘ 1 ’* reticularis Linn. t t 1,1 * his remarkable group ( 0 f which P. anus may be taken t ic t\ pe) there are several forms nearly allied, so that a uia ists have often treated them as identical. P. clathrata is e eastern form while the West Indian one is that named by ideT i re l %Cularis - 1 cannot say if P. cancellinus Roissy is W “ h •*■*■«* but it i» not p. Metula Adams. ^ r * Guppy, P roc . Scient. Assoc. Trinidad, De- cember 1881, p. 178, pl. vii., f. 18. Gabb of the West India. 1 » the Gulf „f P „ k bj w . 0 Cro>by . GUPPY — GULF OF PARIA. 133 Turbinellus Lamarck. 74. T. nassa Gmel. Chenu. Conch vol. 1 , f. 913. T. cingulifera Lam. Kien. Coq. Viv. Tur- binellus 23. T. leucozonias Lam. T. carinifera Lam. T. dubia Petit, Journ. Conch. 1853, pi. ii, 9, 10. T. rudis Reeve T. brasilianus Orb., Voy. Amer. Merid. p. 449, pl. lxxvii, f. 17 T. knorri Desh. Wood, Ind. Test. Murex 110. 75. T. inf unci lbulum Gmel. Wood, Ind. Test Murex 118. T. gibbulus Gmel. T. filosus Lam. Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 907. Fasciolaria Lamarck. 76. F. tulip a Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll. pl. v, f. 1. Pyrula Lamarck. 77. X 3 . melongena Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll. pl. v, f. 7. 7 g t x 3 . morio Linn. Kien. Coq. Viv. Fusus 46. Fusus coronatus Lam. The generic term Ficula should be reserved for the group of which F. ficus is the type. Pyrula is the proper name for the present subgenus of Fusus and Eapana is preferable for the group typified by i?. bulbosa. Pusio Gray. 79. F. articulatus Lam. Chenu. Conch, vol. i, f. 617. Murex accinctus Born Buccinum pennatum Martini ? plumatum Gmel. Purpura accincta Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 146. Fusus articulatus Kien. Coq. Viv. Fusus 36. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Tritonidea Swainson. SO. Tr. Eturieulata, Lam. Buccinum coromandelianum Lam. Pollia tincta Conrad Triton caribeum Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 162. Strombus Linn. 81 * Linn. Chenu. Conch, vol. i, f. 1583. «tr. goliath Chemn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 1581. 82 ' grallus Linn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 1588. So. pugHis Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll. pi. iv, f. 1. § . StV ' alatus GmeL is vei 7 near to this and I think only a arietj. The Strombus proximus of Sow. from the Miocene of aiti & c - * s a l so near but is distinguished (among other cteis) bj chevron-shaped color-bands, which persist in . . P 1 eserve d specimens. Strombus proximus has denticulations the outei lip like Str. bitub erculatus. (See a paper on t ie Miocene Fossils of Haiti in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Nov. ‘ P * 521 ^; S - bi frons Sow. from the same deposits is also near. S. dnbius Sow. is the vouno- J O' 84 Str. bitxxlxercxilatiis Lam. Str. costosomuricatus Mart, raninus Gmel. affinis Gmel. curruca Bolt, lobatus Swains. Cassis Lamarck. 83 ' testi CUlus Linn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i. f. 1134 Folium Lamarck. 13. pemiatum Mart. (=D. perdix auctt.) Purpura Brugineres. 87. F. patulxxnx Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. pi. xxii, f. 53. GUPPY — GULF OF PARIA. 135 88. P. trap ft Bolt. =P. deltoidea Lam. 89. I 3 , bicostalis Lam. P. hsemastoma Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol, ii, p. 144. 90. JP. xinclatft Lam.=P. bicarinata Kien. P. nodus Wood, Ind. Test. Murex 48. 91. I 3 , bispinosa Phil. (Melongena). Journ. Conch. 1852, p. 157 pi. viii, f. 3. P. trinitatensis Guppy, Proc. S. A. Trin. Dec. 81 pi. vii, f. 17. I thought of adopting the name of P. floridctna for this shell and including the above names in the synonymy. But I do not feel quite satisfied on the point of specific identity, and the figures given by Tryon do not bear it out. The operculum is that of Purpura. 92. I 3 , gigailteft Reeve=P. consul Kien. (not Lam.) Buccinum hsemastoma Chemn. 93. I 3 , plicatft Mart.=P. galea Orb. (not Chemn.) This is a Coralliophila and is the West Indian analogue of P. galea Chemn. The miocene relative is P. miocenica Guppy. Ricinula Lamarck. 94. R. turbinella Kien, Woodward, Man. Moll. pi. iv, f. 15. R. nodulosa Adams— R. carbonaria Adams R, ferruginosa Reeve 95. R. lugubris Adams Planaxis Lamarck. 96. 1PK nucleus Lam. Chenu, Conch, vol. v, f. 2143. Nassa Lamarck. 97. TV. antillarmn Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 141, pi. xxxiii, f. 1-3, 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 98. IV. (Phos) g'li adelupensis Petit Journ. Conch. 1852 pi. ii, f. 3-4. 99. ]>T. (JPlios) t>e£twi Petit Journ. Couch. 1856, pi. xii, f. 8-9. Terebra Brugnieres. 100. T. flammea Lam. Columbella Lamarck. 101. C. mercatoria Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll. pi. vi, f. 10. 102. C. laevigata Lam. C. concinna Sow. Wood, Ind. Test. pi. xxi, f. 134. Voluta ocellata Gmel. 103. c. argus Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 138, pi. xxi, f. 34, 35. C. oscillatoria Sow.=C. cribraria Lam. Oliva Brugnieres. 104. O • reticularis Lam.=0. olivaceus Morch 105. O. Ol’jza Lam. 106. O. niticTtila Dillw. O. mutica Reeve. O. monilifera Reeve Ethalia Adams. 107. E. pnsilla Adams ? Odontostoina pusilla PfeifF. (Zeitschrift 1851, page 88.) I feel doubt as to whether this appellation is correct either generically or specifically. I only insert the name as a record of the existence in the Gulf of a shell having characters approach- ing to if not identical with those of Ethalia. I note a resemblance to Rotella anomaly Orb., Moll. Cuba, p. 64, pi. xviii, f. 32, 33. GUPPY GULF OF PARlA. 13 ? Order Trochacea. Astra lium Link 108. Astralium rliodostomum Lam. Trochus Linne. 109. Tr, bjronianus Gray Tr. hotessieranus Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 59, pi. xviii, f. 15-17. Tr. canaliculatus Orb. ibidem vol. ii, p. 60, pi. xviii, f. 18, 19. 110. Tr. excavatus Lam. Tr. umbiliearis Chernn. Adeorbis Wood. (Vitrinella Adams). 111. Adeorbis striatus Orb., Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 63, pi. xviii, f. 29-31. Rotella semistriata Orb., ibidem, pi. xviii, f. 20-22. „ diaphana Orb., „ ,, f. 23-25. „ carinata Orb., „ „ f. 26.28. An extremely variable species. The above are a few names given by D'Orbigny. How many more have to be added want of reference to named, specimens alone prevents me from saying. Some of the forms recall A. subcarinatus Mont. Cyclostrema Marryat. 112. o. sclirammi Fisch. Journ. de Conch. 1857, p. 287 pi., x, f. 11. Pleurotomaria Defrance. 113. PL jxclai'isoniaiirt Crosse & Fischer, Journ. Conch. 1861, pi. v. Idem 1882, pi. i. Though the single specimen I obtained in 1890 came from Tobago I include it here as it probably inhabits the channel between that island and Trinidad . 9 * A full sized figure of this shell was published in an English Conchological paper in 1892. An account of the shell was given in Proc. Zool. Soc. Nov. 1891 page 484. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Turbo Linne. 114. T. ■fcix'foer* Linn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 2577. Nerita Linne. 115. TV. ■p<3lox°oil‘ta Linn. Wood, Tnd. Test.pl. xxxvi,f. 46. 116. IV- £1 11 ti llxix* ixiix Gmel. Wood, Ind. Test, Nerita, 45. N". prcecognita Adams. Neritina Lamarck. 117. TV. ixxi<ji"0!Stoiii£t Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p- 47, pi. xvii, f. 35. 118. TV- meleagTis Linn.=N. ehlorina Link. TL virginea Orb. Yoy. Amer. Mer. pi. lvi, f. 1-3. N. jamaicensis Adams. 119. TV- "vii'idLs Linn. Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 2460. Order Fissurellacea. Fissurella Lamarck. 120. X^. I'Xicliatxt Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Patella 101. 121. F. altemata Say. 122. Ip- nodosa Born. Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 2759. 123. F m xiiml>osa Linn, Chenu, Conch, vol. i, f. 2755. Emarginula Lamarck. 124. IT. tenssjx n. sp. Subconic, moderately thick, white, with seven ribs running from the apex to distinct angles on the periphery of the shell, three of these ribs are much larger than the others and of these the central one covers the deep anterior sinus. There are two ribs of the second order and two of the third. Two other ribs run from the apex to the sides forming scarcely any angle. Between each of the nine principal ribs there are 5—8 liner costellfe- Apex smooth nearly central, slightly recurved backwards. Margins dentate, emarginate by a notch at the sinus. General contour roughly seven-angled and much wider behind than before. Interior lead-colored with a strongly marked sinus occupying the cavity of the largest rib. GUPPY GULF OF PARI A. 139 More depressed than octoradiata and with much finer and more numerous less nodose rihs. The lingual dentition indicates a near relationship to Fissured a, Nerita &c. Order Solenoconciiia. Dentalium Linn& 125. D. disparile Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 202, pi. xxv, f. 14-17. Cadulus Philippi. 126. C. olbesns Guppy. Class CONCHIFERA. Order Piioladacea, PnoLAS Linne. 127. Pli. C£iiiiIe£iTisx Orb. Moll. Cuba. pi. xxv. f. 18-19. 128. J?li. costata, Linn. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 1-3. Martesia Leach. 129. 1M. st:r*i£Vto, Linn. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 48-50. Woodward, Man. Moll. pi. xxiii, f. 21. Teredo Linn. 130. T. iior*\ r o«ric*£i Spengl. Woodward, Man. pi. xxiii, f. 26. Gastroch^ena Lamarck. 131. Gr. liisaii^ Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Pholas 11. G. cnneiformis Spengl. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 73. Order Anatinacea. Tiiracia Leach. 132. Tin*, clissimili^ Guppy, Proc. S. A. Trinidad, vol. i, p. 368. Ann. and Mag; Kat. Hist. Jan. 1875, p. 52. Thr. plicata Reeve (not Deshayes) C. J- Thraica 7, 140 PROCEEDINGS OF TIIE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Periploma Schumacher. 133. I?. inequiyalvis Schum. 1)4. 3F*. orbicularis Guppy, Proc. Scient. Assoc. Trinidad, vol. ii, (December 1881) p. 177, pi. vii, f. 13. Order Solenacea. Solen Linne. 135. S. ofoliqtras Spengl. Wood, Appendix, pi. xi, f. 17. S. ambiguus Lam. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 86. 136. s. niveus Hanley. Wood, Appendix, pi. xii, f. 40. Solecurtus Blainville. 137. S. caribeus Lam. S. gibbus Spengl. S. guinensis Dillwyn. Order Myacea. Corbula Brugnieres. Iol . C. CUbailiana Orb. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 137. C. knoxiana Adams, Contr. Conch, p. 238. 139. C. caribea Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxvii, f. 5-8. C. swiftiana Adams, Contr. Conch, p. 236. C. kjceriana Adams, 1. c. p. 237. I feel suie that the synonymy of these species could be very » e b increased. The genus could be treated something after the manner in which Krebs treated Rissoina. Most of Adams’ names are invalid. 140 ' ^ * orn atissima Orb. (Sphena) Moll. Cuba, pi. xx vii, f. 13-16. Sphena alternata Orb. ibidem, f. 17-20. Order Mactracea. , . Mactra Linne'. * t Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Mactra 8. I - turgida Gmel - Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 223-4. ■ guadelupensis Ilecluz, Jour. Conch. 1832, p. 249, pi. x , f. 4. GUPPY — GULF OF PARI A. 141 142. M;. pellucida, Chemn. M. ovalina Lam. Wood, Appendix, pi. x, £. *23. M. fragilis Wood, Ind. Test. Mactra 32. M. brasiliana Lam. Wood, Appendix, pi. x, f. 60. 143. 31. alata Spengl. Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. Mactra 7. M. carinata Lam. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 22/ -8. Order Lucinacea. Iphigenia Schumacher. 144. I. braziliensis Lam. Woodward, Man. pi. xxi, f. 20. Don ax Linne. 145. IT), denticixlatirs Linn. Woodward, Man. pi. xxi., f. 19. 146. X>. striatus Linn. Wood, Appendix, pi. xiv., f. 32. These two Donaces appear to be almost always found together. Are they the two sexes of one species'? 147. I >. pulchellus Hanly Wood, Appendix, pi. xiv., f. 19. D. powisianus Recluz. Asaphis Modeer. 148. A. deflorate, Linn. A. rugosa (Lam.) Chenu, Conch, vol. ii., f. 256. The A. deflorata of Linne is distinct from A. rugosa Lam. The latter inhabits the Pacific, while A. deflorata is the West Indian form. When conchologists find it such an easy matter to make a dozen species out of one it is regrettable that they cannot see the difference between two such species as these. But the fact is, mathematical and not natural characters are those which commend themselves as most susceptible of easy apprehension though of little value in nature. I may note that Sanguinolaria taheitensis (J. C. 1852, pi. x., f. 5) is a synonym of A. rugosa Lam, 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Semele Schumacher. 149. S. reticulata Linn. Woodward, pi. xxi., f. 11. 150. S. decussata Gray. Wood. Ind. Test. Tellina 81. Amphidesma jayanum Adams. 151. S. variegata Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina, 17. S. purpurascens Gmel. Ervilia Turton. 152. E. nitons Turt. Woodward, Man. pi. xxi., f. 18. Tellina Linne, 153. T. interi’upta Wood. Ind. Test. Tellina 4. T. listeri Bolten. T. maculosa Lam. 154. T. punicea Born. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina 47. T. angulosa Gmel. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina 64. T. striata Chemn. Wood, Appendix, pi. xiii., f. 10- T. alternata Say. Donax martinicensis Lam. 155. T. r*LxfosisooiiSJ Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina 37. T. operculata Gmel. 156. T* constricta Brug. T. inters triata Say. T. inornata Adams. T. gruneri Phil. T. cayennensis Lam. 157. T. fausta Dillw. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina 74. T. remies Born (not Linn.) T. law is Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina 68. 158. T. radiata Linn. Clienu, Conch, vol. ii., f. 272. T. unimacula ta Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina 26. 159. T. bimaculata Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina 83. T. scaradiata Lam. Wood, Appendix, pi. xi., f. 37. 160. To exilic Lam. 161. T. candeana Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxv., f. 50-52. 162. T. souleyetiana Recluz, J. C. 1852, p. 253, pi, x., f. 5. GUPPY GULF OF PARlA. 143 Tellidoka Morch. 163. T. schrammi Recluz, J. C. 1853, pi. vi., f. 7-8. Strigilla Turton. 164. Stl*. C£ii*lTL£tx*ia Linn. 'Woodward, Man. pi. xxi., f. 6. 165. Stl*. flexuosa Say (Tellina mirabilis Phil.) Lucina Bruguieres. I have devoted some little attention to the genus Lucina and its highly involved synonymy and the following is the result of my researches so far as concerns the species found in the region to which this paper is devoted. 166. L. pensylvanica Linn. Woodward, Man. pi. xix., f. 6. 167. L. jamaicensis Spengl. Chenu, vol. ii. f. 566. 168. L. pecten Lam. L. costata Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxvii, f. 40-42. L. textilis Phil. I. antillarum Reeve. 169 L. scabra Lam. Chem, Conch, vol. ii. f. 576. Tellina imbricata Chemn. L. scobinata Recluz J. Conch. 1852, pi. x f. 6. L. muricata Orb. (not Chemn.) 170. Jj . nnir icata Chemnitz. L. scabra Reeve (not Lam.) 171. L. nasuta Conrad. L. imbricatula Adams. Contr. Conch, p. 245. L. obliqua Reeve (not Phil.) L. pectinata Adams. Cor.tr. Conch, p. 245. L. pecten Reeve. L. occidentalis Reeve. 172. L. semireticulata Orb. "Voy. Amer. Mer.pl. lxxxiv, f. 7-9. L. granulosa Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. 1845. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 173. L. quaclrisulcata Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxvii, f. 34-36. L. serrata Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxvii, f. 37*39. L. divaricata Lam. (not Linn.) Chenu, vol. li, f. 572. L. americana Adams. Contr. Conch, p. 243. L. pilula Adams. Contr. Conch, p. 246. L. chemnitzii Phil. Diplodonta Brown 1833. 174. 13. brasiliensis Mittre, Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 590. 175. 13. candeana Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxvii, £. 43-45. Lucinopsis Forbes. 1/6. L. "ten. li.is Becluz. Journ. de Conch. 1852, p. 250, pi. x, f. 1. Dosinia Scopoli. 177. 13. phllrpii Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii. p. 270. Cytherea concent rica Lam. (not Born) ,, patagonica Phil. Order Astartacea. Crassinella Guppy 1875. 178. Ci*. martinicensis Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxvii, f. 21-23. Crassinella guadelupensis Orb. 1. c. f. 24-26. In a paper by me in the publications of the United States National Museum, I described a new species belonging to the .same genus as this under the name Crassatella (Crassinella) cenica. I inserted the following remarks under the descrip- f the species. u As this paper does not deal with contro- veited questions I will not go into that of the use of the name ou r m further than to remark that in addition to recent specimens I have seen large numbers of the forms called marti- niCensu and ffuadelupensis by D’Orbigny from nearly every GUPPY — GULF OF PARIA. 145 miocene and pliocene deposit in the West Indies. The shell in both forms is particularly abundant in the pliocene deposit of Matura in Trinidad. My observations lead me to the belief that they are one species, and that they are adult, and not the immature form of any other species. And notwithstanding all that has been said I prefer to adhere to the name invented by myself ( Crassinella ) as the subgeneric name of the group, under Crassatella .” Order Veneracea. Petricola Lamarck. 1 79 . 3?. ty pica, Jonas. Mollusk. Beitrag, pi. vii, f. 3. 180. I 3 , gracilis* Desh. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853. Cytherea Lamarck. 181. C. liebraea Lam. Wood, Appendix, pi. xiii, f. 21. C. rubiginosa Phil. C. varians Hanley. Wood, Appendix, pi. xv, f. 33. 182. C. albida, Gmelin. Wood, Appendix, pi. xv, f. 31. C. affinis Gmel. C. lieta Lam (not Linn.) 183. O. circinata Born. Wood, J. T. Venus 24. 184. C. convexa Say. Wood, Appendix, pi. x, f. 34. 185. C. dione Linn. Chenu. Conch, vol. ii, f. 378, 379. Woodward’s figure (Man. Conch, pi. xx, f. 8) represents the closely-allied but quite distinguishable C. lupinaria Lesson, which is an inhabitant of the West Coast of America. Trigona Megerle. 186. TTr. trigonella Lam. Wood, Appendix, pi. xiii, f. 18. 187. Tr. mactroicles Born. Wood, Ind. Test. Venus 33. Cytherea corbicula Lam. Chenu. vol. ii, f. 385-7 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Venus Linne. 188. "V". Hexuosa Linn. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 360. V. macrodon Lam. Wood, Appendix, pi. ix, f. 7. V. punctifera Gray. V. auberiana Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 277, pi. xxvi, f. 35. 189. ~V . paphia Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll. pi. xx, f. 6. 190. \ . cancellata Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. Venus 6. V. cingenda Dillwyn. V. dy sera Orb. V. beaui Fischer, Journ. Conch. 1852, pi. xii, f. 15. 19L ^ - gT*annlat& Grinel. Wood, Ind. Test. Venus 29. V. violacea GmeL V . marica Chemn. 192. V • pectorina Lam. V. elegans Gray. Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. pi- ii, f. 3. 193. "V m eximia Phil. ?V. portesiana Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. pi. lxxxiii, f. 1, 2. 194. "V. rugosa Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Venus 13. V. rigid a Dillwyn. Order Cardiacea. Cardium Linnd 19o. C. miudcatum Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. Car- dium 14. 196. CL leucostomnm Born. C. elongatum Lam. Wood, Appendix, pi. xvii, f. 16. C. subelongatum Sow. C. marmoreum Lam. 197. C. citrinum Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Cardium 22, C. serratum Linn. C. lsevigatum Lam. GUPPY — GULF OF PAR1A. 147 198. C. oviputamen Reeve. 199. O. elixixnxifex'xxm. Guppy. Proc. S. A. Trinidad, vol. i, p. 367. Ann. Ar Mag. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1875 pi. vii, f. 3. This is near C. isocardium Linn, and may be a variety of that, but it has the vaulted scales much stouter and more crowded. It is common at Grenada. Cardita Bruguieres. 200. O. pectxxncxxlixs Brug. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 655-656. Ohama Bruguieres. 201. Oil. macro])li,ylla Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Chama 19. Ch. imbricata Lam. . * Ch. lazarus Lam. (not Linn.) Ch. gryphoides Dillw. (not Linn.) 202. Oil. florida Lam. 203. Oil. ruderalis Lam. Order Mytilacea. Pinna LinnA. 204. I 13 , ramulosa Reeve C. I. Pinna 52: P. seminuda auctt. (as of Lam.) P. rigida (Solander) Orb. Wood, Ind. Test. Pinna 7. P. nobilis Chemn. (not Linn.) P. orbignyi Hanley. Reeve, C. I. Pinna 49. Mytilus Linn A. 205. 31. axiieracaxixis Favarb. M. modiolus Chemn. (not Linn.) M. tulipa Lam. (part.) 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 208. ]\1. t>r*£tsilien sis Chemn. Wood, Appendix, p. 234. M. guainensis Lam. M. semifusca Sow. 207. ]\£. lig-neus Reeve. This species spins a bag entirely covering the shell. It was found in 2-3 fathoms water on a bottom of sandy mud. Reeve gives no locality for his shell. 208. ]*T. exustus Linn. Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxviii,f. 6, 7. M. citrinus Chemn. Wood, Inch Test. Area 15. M. sulcata Lam. 209. ]\T. doming'ensis Lam. Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, pi. xxviii, f. 8, 9. M. exustus. Lam. 210. Mi. lavalleanns Orb. Moll. Cuba, pi. xxviii, f. 3, 1. M. cubitus? Say. Crenella Brown. -11. Cl*, viator Orb. Voy. Amer. Mer. pi. lxxxiv, f. 34-37. Lithodomus Cuvier. 212. I. bii^ennifeiuis Guppy. Proc. S. A. Trinidad, Dec. 1877, p. 154. Idem Dec. 1881, p. 178, pi. vii, f. 14. This species seems to have been confounded with its West African analogue, A. caudigerus Lam. with reference to which see Journ. Conch. 1865, p. 127. L. bipenniferus is more cylin- lical , th„ umbones are usually less prominent and more leaily terminal , the dorsal edge has rarely so pronounced an angle. Burrows in limestone and corals. GUPP ST — GULF OF PARIA. 149 Avicula Bruguieres. 213. Avicula vitrea Reeve. Specimens of this from deep water in the CaribeanSea were very kindly given me by Mr. W. H. Robinson and identified at the British Museum (Natural History). Since then some beau- tiful small specimens with finely devoloped lamellar spines have been found in the Bocas attached to the stem of a Gorgonid in company with that rare and extraordinary sea-star Asteropora annulata. Perna Bruguieres. 214. X 3 . ot>li<inxt Lam. P. ephippium Sow. (not Linn.) Woodward, Man. pi. xvii. f. 2. Ostrea alata Gmei. 215. P. chemnitziana Orb. P. vulcella (b) Lam. Concha semiaurita Chemn. Perna bicolor Adams. Pecten (Gualtieri) Bruguieres. 216. P. nucleus Born. Wood, Ind. Test. Ostrea 47. P. t urgid us Lam. 217. I 3 . nodosus Linu. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 922. 218. X 3 . cii*Oixlax*is Sow. Thes. Conch, pi. xii, f. 23. Lima Bruguieres. 219. L. scxiX>r*£t Born. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 954-5. L. aspera Chemn. L. bullata Born. L. fragilis Lam. L. inflata Lam. L. glacialis Lam. L. pellucida Adams. 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. Plicatula Lamarck. 220. 1*1. cristata Lam. Woodward, Man. pi. xvi, f. 17. Ostrea spondyloidea Meuschen. S]Dondylus plicatus Chemn. PI. reniformis Lam. 221. O . Irons Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. Mytilus 3. O. folium Linn. (Reeve). O. limacella Lam. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, p. 1005. O. rubella and erucella Lam. 222. O. arborea Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Ostrea 71. O. radicum Chemn. O. parasitica Gmel. O. rhizophorse Guild. O. lingua and tulipa Lam. 223. O. virginioa Gmel. Wood, J. T. Ostrea 68. I insert this name on the strength of a specimen collected at Chacachacare. Order Arcacea. Leda Schumacher. 2l4. L. jamaicensis Orb. (var) Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 901-903 -25. L. patagonica Orb. Amer. Mer. p. 544, pi. lxxxii, f. 1-3. 225. egregia Guppy, Proo. S. A. Trinidad, 1881, p. 174. pi. vii, f. 1-2. This resembles and may possibly be identical with Leda new- combi Angas from Colon. (P.Z.S. 1876 pi. xviii, f. 17.) It is a \eij fine species and of rare occurrence as it lives in 5-10 fathoms water, GUPPY — GULF OF PARIA. 151 227. L. yitrea Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 262, pi. xxvi, f. 27-29. L. perlepida Guppy, Proc. S. A. Trinidad 1867, p. 173. Geol. Mag. 1874, pi. xviii, f. 9. L. vitrea, Proc. S. A. Trinidad, 1881, p. 172. pi., vii, f. 6. Nucula Lamarck. 228; IV. crosbyana Guppy, Proc. S. A. Trinidad, 1881, p. 170, pi. vii, f. 3. Arca Linne. 229. A. Uliboiiata Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Arca 14. A. ventricosa Lam. A. mutabilis Reeve. A. americana Orb. (not Gray) Moll. Cuba, pi. xxvi, f. 1, 2. A. nom auctt. (not Linn.) 230. A. occidentals Phil. A. navicularis Brug. Wood, Ind. Test. Arca 5. 231. .A— listei'i Phil. A. fusca Brug. A. granulata Meusch. 232. A. incongrua Say. Wood, Appendix, pi. xviii. f. 44. A. brasiliana Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. Arca 7. A. inequivalvis Brug. 233. A. ad am si Shuttl. 234. A. americana Gray. Wood, Ind. Test. SuppL Arca 1. A. pexata Say. Wood, Appendix, pi. xviii, f. 43 J 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 235. .A* C entrota Guppy, Proc. S. A. Trinidad, vol. i, p. 368. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1875, pi. vii, f. 4. 236. .A.. floridana Conr. (var.) 237. .A. auriculata Lam. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 865, 866 . 238. A. sqiiaLiriosa Lam. (not Gray) A. donaciformis Peeve. Chenu, Conch, vol. ii, f. 863. A. divaricata Sow. A. domingensis Lam. A. angulata Meusch. 239. A. reticulata Chemn. Pectunculus Lamarck 240. I*. decixs^EitiTS Linn. P. pennaceus Lam. P. undatus Lam. P. angulatus Lam. P. hirtus Phil. Brachiopoda. Discina Lamarck. 241. D. antillariirii Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 368, pl. xxviii, f. 34-36. r WJPWgVi ..... 1.1^ I '